离心压气机楔形扩压器设计及改进方法研究

本文针对一总压比为11,质量流量为2.98kg/s的单级离心压气机进行了设计.其中扩压器为楔形扩压器,蜗壳为圆截面对称结构。通过数值计算得到其性能曲线和流场分布,探究了楔形扩压器进口安装角对压气机性能的影响,并对其叶型进行改进设计,最后为其匹配蜗壳得到整级的性能曲线.结果表明采用较大的正冲角、曲线轮廓楔形扩压器性能较高,改进完成后整级等熵效率为81.04%,压比为12.73.     

Application of DPIV to study both steady state and transient turbomachinery flows

Digital particle imaging velocimetry (DPIV) is a powerful measurement technique, which can be used as an alternative or complementary approach to laser doppler velocimetry (LDV) in a wide range of research applications. The instantaneous planar velocity measurements obtained with PIV make it an attractive technique for use in the study of the complex flow fields encountered in turbomachinery. The planar nature of the technique also significantly reduces the facility run time over point-based techniques. Techniques for optical access, light sheet delivery, CCD camera technology and particulate seeding are discussed. Results from the successful application of the PIV technique to both the blade passage region of a transonic axial compressor and the diffuser region of a high speed centrifugal compressor are presented. Both instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields were obtained. The averaged flow field measurements are used to estimate the flow turbulence intensity. The instantaneous velocity vector maps obtained during compressor surge provide previously unobtainable insight into the complex flow field characteristics occurring during short lived surge events. These flow field maps illustrate the true power of the DPIV technique.     

Quantitative visualization of the leading-edge vortices on a delta wing by using pressure-sensitive paint

Leading-edge vortices on a simple delta wing were visualized by using pressure-sensitive paint (PSP). PSP is an optical pressure measurement technique based on oxygen quenching of luminescent molecules. In the present study, we used PSP composed of platinum octaethylporphyrine (PtOEP) and fluoropolymer (poly-IBM-co-TFEM [Poly (isobutylmethacrtlate-co-trifluoroethylate)]). This new paint has higher sensitivity to pressure and lower sensitivity to temperature than previous ones, reducing an error due to temperature variation during a wind tunnel test. A thin coating of PSP was applied to a delta wing model with 70-degree leading-edge sweep. The coating was excited by Xenon light and emission from the coating was detected by a high-resolution CCD camera. Tests were done at subsonic speeds in the 0.2-m Supersonic Wind Tunnel at the National Aerospace Laboratory in Japan. Complicated flow structures on the delta wing including primary and secondary vortices were clearly visualized using pressure-sensitive paint. An a priori calibration technique was used to convert measured luminescent intensity into pressure. The obtained pressure distributions were in good agreement with pressure tap data. Pressure maps were obtained for various Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers and angles of attack. It was found that an increase in Mach number delayed vortex breakdown while Reynolds number had little effect on the vortex formation.     

离心压气机叶排间涡脱落及气流脉动行为研究

对某一带叶片扩压器跨声速离心压气机内部三维非定常流场进行了数值模拟,依据计算结果描述了叶轮叶片尾缘尾迹涡脱落行为,给出了叶轮尾缘脉动压力频谱特性图和叶轮出口位置脉动速度动能分布图。研究结果表明,主叶片与分流叶片尾缘尾迹涡脱落过程交替进行;转静干涉和转子叶片尾缘的涡脱落行为是造成叶轮尾缘气流脉动行为的主要原因,随着时间的...     

离心压气机内部非定常流场的数值模拟

应用NUMECA软件对跨声速离心压气机级动静叶相互干涉形成的三维非定常粘性流场进行了数值模拟,给出了不同时刻叶片表面压力系数的变化曲线,不同时刻不同流向位置截面上速度沿流道宽度方向分布的变化曲线.模拟结果表明压力场和速度场的非定常特性主要表现在叶轮出口、径向间隙以及整个扩压器内.压力面上的非定常现象较吸力面上显著.     

叶片扩压器进口安装角对离心压缩机性能影响的数值与实验研究

对不同扩压器进口安装角下离心压缩机的性能进行了实验研究,并详细计算分析了相应的流场分布。分析表明, 不同的进口安装角对压缩机的流动有较大的影响,压缩机的性能曲线也有不同程度的左右偏移;进口处较大的正冲角和负冲角均会在扩压器叶片表面出现大尺度的分离涡团;在给定的流量工况下,应存在一个最佳的进口安装角,使得扩压器效率最高;设计工况下,最高效率所对应的冲角并非为零。     

