空地激光通信链路功率与通信性能分析与仿真

分析了空地激光通信系统中主要器件和信道对通信光功率的影响,并根据接收探测器的信噪比和通信误码率公式,建立了空地激光通信仿真系统.分析了在误码率优于10-7条件下,不同地面大气能见度所对应的最高通信速率;以及要实现通信速率为1.5 GHz,误码率优于10-7时需要的最小发射功率和最长通信距离.结果表明,当发射功率越大时,地面大气能见度对误码率的影响越明显.     

量子直接通信

量子直接通信是量子通信中的一个重要分支, 它是一种不需要事先建立密钥而直接传输机密信息的新型通信模式. 本综述将介绍量子直接通信的基本原理, 回顾量子直接通信的发展历程, 从最早的高效量子直接通信协议、两步量子直接通信模型、量子一次一密直接通信模型等, 到抗噪声的量子直接通信模型以及基于单光子多自由度量子态及超纠缠态的量子直接通信模型, 最后介绍量子直接通信的研究现状并展望其发展未来.     

空间激光通信发展概述

介绍了激光通信的基本过程和链路类型。着重调研了欧州空间局、美国、德国、日本以及国内激光通信的最新发展概况,给出了一些已成功应用的激光通信终端的详尽技术参数,如通信波长、通信距离、通信速度误码率、应用目的等,突出了每一种仪器的特点和优势,并对其光机结构进行了详细分析和展示。通过分析国内外的研究状况,指出激光通信面临的关键技术问题,以及未来激光通信发展的趋势和方向,为激光通信设备及其相关领域的研究提供了一定的参考。     

电离层与电波通信

介绍了等离子体电波传播折影响，阐述了电磁波在等离子体中的截止现象，这就是电离层作为地面上短波无线电通信的反射层的原理，同时指出了截止频率与短波最大通信频率的差别及其相互间的关系。     

空间激光通信最新进展与发展趋势

空间激光通信凭借其带宽优势,成为未来高速空间通信不可或缺的有效手段,是近年来国际上的研究热点。本文详细介绍了美国、欧洲和日本在空间激光通信技术领域的最新研究进展和未来发展规划,总结了国内外空间激光通信演示计划的主要参数指标。通过对空间激光通信最新研究计划的分析,归纳出空间激光通信高速化、深空化、集成化、网络化、一体化5个发展趋势,以及需要突破的高阶调制、高灵敏度探测、多制式兼容、"一对多"通信等关键技术。为我国激光通信设备及相关研究提供借鉴和参考。     

量子通信

量子通信是经典通信和量子力学相结合的一门新兴交叉学科。文章综述了量子通信领域的研究进展，既包括人们所熟知的量子隐形传态、密集编码和量子密码学，也包括刚刚兴起但却有巨大潜力的量子通信复杂度和远程量子通信等领域。文章介绍了量子通信的基本理论框架，同时也涉及了这个领域最新的实验研究的进展。     

激光通信原理和技术

激光,是20世纪人类科学最伟大的成就之一。激光一词,来源于英文laser,意即受激辐射光放大。借助于“光泵”,使激活介质的粒子吸收能量后跃迁到高能态,以实现粒子数分布的     

现代信息安全与混沌保密通信应用研究的进展

本文首先概述现代保密通信及网络信息安全的主要概念和发展状况 ,对迄今发展的几种现代著名密码算法进行分析比较 ;然后综述国际上已经提出的一些典型的混沌保密通信方案及其应用研究的新发展。从通信角度 ,为了向实用化方向发展 ,我们将混沌通信研究中常用的混沌遮掩、混沌开关、混沌调制三种主要技术方案 ,按照实际应用需要 ,重新把它们分类为三种主要形式 ,即模 模通信、模 数 模通信和数 数通信 ,这样便于实际应用 ,易于借鉴已有知识分析各类通信的性能优劣。在评述性分析了当前国际上三种混沌保密通信方式的典型方案及其进展后 ,最后简要总结混沌保密通信的一些关键技术 ,指出今后值得研究的方向 ,并展望了混沌通信的应用前景。     

Monitoring heart and respiratory rates at radial artery based on PPG

To develop an apparatus for simultaneous monitoring of heart and respiratory rates using photoplethysmography (PPG) and Fast Fourier Transform algorithm (FFT), the PPG waveform was measured at the radial artery with an original based on diffuse reflectance mode photoplethysmographic device. An FFT algorithm was used to extract heart and respiratory information from the PPG waveform. The results good agree with conventional method. The correlation coefficient of heart rate and respiratory rate obtained using PPG waveform and conventional method is 0.988 and 0.976, respectively. The PPG waveform and FFT algorithm can contribute to quicker and more accurate measurement of human heart rate and respiration rate. A portable watch-like device can be made via this method and be utilized to monitor heart and respiratory rates in hospitals or daily life care.     

