微小非球面玻璃透镜超精密模压成型数值模拟

利用非线性有限元软件MSC.Marc,建立了微小非球面玻璃透镜超精密模压的有限元模型,并进行了微小非球面玻璃透镜模压数值模拟分析.通过对比模拟出的不同加工参量下的成型透镜和模具的残余应力分布结果,得出最优的超精密模压成型的模压速率和模压温度范围,并解释了模压速率和模压温度影响微小非球面玻璃透镜成型质量的原因.模拟可以对实际的大批量生产微小非球面玻璃透镜提供有力的帮助.     

采用非接触式预热对模压红外透镜雾斑的影响

非球面红外透镜模压成型时,通过提高成型阶段温度可缩短透镜压切时间,从而提高模压效率,但易在透镜表面产生雾斑,像造透镜不良。本文通过对透镜雾斑的形成机理进行分析,采用一种非接触式预热模压工艺降低透镜雾斑的形成,并在多站式模压机上进行模压实验,使用能谱仪对雾斑的元素进行检测和分析。在本次模压实验中采用非接触式预热方式,当预热间隙为1 mm时将成型温度由206℃提升至211℃,透镜表面无雾斑生成,并使压切时间缩短了21 s。实验结果表明,在多站式模压中采用非接触式预热方式,可以有效消除透镜雾斑的形成。检测结果表明,成型阶段透镜材料的挥发对雾斑的形成起主导作用。     

小口径非球面加工技术及装备综述

小口径非球面零件是一种非常重要的光学零件。介绍了国内外小口径非球面超精密加工技术的发展现状和装备。对单点金刚石车削、超精密磨削、透镜成型、超精密铣削和特种加工技术进行了综述。指出了小口径非球面加工的发展趋势和产业化需要解决的问题。     

硫系玻璃衍射面模压成型仿真分析与实验研究

为了减小玻璃模压工艺中硫系玻璃衍射光学元件的面形误差,对衍射结构的填充效果和衍射光学元件的应力进行研究。建立了局部衍射结构有限元仿真分析模型,分析了模压温度、模压速度、摩擦系数等因素对衍射结构填充效果和应力的影响,并在仿真结果的指导下进行实验研究,实验结果表明衍射结构的填充效果和应力对面形均有影响,衍射结构填充得越充分、应力越小,成型透镜的面形精度越高,最终得到的成型透镜面形误差为0.3053μm,表面粗糙度Ra为2.95 nm。     

小非球面零件制造技术的最新进展

非球面零件在光学仪器小型化、集成化的发展中起着非常重要的作用。用模压成形方法生产小尺寸非球面透镜是最经济、重复性最好的方法。本文主要讨论了模压玻璃非球面透镜的材料选择、模具制造等问题。     

玻璃光学元件精密模压成形技术

介绍了玻璃光学元件精密模压成形技术的原理、玻璃材料、模具制造、模具表面镀膜、结合有限元仿真的模压工艺优化和模压成形设备等核心技术的研究进展,并讨论了当前存在的问题。通过探讨玻璃模压成形技术在自由曲面、微结构、衍射结构表面和晶圆阵列等光学元件中的应用现状,对玻璃元件精密模压成形技术的发展趋势和挑战进行了展望。     

非球面透镜模压成型仿真技术

综述了目前光学玻璃模压成型技术状况,介绍了用于模压玻璃材料特点、材料参数的温度相关性及其在模压过程中所表现粘弹性力学特性,探讨了用于玻璃模压仿真中一些理论模型,包括力学模型、热传递、结构松弛模型及接触模型,并对模压仿真技术的应用情况进行了简要归纳与总结,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。     

光学微透镜阵列模压成形研究进展与展望

光学微透镜阵列在光学系统中的应用广泛,需求量大,而玻璃模压成形技术是最高效的微透镜阵列量产加工方法,具有精度高,一致性好,生产成本低等特点,有重要的应用研究价值。本文介绍了光学微透镜阵列的设计原理,模具制造技术,模压成形技术及相应检测技术;重点介绍了微透镜阵列模压成形试验与有限元仿真研究的最新进展;最后对微透镜模压成形发展前景进行了展望,包括微透镜阵列模压材料,模具表面镀层技术及超声复合加工技术在微透镜阵列模压成形中的应用等。     

