保健品中西地那非和他达拉非的拉曼光谱同时检测方法研究

抗疲劳类保健品中常见西地那非和他达拉非两类违禁药物的添加,涉及食品安全刑事案件数目多,两类药物快速检测技术的研究对于相关犯罪快速打击具有重要意义。相比于色谱等实验室方法,拉曼光谱是一种操作简便且成本低廉的技术,近年来越来越多的应用于保健品非法添加药物的快速筛查。本文开发了一种对保健品中西地那非和他达拉非进行同时检测的表面增强拉曼光谱方法。使用便携式拉曼光谱仪器,本文方法对西地那非的检出限为5 mg/kg,他达拉非检出限为10 mg/kg,可测胶囊、片剂类大部分抗疲劳类保健品,操作耗时10分钟。本文所开发的检测方法在基层公安或市场监督机构有广泛应用前景。     

TLC-SERS法快速检测改善睡眠类保健食品中四种化学成分

建立薄层色谱(TLC)与表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用技术对改善睡眠类保健食品中四种非法添加化学成分(三唑仑、艾司唑仑、氯硝西泮及奥沙西泮)的快速检测新方法。以环己烷-乙酸乙酯-乙醇(5∶3.5∶2)为展开剂,利用 TLC 将添加成分与保健食品基质初步分离,在UV_{254 nm}下检测定位;以780 nm激光为激发波长,水相银溶胶为表面增强剂,采用SERS法对TLC上的微量添加成分定性检测。通过模拟阳性样品实验,考察保健食品基质对添加成分TLC-SERS的影响,并考察四种化学成分的检测限。建立了改善睡眠类保健品中非法添加四种化学成分的TLC-SERS检测方法。四种添加成分的TLC-SERS与相应对照品的拉曼光谱特征峰存在明显相关性;保健食品的基质对添加成分的检测几乎没有干扰;四种化学成分的检测限为1～4 μg。最后,对市售五种改善睡眠类保健食品进行检测,均不存在非法添加情况。该研究利用TLC与SERS相结合的方法应用于改善睡眠类保健食品中掺杂化学成分的快速检测,并获得了镇静安眠类共四种化药的TLC-SERS谱,建立了改善睡眠类保健食品中非法添加三唑仑等四种化药的检测方法;该法专属、灵敏、快速、简单,并且没有显著的检测时间限制,为改善睡眠类保健食品中掺杂化学成分的现场检测方法研究提供新的参考依据。     

TLC原位拉曼光谱法快速检测减肥类保健食品中非法添加的四种成分

建立薄层色谱(TLC)与拉曼光谱联用方法,并对减肥类保健食品中非法添加的四种化学成分(茶碱、咖啡因、苯丙酸诺龙、螺内酯)进行检测。采用TLC法将掺杂成分与保健食品基质进行初步分离,在紫外灯(254 nm)下检视定位,以780 nm激光为光源,对TLC上微量掺杂成分的斑点原位,直接检测浓集点的拉曼光谱。考察不同配方保健食品基质对掺杂成分拉曼光谱的影响,并对检测限进行验证,初步建立了减肥类保健食品中四种掺杂成分的TLC原位拉曼光谱检测方法。常用保健食品基质对掺杂成分检测结果无干扰,检测限为2~4 μg,在九种减肥类保健食品中检测出两种含有咖啡因。该研究建立了TLC与拉曼光谱联用技术并采用此方法快速鉴别了减肥保健食品中茶碱等四种非法添加化学成分,本法专属、灵敏、快速、简便,可为保健食品中非法添加化学成分的快速检测技术研究提供新的参考依据。     

TLC-SERS法快速检测降压类中药中非法添加的四种化学成分

建立了薄层色谱(TLC)与表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用方法对降压类中药中四种非法添加的化学成分,即盐酸尼卡地平、甲磺酸多沙唑嗪、盐酸普萘洛尔及氢氯噻嗪进行快速检测的新方法。利用TLC法将掺杂成分与中药基质进行简单分离,采用SERS法对薄层板上的微量物质进行定性检测。实验中通过优化银胶浓度和薄层展开体系,并考察掺杂成分的最低检测限,初步建立可用于降压类中药非法添加化学成分的TLC-SERS检测方法。结果表明,该方法用于检测这四种化学成分时专属性较好,检测限低可至0.005 μg,最终检测出十种降压类中药中有两种非法添加了化学成分。本方法简便快速,能实现降压类中药中非法添加化学成分的快速检测,有望成为中药掺杂化学成分的现场检测的新方法。     