有叶扩压器的流场分析

本文利用计算流体力学通用软件了进行离心压气机扩压器的初步设计工作。参照有关文献[1~8]中的设计公式,本文进行了以下几种扩压器的几何造型和数值计算: (1)双圆弧中心线机翼型叶片扩压器; (2)楔形扩压器;(3)用优化程序设计的扩压器,给出了各扩压器造型在给定边界条件下流场的马赫数、静压、总压的分布,计算出各扩压器造型的静压比和总压恢复系数。最后对设计的扩压器与叶轮一起连算,以取得更接近实际情况的计算结果。通过对计算结果进行的分析比较,得到了离心压气机扩压器设计中有价值的初步性结果,为进一步的设计提供了改进途径和相应的基础数据。     

基于遗传算法的离心压缩机叶栅多点优化设计

离心压缩机元件的气动设计通常是根据一个给定工况点设计其几何形状。如此设计的元件在该设计工况点一般能保持较好的气动性态,但当实际运行工况改变时,性能往往会恶化。本文将机翼的多点设计思想引入离心压缩机叶栅的优化设计,并应用遗传算法对这类多目标优化问题进行求解,希望由此获得在运行工况间能较好折中的叶栅型线设计。以离心压缩机扩压器叶栅为例,在两个给定设计工况下采用所提出的方法求解其最佳叶片型线。数值结果显示,方法是有效和可行的。     

Pressure-sensitive paint measurement on co-rotating disks in a hard disk drive

There is much demand for improvement in the performance of a hard disk drive (HDD) along with recent rapid developments of information technology. While high-speed disk rotation of a HDD is necessary to accommodate such needs, it causes disk flutter induced by pressure fluctuation on disks and degrades reliability of a HDD. In order to understand the mechanism of the fluttering phenomenon, it is important to know pressure field on the rotating disk. However, it is impossible to measure the pressure by ordinary methods such as pressure taps. Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) is a pressure measurement technique based on the oxygen quenching of luminescence and enables us to measure the pressure non-invasively. In general, however, the temperature sensitivity of PSP makes it difficult to measure the precise pressure on the surface with temperature distribution. We measured the time-averaged pressure on the disk rotating at 10 000-20 000 rpm for the first time by adopting a temperature-insensitive PSP composed of pyrene sulfonic acid (PySO₃H) as a luminophore. It was found that the pressure forms a concentric circular distribution and decreases toward the center of the disk. Additionally, we elucidate how disk rotational speed and spacing between co-rotating disks influence on the pressure field.     

离心压缩机级内三维粘性流动数值分析

本文介绍了用时间推进法进行离心压缩机级内全三维粘性流场的计算方法．该方法是作者在已完成的求解孤立叶排Ｎ－Ｓ方程的计算程序的基础上发展的，通过使用周向非均匀的叶排间隙混合平面概念来考虑离心叶轮与扩压器之间的相互影响，并依据质量守恒原则，对下游的进口气流角进行了修正，以保证了上下游叶排在相容的流动特性下工作．完成了离心压缩机级（包括叶轮与扩压器）三维粘性定常流场的计算及性能预测．应用本文所发展的程序，对某高炉鼓风机的叶轮及其叶片扩压器进行了计算．     

带突扩段有叶扩压器的设计与分析

本文针对离心压气机采用突扩转接段后的设计问题,初步探讨了其内部流动规律,进行了型线的优化设计。首先进行的子午面计算,确定了扩压器的型线,然后对无叶扩压器作了三维数值模拟,保证了叶片进口参数的平滑均匀。最后完成了带叶扩压器的三维计算。数值计算结果表明,出口马赫数、总压恢复系数和出气角均达到了设计要求。设计的完成为复杂扩压系统的设计与数值模拟打下了良好基础。     

Quantitative wind tunnel studies using pressure- and temperature sensitive paints

The pressure sensitive paint (PSP) intensity and lifetime system is an optical measurement technique to investigate absolute pressure fields on model surfaces for basic research in laboratories, industrial wind tunnels or high speed rotating turbo machines. Detailed qualitative and quantitative information and understanding of flow phenomena can be obtained in speed ranges from U_∞=20 m/s up to Ma=5.0. A number of projects of industrial interest has been investigated in different wind tunnels covering low speed, transonic, trisonic and cryogenic facilities. The influence of the main error sources for the components of the PSP system have been checked. Comparison of experimental pressure fields obtained by means of PSP and the results of numerical calculations have been carried out. Different wind tunnel models ranging from basic configurations such as a cropped delta wing to a complex half model of a large propeller-driven transport aircraft with all flaps, rudders and shrouds, and rotating or oscillating models as well as Reynolds number effects on models have been investigated.     