Renewal Sequences and Intermittency

In this paper we examine the generating function (z) of a renewal sequence arising from the distribution of return times in the turbulent region for a class of piecewise affine interval maps introduced by Gaspard and Wang and studied by several authors. We prove that it admits a meromorphic continuation to the entire complex z-plane with a branch cut along the ray (1, +). Moreover, we compute the asymptotic behavior of the coefficients of its Taylor expansion at z=0. From this, we obtain the exact polynomial asympotics for the rate of mixing when the invariant measure is finite and of the scaling rate when it is infinite.     

量子密钥分配系统中的通信速率和误码率

基于通信速率和误码率在量子保密通信研究中的重要性, 采用1.55 μm上转换单光子探测器, 分析其量子效率随抽运功率的变化关系, 得出1.55 μm上转换单光子探测器较传统的铟镓砷二极管具有较高的量子效率和较低暗计数的优势, 并根据通信距离、上转换单光子探测器的量子效率和暗计数之间建立一种平衡, 得出每种距离上探测器的优化方案; 在考虑个体攻击无量子记忆的条件下, 比较BB84协议, BBM92协议和差分相移协议的量子密钥分配(QKD)系统的安全通信速率和误码率随通信距离的变化关系, 得出了差分相移键控协议的量子密钥分配系统是一个非常实用的, 通信距离大于200 km的很有吸引力的长距离量子密钥分配系统。     

Variation of radon concentrations in soil and groundwater and its correlation with radon exhalation rate from soil in Budhakedar, Garhwal Himalaya

Radon was measured in soil-gas and groundwater in the Budhakedar area of Tehri Garhwal, India in summer and winter to obtain the seasonal variation and its correlation with radon exhalation rate. The environmental surface gamma dose rate was also measured in the same area. The radon exhalation rate in the soil sample collected from different geological unit of Budhakedar area was measured using plastic track detector (LR-115 type II) technique. The variation in the radon concentration in soil-gas was found to vary from 1098 to 31,776 Bq.m⁻³ with an average of 7456 Bq.m⁻³ in summer season and 3501 to 42883 Bq.m⁻³ with an average of 17148 Bq.m⁻³ in winter season. In groundwater, it was found to vary from 8 to 3047 Bq.l⁻¹ with an average value 510 Bq.l⁻¹ in summer and 26 to 2311 Bq.l⁻¹ with an average value 433 Bq.L⁻¹ in winter. Surface gamma dose rate in the study area varied from 32.4 to 83.6 μR.h⁻¹ with an overall mean of 58.7 μ-R.h⁻¹ in summer and 34.6 to 79.3 μR.h⁻¹ with an average value 58.2 μR.h⁻¹ in winter. Radon exhalation rate from collected soil samples was found to vary from 0.1 × 10⁻⁵ to 5.7 × 10⁻⁵ Bq.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹ with an average of 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ Bq.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹ in summer season and 1.7 × 10⁻⁵ to 9.6 × 10⁻⁵ Bq.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹ with an average of 5.5 × 10⁻⁵ Bq.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹. A weak negative correlation was observed between radon exhalation rate from soil and radon concentration in the soil. Radon exhalation rate from the soil was also not found to be correlated with the gamma dose rate, while it shows a positive correlation with radon concentration in water in summer season. Inter-correlations among various parameters are discussed in detail.      

基于PPG的心率和呼吸频率的测量研究

利用光电容积脉搏波描记法(PhotoPlethysmoGraphy,PPG)测量人体生理参数具有操作简单、性能稳定和适应性强等优点.采用反射式光电测量法获得桡动脉PPG信号,对PPG信号做快速傅里叶变换,分析频域实现人体心率和呼吸频率的检测.实验结果表明利用快速傅里叶变换获得的心率和呼吸频率与监护仪获得的相应数据之间有...     