部分临床药物的拉曼光谱研究

针对目前临床药物拉曼光谱的缺乏和药物检测领域的现状,利用拉曼光谱技术对抗生素、抗组织胺、血凝酶和止吐剂等几类常用临床药物进行了拉曼光谱的测量和研究。通过观测上述具有良好拉曼活性的药物样品拉曼光谱,不仅确定了样品拉曼峰的位移、强度和线宽,还探索了其包络的线形等光谱特性。通过分析和比较拉曼光谱图,找出各药物间的异同; 对于那些由于拉曼活性低或拉曼光谱的复杂样品,虽然暂时无法识别,但也进行了尝试性的测量或提出了测量建议。研究表明: 小分子药物的光谱特征很明显,拉曼峰分布较广, 对其进行光谱识别简单易行; 而大分子都表现出较弱的光谱特征峰, 常常伴随复杂的包络,不仅导致了对其光谱识别的困难, 也很难准确确定特征峰位置。对于不同药物,提出了用拉曼光谱测量和分析其药物成分的可行性,并通过分析其拉曼光谱的特性, 为医学工作者识别和分析药物成分提供了实验证据。不仅为建立药物的拉曼光谱数据库奠定了基础。还使业界看到了快速识别和检测药物的前景,从而促进拉曼光谱技术在药物检测上的运用。     

拉曼光谱及其检测时样品前处理的研究进展

拉曼光谱具有操作简单,所需样本量小,检测灵敏度高等特点,可进行现场快速筛查、检测及鉴别。样品前处理直接影响分析结果的准确度和精密度,而且操作繁琐费时。发展快速、高效的样品前处理技术进而结合拉曼光谱检测技术具有重要的研究意义,特别是与增强拉曼光谱相结合进行食品、农产品中等残留物的衡量检测已成为研究热点。本文阐述了拉曼光谱产生的原理,介绍了拉曼光谱的起源和发展,讨论了表面增强拉曼光谱技术、针尖增强拉曼光谱技术和壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱技术,并对拉曼检测之前的样品预处理进行了讨论。     

TLC-SERS联用快速同时检测食品中非法添加的碱性橙Ⅱ和酸性橙Ⅱ的研究

建立了一种薄层色谱(TLC)与表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用快速检测食品中非法添加的碱性橙Ⅱ和酸性橙Ⅱ的方法。采用薄层色谱法对样品提取液进行简单分离,并优化了薄层色谱分离条件;合成并优选出水相和有机相两类银溶胶,分别用作碱性橙Ⅱ和酸性橙Ⅱ拉曼信号增强基底,继而利用优选的银溶胶为增强基底对分离出的微量物质进行表面增强拉曼光谱检测,考察了检测时间,并确立了碱性橙Ⅱ和酸性橙Ⅱ检出限分别为1和2.5 mg·L-1。将该方法用于实际样品检测,成功实现了复杂食品基质中碱性橙Ⅱ和酸性橙Ⅱ的同时快速检测。该方法具有简便、快速、经济、专属性好等优势,为复杂食品基质中碱性橙Ⅱ和酸性橙Ⅱ的同时快速检测提供了新方案。     

基于多变量光谱数据分析方法的乳腺癌血清拉曼光谱特征研究

相比于细胞、组织等其他病理诊断样品，血液样本更易临床采集，其生化构成变化常表现于医学影像学检测到的临床症状出现之前，更有利于实现恶性疾病的早期筛查与诊断。拉曼光谱(RS)技术，具有快速、无标记、无损、非侵入等检测优势，且可获得特异性的生物分子结构和物质组成信息，在临床血液样品(血浆、血清)的癌变诊断检测中具有重大的应用前景。本工作采用显微拉曼光谱检测技术，在分析不同病变阶段(健康，早期癌变和晚期癌变)乳腺癌血清样品生化组成信息基础上，结合主成分分析(PCA)与线性判别分析(LDA)、支持向量机(SVM)和偏最小二乘算法(PLS-DA)等多变量光谱分析手段，构建光谱特征归类鉴别模型；并采用留一交叉验证方法(LOOCV)评估、比较这些模型的灵敏度、特异性和准确率，探索基于血清拉曼光谱的乳腺癌诊断方法。研究工作在观察血清类胡罗卜素成分共振拉曼光谱现象基础上，进一步分析了乳腺癌病理演进过程中血清样品蛋白质与脂类光谱特征变化。此外，利用多种光谱数据模型，在提取、识别更具代表性的分子光谱特征信息后，实现了较为准确的血清特征光谱信息鉴别分析。其中，PCA-LDA模型的分类准确率达99%; PCA-S...     