高压比离心压气机叶片扩压器设计准则研究

本文对某带叶片扩压器的高压比离心压气机进行数值研究,提出Vt和Vm沿子午流道规律变化的叶片扩压器气动参数设计准则,采用该设计准则的优化结果表明,在保持原型扩压器进出口半径的条件下,压气机压比基本不变,但最高效率提高1.55%,工作裕度扩宽22.22%。同时,本文提供气动参数设计准则相应的快速优化设计流程。该气动设计准则可为类似的高压比离心压气机叶片扩压器设计、优化提供指导与参考。     

用热线风速仪测量叶轮后叶片扩压器流场

叶片扩压器对离心压缩机的总体性能影响很大,为了研究叶轮后叶片扩压器内复杂的非定常流动,本文对一大尺度离心压缩机级的叶片扩压器流场进行了实验测量。实验对Dantec的热线探针支架进行了改进,采用了固定热线、相位锁定-系综平均技术,对采集到的热线信号进行了有效地分解,提出了非定常强度的概念来定量考察离心叶轮对叶片扩压器流场的影响。     

离心压缩机弯道最佳r/b值研究

本文将叶轮、无叶扩压器和弯道组合一起对弯道进行研究,充分考虑了叶轮出口的射流/尾迹结构对弯道进口气流的影响.通过对不同弯道半径r与流道宽度b的比值r/b条件下,数值研究其对离心压缩机基本级气动性能的影响.对弯道内部流动及r/b值变化与离心压缩机级的总体性能的变化关系进行详细的对比分析.研究结果表明:r/b值的变化对弯道出口气流角影响显著,并存在一个使级效率为最大值的最佳r/b值。壁面摩擦是引起弯道内部总压损失的主要因素。     

离心压气机叶片扩压器气动优化设计

本文以某高速离心压气机叶片扩压器为研究对象,采用Kriging模型在设计工况下对其进行气动优化设计,以获取较高的"叶轮 扩压器"等熵效率,同时保证扩压器出口静压不降.Kriging模型大大加速了设计过程,得到的优化结果和原始设计相比,在性能上有了较大改善.     

使用确定应力模型研究离心压气机叶片相互作用

离心压气机叶轮和扩压器叶片间空隙很小,在无叶区和半有叶区的流动非定常特性十分明显。特别是离心叶轮出口通常的射流／尾迹流动使得有叶扩压器进口在时间、空间两个尺度上都存在十分强烈的不均匀性。叶轮和扩压器叶片间的相互作用,历来都被认为是影响离心压气机效率和稳定工作范围的重要因素。本文引入确定应力模型和改进的计算域延伸方法,计算了Ｋｒａｉｎ离心压气机组的流场,着重分析了叶轮出口无叶区、半无叶区等叶片间相互作用最强烈的区域的复杂流动现象。     

周向非均匀人流/出流条件下无叶扩压器敏感性分析

不稳定流动是高速离心压缩机内部流动的本质特征,其诱发机制往往受到关键结构参数与边界处流动条件的影响.本文以带有无叶扩压器的离心压缩机为研究对象,基于线性的全局稳定性理论,同时考虑涡黏性与分子黏性的作用,建立了基于无叶扩压器r-θ平面的二维稳定性分析方法,获得了流动失稳的直接全局模态;然后基于伴随方法获得了对应最不稳定特征值的伴随全局模态,结合直接与伴随模态构建了流场特征值的结构敏感性。最后考虑了射流-尾流流动结构,以及蜗壳非对称几何结构的影响,分别对周向非均匀入流/出流条件下的无叶扩压器流动进行了稳定性与敏感性分析。分析结果表明机匣侧出口回流对无叶扩压器全局稳定性具有关键作用;在无蜗壳时,射流-尾流结构对于全局稳定性的影响主要体现在失速团个数,而对失稳机理的影响较小;蜗壳的非对称结构导致流场重新分布,在距离蜗舌顺时针90°~135°位置出口壁面回流与入口回流相互作用,是诱发失稳扰动产生的主要因素。     

低速离心压气机的全工况数值模拟和校核

本文选用不同的计算模型和网格数目在全流量域对NASA低速离心压气机进行了数值模拟,通过与实验数据的对比检验了计算结果的精度,为具有无叶扩压器结构的低压离心压气机确定了合理的计算方案。同时通过计算结果的观察和对比,分析了小流量下叶轮内部流场的部分变化特征。     

无叶扩压段型线对离心压气机性能的影响

本文设计了无叶扩压段轮盖侧型线,并采用CFD软件数值模拟了采用两种不同轮盖侧型线结构的离心压气机级．分析了无叶扩压段内部的流动结构和熵的分布．计算结果说明无叶扩压段轮盖侧型线对上游叶轮、下游叶片扩压器以及离心压气机级性能有较大影响．