单丝及多丝Z箍缩的X射线背光成像

基于X箍缩软X射线辐射点源对单丝及多丝Z箍缩发展过程进行了背光成像研究,实验平台为清华大学电机系研制的脉冲功率装置PPG-Ⅰ（500 kV/400 kA/100 ns）。成像光路安排为:作为X射线源的X箍缩和作为目标物的单丝或多丝（双丝）Z箍缩分别安装在装置的输出主电极阴阳极之间或回流导电杆处,成像胶片采用高分辨力、高灵敏度的X射线胶片。利用自行设计的电流传感器和罗氏线圈对目标物实际流过的电流进行监测。为了测定目标物金属细丝的质量消融率,设计了m级厚度的阶梯光楔。通过大量成像实验,获取了Z箍缩等离子体融合、先驱等离子体形成及不稳定性发展等过程的相关物理图像以及质量消融率、丝芯膨胀率等重要定量参数。     

Spatiotemporal measurements of flame stretch and propagation rates for lean and rich CH4/air premixed flames interacting with a turbulent-wake

A 1.5 m long turbulent-wake combustion vessel with a 0.15 m × 0.15 m cross-sectional area is proposed for spatiotemporal measurements of curvature, strain, dilatation and burning rates along a freely downward-propagating premixed flame interacting with a parallel row of staggered vortex pairs having both compression (negative) and extension (positive) strains simultaneously. The wanted wake is generated by rapidly withdrawing an electrically-controlled, horizontally-oriented sliding plate of 5 mm thickness for flame–wake interactions. Both rich and lean CH₄/air flames at the equivalence ratios  = 1.4 and  = 0.7 with nearly the same laminar burning velocity are studied, where flame–wake interactions and their time-dependent velocity fields are obtained by high-speed, high-resolution DPIV and laser-tomography. Correlations among curvature, strain, stretch, and dilatation rates along wrinkled flame fronts at different times are measured and thus their influences on front propagation rates can be analyzed. It is found that strain-related effects have significant influence on front propagation rates of rich CH₄/air (diffusionally stable) flames even when the curvature weights more in the total stretch than the strain rate does. The local propagation rates along the wrinkled flame front are more intense at negative strain rates corresponding to positive peak dilatation rates but the global propagation rate averaged along the rich flame front remains constant during all period of flame–wake interaction. For lean CH₄/air (diffusionally unstable) flames, the curvature becomes a dominant parameter influencing the structure and propagation of the wrinkled flame front, where both local and global propagation rates increase significantly with time, showing unsteady flame propagation. These experimental results suggest that the theory of laminar flame stretch can be applicable to a more complex flame–wake interaction involving unsteadiness and multitudinous interactions between vortices.     

基于相干叠加态的非正交编码诱骗态量子密钥分发

非正交编码协议和诱骗态方法可以有效地抵御光子数分离攻击. 由于相干叠加态中单光子成分高达90%, 常作为单光子量子比特的替代出现, 用于量子信息过程处理和计算. 本文结合非正交编码协议和诱骗态方法提出一种新的量子密钥分发方案, 光源采用相干叠加态, 推导了单光子的密钥生成速率、计数率下限和误码率的上限, 利用Matlab 模拟了无限多诱骗态情况下和有限多诱骗态情况下密钥生成速率和传输距离的关系, 得出该方案可以提升密钥生成速率并且提高安全传输距离, 验证了该方案可以进一步提高量子密钥分发系统的性能.     

Influence of Food Restriction and Compensatory Growth on Protein Synthesis and Breakdown in Growing Rats

The experiment was carried out with 24 male albino rats (5 weeks old, live weight 79 ± 5.1 g) divided into 2 groups. Gr. 1 (control group) was fed the commercial breeding food Ssniff with 22.4% crude protein ad lib., Gr. 2 (test group) for the first fortnight a mixture of the breeding food/cellulose 60/40 (restriction period) and subsequently for the second fortnight (compensatory period) also the breeding food ad lib. During both of these periods an 8 day N balance trial and a 4 day ¹⁵N tracer trial were included for estimation of growth rate and protein synthesis rate. Protein synthesis was ascertained by the endproduct method (oral application, single dose, mixture of 12 ¹⁵N-labelled amino acids); protein breakdown was calculated as the difference of protein synthesis rate and growth rate. The estimated rates were converted into fractional ones by referring to the body N content of corresponding animals. From the results of this experiment is concluded: The smaller N balance during moderate nutritional restriction can be attributed to a decrease of protein synthesis. The compensatory growth of the animals during the realimentation period is caused by an increase of protein synthesis and the enhanced protein conversion. Protein degradation is nearly unaffected.     

掺铒光纤放大器稳态增益和瞬态增益分析

本文从描述掺铒光纤放大器的速率方程和传播方程出发,得到了稳态增益的解析表达式,并详细分析了基态和受激态离子对信号光变化的响应规律,用以说明瞬态增益的良好线性.