多波长消荧光拉曼光谱仪的研制及应用研究

拉曼光谱技术作为探究分子、晶体及其结构特征的有力手段,具有快速、无损、样品用量小、无需前处理且适应性强等优点,已被广泛应用于食品安全、石油化工等领域。但在拉曼光谱应用中,常常受到荧光背景干扰,导致拉曼信号降低,严重的情况下拉曼信号甚至会淹没在荧光背景中。为解决拉曼技术在实际应用中荧光背景干扰的问题,从仪器角度出发,采用二色镜对多波长拉曼光谱进行光路耦合设计,研制了近红外拉曼光谱与移频差分拉曼复合一体的多波长消荧光拉曼光谱检测系统,其中近红外拉曼光谱采用1 064 nm激光光源设计,移频差分拉曼光谱选取784.5和785.5 nm两组激光光源进行时分复用,在移频差分拉曼光谱检测的同时,亦可获得两组单波长拉曼光谱数据。通过对比同步测试和分时逐次测试的强度及峰位稳定性,验证了多波长消荧光拉曼光谱仪的同步测试性能;选取了多种荧光背景强弱不同的样品,进行了单波长拉曼、近红外拉曼及移频差分拉曼光谱的对比分析。针对丙酮、乙腈等荧光背景较弱的样品,可采用单波长拉曼光谱对样品进行定量及定性分析;针对食用油、红色塑胶微粒等荧光背景与拉曼信号强度相当的样品,可采用近红外拉曼光谱对样品进行定量及定性分析;针对红酒、棕色塑胶微粒等荧光背景较强的样品,需结合近红外拉曼光谱和差分拉曼光谱对样品进行定性分析。研究表明：通过多波长消荧光拉曼光谱检测系统的研制,在常规单波长拉曼光谱技术的基础上,将两种抑制荧光干扰技术有机结合,有效扩充了应用领域及样品检测范围。     

ZnO纳米棒的拉曼和发光光谱研究(英文)

本文对采用湿化学方法合成的ZnO纳米棒样品的拉曼光谱和发光光谱进行了研究。由扫描电镜结果可知,合成的ZnO纳米棒具有很好的尺寸发布均匀性,直径在30 nm左右,长度大于1微米。采用显微拉曼光谱技术,得到了632.8 nm波长激发的拉曼光谱,并和体相样品的拉曼光谱进行了对比分析;由325 nm激光波长激发得到的荧光光谱可知样品具有很好的紫外发光性质。     

Two‐dimensional standoff Raman measurements of distant samples

A scanning standoff Raman spectroscopy system has been developed to measure the molecular species of distant samples in two dimensions. Computer software is used to control the scanner pan and tilt angles, and Raman measurements are collected of the distant sample area in an x–y grid pattern. The Raman spectra at each grid point are measured and processed to obtain an image of the distant surface composition. The ability to provide interpolated images of distant molecular species is illustrated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

拉曼光谱技术的应用及研究进展

本文简述了拉曼光谱产生的机理以及与红外光谱的区别,讨论了拉曼光谱在聚合物、生物分子、蛋白质和无机物等方面研究及应用,介绍了傅立叶变换拉曼、共焦显微拉曼、表面增强激光拉曼、固体光声拉曼光谱的原理及其应用以及拉曼光谱和其他检测手段的联用技术。     

复合输出镜（Nd,Ce）：YAG拉曼频移激光器研究

报道了由部分反射凹面镜和辅助平面镜构成的复合输出镜高压ＣＨ４气体（Ｎｄ，Ｃｅ）：ＹＡＧ拉曼频移激光器的理论和实验研究结果，在１０Ｊ的输入下，获得１２ｍＪ的拉曼激光输出，并计算的基频场基模光束参数。     

拉曼光谱技术在爆炸物检测中的应用

随着恐怖活动的蔓延,对爆炸物的检测和溯源变得越来越重要。拉曼光谱能够提供化合物的指纹图谱,是对物质定性分析的有力工具,具有无损、快速、准确度高等优点,近年来在爆炸物检测领域被广泛应用。本文介绍了共聚焦显微拉曼光谱、空间偏移拉曼光谱、表面增强拉曼光谱等拉曼光谱技术在爆炸物检测方面的应用及最新研究进展。     

A novel Raman optical activity instrument operating in the deep ultraviolet spectral region

Raman optical activity (ROA) has been exclusively observed in the visible (VIS) and near‐infrared (NIR) spectral regions to date. During the last few years, we have designed, constructed and tested the first ROA instrument, operating in the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) spectral region employing 244‐nm excitation. This novel DUV ROA instrument is based on a backscattering geometry and incident circular polarization modulation (ICP); it makes use of a fast DUV imaging lens‐based spectrograph and specially designed DUV grade polarization optics. The performance of this instrument has been evaluated by analysing measured non‐resonant DUV ROA spectra of non‐absorbing enantiomeric liquid samples and by comparing these with corresponding ROA spectra recorded in the visible spectral region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高压下NaCl水溶液的Raman光谱不连续性的证据

