基于自适应单神经元PID的四旋翼飞行控制研究

针对传统增量式PID控制算法在四旋翼飞行器的姿态控制中自整定参数不足的缺点,提出了一种改进的自适应单神经元PID控制算法,该算法在单神经元加权系数调整的基础上引入PSD自适应控制方法,增加了对比例系数的自适应调整;通过建立四旋翼飞行器的动力学模型和飞行试验平台对该改进算法进行仿真验证;仿真结果表明,采用自适应单神经元PID算法的控制器结构简单且响应速度快,精度高,具有更高的鲁棒性和自适应能力,能有效的实现四旋翼飞行器姿态的稳定控制。     

基于自适应模糊PID的无人机四维航迹控制研究

为了提高无人机执行任务的能力,在对三维导航研究的基础上,进行了包括按时到达目标点的四维导航系统设计,给出了导航过程中高度和速度的求解方法。然后分别设计了基于自适应模糊PID的高度和速度控制器,并将其用于无人机的四维导航中。仿真结果表明,与传统的PID控制相比,基于自适应模糊PID设计的控制器能明显改善控制器性能,具有超调小、响应快、稳态精度高的优点,能够精确实现无人机的四维航迹控制。     

小型固定翼无人机纵向姿态控制律的研究

针对无人机在实际飞行过程中受到外部环境影响大,控制精度不够高的问题;研究了一种模糊参数自整定PID控制方法来完成对无人机的纵向姿态的控制;该方法在传统的PID控制的基础上,利用无人机实际飞行中的数据,建立起模糊控制规则来实现PID参数自整定,最后在通过建立的纵向姿态模型上进行仿真控制,得出仿真曲线;仿真实验结果表明,所设计的模糊PID控制器,相比于传统的PID控制器具有更好的控制性能,并且具有很好的抗干扰能力,能够满足无人机控制系统的要求。     

近程巡飞弹姿态控制优化仿真研究

近程巡飞弹姿态控制系统是一个非线性、时变性及耦合性的复杂控制系统,是近程巡飞弹武器系统型号研制的关键技术之一;传统的PID控制在不同巡飞状态下调节稳定性较差、响应时间慢、影响姿态控制的稳定性和机动性;针对近程巡飞弹姿态控制系统中PID控制参数不可调,自适应、抗干扰性能较差等问题,引入了自适应模糊PID控制方法,使系统在不同巡飞姿态和干扰条件下能够实时整定PID的三个控制参数,提高系统的控制性能;在此基础上设计了近程巡飞弹的姿态角控制回路,并以俯仰角为例,在Matlab/Simulink平台下建立仿真模型,进行仿真实验;仿真结果显示,采用自适应模糊PID的控制方法,系统控制性能更好,抗干扰能力和自适应能力优于传统PID控制,减小了巡飞过程中姿态角的波动情况。     

自适应模糊PID前馈补偿在机载挂飞摆扫转台控制中的应用

针对机载挂飞转台的摆扫速度控制问题,提出了一种利用模糊自适应PID技术进行前馈补偿的复合控制策略。首先根据实际应用提出摆扫转台的期望摆扫速度曲线,并对直流力矩电机驱动的摆扫转台进行了建模;然后根据扰动前馈补偿的控制原理,提出了模糊自适应PID前馈补偿方法,为摆扫转台的速度环设计了模糊PID控制器,并在此基础上设计了与之相适应的的自适应前馈补偿函数;最后进行了仿真结果验证。通过Matlab仿真结果表明,相对于模糊PID控制,所设计的模糊自适应PID前馈补偿控制器能有效的跟踪期望的转台摆扫速度,大幅地提高了在有稳定干扰和摆扫速度越变情况下的跟踪精度。     

双机系统的模糊PID自适应励磁调节控制

针对多机并联系统的稳定性控制问题,在构建同步发电机双机并联运行系统暂态仿真模型的基础上,将基于模糊理论的PID自适应控制方法用于双机并联运行系统的励磁调节自适应控制器的设计;该方法以电压的偏差和变化率作为控制器的输入,然后通过模糊处理,对比例、积分、微分系数进行自适应实时调整;在不同运行模式下对双机并联运行系统进行了仿真与动态性能分析,结果表明所设计的模糊PID自适应控制算法较传统的PID励磁控制具有更好的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。     

无人机姿态控制器设计及仿真

由于无人机模型的非线性和参数的时变性,传统PID方法设计的控制器动静态性能可能会变得很差,针对这种问题,设计了适合于某型无人机的模糊自适应姿态控制器。对于模糊控制器的隶属函数选择中盲目性的问题,利用粒子群优化算法对隶属函数进行智能寻优,降低设计过程中专家主观意向对控制器性能不确定性的影响。仿真结果表明,本文设计的控制器相对传统PID有更好的动静态性能,并且对于模型参数的时变性具有一定的鲁棒性。     

基于自适应的大气相干长度测量仪控制系统设计

通过跟踪移动信标来测量大气湍流参数时,高精度的伺服控制技术是影响其测量精度的主要因素之一;在常规PID 控制的基础上,从自适应的角度出发,设计了一种适用于相干长度测量仪的且参数可自整定的控制器;当系统受扰动作用或系统运行状态变化时,在对系统不断辨识的基础上,依据性能指标,配置期望极点,实时调整控制器的参数值,实现系统的自适应,改善系统的鲁棒性;仿真及实验结果表明,采用自适应PID控制,在常值干扰下,系统的超调量减少26%,调节时间缩短1.28 s;跟踪20 mrad/s的目标时,系统的脱靶量峰峰值减小41.78%,稳态误差减小29.3%。相较于常规PID控制器,自适应PID控制器可减小超调量,缩短调节时间,优化跟踪性能,控制效果更好。     

基于ARM的四旋翼姿态控制器设计

四旋翼姿态控制器采用集成了加速度计和陀螺仪的惯性测量单元,实时采集姿态数据,传输给Cortex-M4内核的处理芯片,利用四元数姿态解算方法,对加速度和角速度数据融合解算处理。采用位置式PID控制算法,控制四个无刷电机的转速,实现控制四旋翼飞行器的飞行姿态。建立万向云台调试系统,通过实践调试验证该控制器能实现控制四旋翼姿态的稳定性。稳定飞行时,姿态角的平均振荡范围为5度。     

冗余自由度工业机器人模糊自适应PID控制研究

为提高汽车生产中涂胶工序的工作效率和空间利用率,改善机器人避障性能,设计了一款具有7自由度的冗余度工业涂胶机器人,并对其控制方法开展研究。针对现有PID控制方法应用于非线性时变的多自由度多刚体串联式开链系统时,控制效果有限、难以达到系统精度要求等问题,基于传统PID控制和模糊自适应控制算法,提出了一种带有重力补偿的模糊自适应PID混合控制方法。该方法在对冗余度工业机器人进行动力学分析的基础上,基于牛顿-欧拉分析法建立了冗余度机器人动力学模型,基于动力学分析设计了带有重力补偿的模糊自适应参数整定PID控制策略,建立了控制器模型,通过Matlab仿真实验表明,具有模糊自适应参数整定PID控制较有重力补偿的传统PID控制具有更好的控制效果。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.