在温度21 ℃和压力50～1 100 MPa范围内利用碳化硅压腔进行了10％的NaCl水溶液的Raman光谱的原位测量和研究。研究发现：溶液的Raman拟合谱峰在50～300 MPa压力范围内,随着压力的增加向低波数方向移动,在约300 MPa时达到最小值;在300～800 MPa压力范围内,压力的升高则导致谱峰向高波数方向移动,在约800 MPa时达到最大值;随着压力的进一步升高(＞800 MPa),谱峰又向低波数方向移动。类似地,拟合谱峰的峰面积比值和半高宽在压力约300和800 MPa时也发现了不连续现象。这表明高压下NaCl水溶液的内部结构是不连续的,溶液中的氢键(O—H…Cl-)发生了相应的变化,意味着溶液中出现了结构的重新排列,产生了较为复杂的结构构型。     

Stimulated Raman scattering and spontaneous Raman solitons in ammonia

In this study we report the first observation of spontaneous Raman solitons in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) by the gas NH₃. The scattered radiation is called Stokes radiation. Raman solitons are of considerable interest, because their existence can be explained by quantum-mechanical fluctuations of the electromagnetic field in vacuum. We have observed spontaneous Raman solitons in a forward SRS configuration for two different molecular transitions of NH₃, the laser emissions at 58 μm and 72.6 μm wavelength. These are optically pumped by 10 μm CO₂-laser pulses with a duration of 100 ns and an energy of 150 mJ. Spontaneous Raman solitons are short spikes in the pump pulse which occur during its depletion. Their origin is the rapid π phase change of the Stokes seed. In contrast to other laboratories we have used single-pass cells. Thus, we have succeeded in observing multiple spontaneous Raman solitons during one pump pulse. Previous experiments with multi-pass cells never showed multiple solitons. Since multiple spontaneous Raman solitons have already been reported in an earlier experiment with a single-pass cell filled with hydrogen at high pressure, we conclude that such multiple Raman solitons can be observed mainly in this type of gas cell. Subsequently, we have performed statistical measurements on the delay time and the height of the spontaneous Raman solitons in the depleted pump pulse for the 58 μm-NH₃ emission. We have compared these statistics with theory and equivalent experimental results of other laboratories. They are in good agreement with the assumption that quantum-mechanical fluctuations are the origin of spontaneous Raman solitons. The most recent theories postulate that the origin of the formation of spontaneous Raman solitons can be explained by the rapid π phase change of the Stokes seed as well as that of the laser or polarization wave. Therefore, we have determined the phase of the spontaneous Raman solitons relative to the depleted pump pulse. Although, such changes of sign of the relative phase have already been observed in an earlier SRS experiment with hydrogen at high pressure, we did not detect any in our experiment. Therefore, we conclude that in this experiment the π phase change occurs in the Stokes or polarization wave.     

Raman Scattering Intensities of the NO2 Symmetric Stretching Vibration Band of Some Aromatic Nitrocompounds (II)

The Raman scattering intensities of the NO₂ symmetric stretching vibration band were investigated experimentally for some para and meta substituted nitrobenzenes. The excitation profiles obtained with the six excitation wavelengths from 457.9 to 514.5 nm were presented. The results were examined in terms of the Albrecht-Hutley's theory, and the electronic states involved in the preresonance Raman intensity enhancement were suggested.     

Identification of Explosive Substances Through Improved Signals Obtained by a Portable Raman Spectrometer

The development of devices to detect explosive substances in situ with characteristics such as easy portability, simple operation, and quick response is of high interest nowadays. Raman spectroscopy meets most of these requirements, allowing for the identification of volume and trace amounts of an unknown substance. In this paper we report the characterization of explosive substances such as ANFO and pentolite, both in their pure forms as well as mixed with other substances, such as sugar and sodium hydrogen carbonate, using a portable Raman Enwave Optronics EZRaman-model M, whose signal is sent and received by a head coupled to an optical fiber. The obtained spectra have been validated by comparison with those obtained by a conventional Raman spectrometer with high resolution. We discuss the advantage of using miniaturized laptops running with a 785-nm laser, making a correction of the signal response to obtain optimized spectral fingerprints with minimum noise, in order to design an autocalibrated, easily portable device that performs the function of identification of the mentioned substances.