衍射光学元件精密模压模具设计及预补偿

衍射光学元件较球面、非球面光学元件在校正色差方面具备较大优势,尤其是在红外光学领域,应用衍射光学元件可进一步增加光学系统的设计自由度。随着红外光学市场的进一步增大,常规的衍射光学金刚石车削技术难以满足大规模需求,精密模压技术成为解决上述问题的关键技术。模具设计是实现精密模压的重点,为了缩减模具设计周期,该文采用有限元仿真方法对模具进行预先设计及补偿,并试加工。采用单站式精密模压机对设计的模具进行了精密模压试验。模压试验结果表明:采用合理的工艺参数,能够实现衍射光学元件面形精度PV达到0.56 μm,位置误差<0.011 mm,环带高度误差<0.12 μm,验证了仿真预先补偿在衍射光学模具设计中的有效性。     

最近非球面光学系统的生产技术

<正> 袖珍唱盘即所谓的CD用的精密非球面透镜现月产约达100万件,这是几年前还不敢设想的技术和生产量,可以说这是日本独有的新生产业。这种技术并不只局限于CD,而且还广泛应用于记忆装置的光盘中。在塑料、无机光学玻璃的精密非球面模压成型技术方面也有不少引人注目的进展,它需要有更尖端的加工技术和检测技术。在光学系统中引入非球面后,有时会使球面组合时难以做到的:消像差变得简单易行。换言知,由球面组合的相当复杂的系统,引入     

Strong-Superstrong Transition in Glass Transition of Metallic Glass

Dynamic fragility of bulk metallic glass （BMG） of Zr64Cu16Ni10Al10 alloy is studied by three-point beam bending methods. The fragility parameter mfor Zr64Cu16Ni10Al10 BMG is calculated to be 24.5 at high temperature, which means that the liquid is a ＂strong＂ liquid, while to be 13.4 at low temperature which means that the liquid is a ＂super-strong＂ liquid. The dynamical behavior of Zr64Cu16Ni10Al10 BMG in the supercooled region undergoes a strong to super-strong transition. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a strong-to-superstrong transition is found in the metallic glass. Using small angle x-ray scattering experiments, we find that this transition is assumed to be related to a phase separation process in supercooled liquid.     

A Topological Glass

We propose and study a model with glassy behavior. The state space of the model is given by all triangulations of a sphere with n nodes, half of which are red and half are blue. Red nodes want to have 5 neighbors while blue ones want 7. Energies of nodes with other numbers of neighbors are supposed to be positive. The dynamics is that of flipping the diagonal of two adjacent triangles, with a temperature dependent probability. We show that this system has an approach to a steady state which is exponentially slow, and show that the stationary state is unordered. We also study the local energy landscape and show that it has the hierarchical structure known from spin glasses. Finally, we show that the evolution can be described as that of a rarefied gas with spontaneous generation of particles and annihilating collisions.     

Magnetoelectric Coupling Induced Electric Dipole Glass State in Heisenberg Spin Glass

Multiferroic behavior in an isotropic Heisenberg spin glass with Gaussian random fields, incorporated by magneto-electric coupling derived from the Landau symmetry argument, are investigated. Electric dipole glass transitions at finite temperature, due to coupling, are demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulation. This electric dipole glass state is solely ascribed to the coupling term with chiral symmetry of the magnetization, while the term associated with the spatial derivative of the squared magnetization has no contribution.     

钕玻璃片状放大器玻璃腔的概念设计

针对片状放大器片腔的洁净度问题,提出一种钕玻璃片状放大器玻璃腔的设计方案.选用滤紫外石英玻璃作为主框架的材料,对玻璃腔的结构和密封方案进行设计,并利用玻璃腔外表面镀金属材料的方式进行遮光.采用神光Ⅱ升级主放和100片状放大器进行不同腔体的洁净度对比试验,结果表明玻璃腔的洁净度较不锈钢腔提高了近70%.运用光学高级系统分析程序对玻璃腔进行光线追迹,其钕玻璃泵浦比例提高了8.84%.该方案不仅能减少腔内气溶胶的产生,还能提高钕玻璃泵浦比例.     

Glass fiber image converter

The principle of operation of a glass-fiber image converter is outlined. Calculations are made indicating that a Perot-Fabry interferometer used with the image converter and an electro-optical amplifier gives an increased relative aperture, compared with the usual setup which consists of the interferometer with a diaphragm and a photomultiplier. Some results obtained with an experimental image-converter sample and the technique of manufacturing such converters are described.The authors express their gratitude to the laboratory assistant R.P. Rebezovaya, who helped in sorting and arranging the fibers.     

A Modified Glass Formation Criterion for Various Glass Forming Liquids with Higher Reliability

A modified indicator of the glass forming ability （GFA） from the previous 7 = Tx/（Tl ＋ Tg） for various glass forming liquids is proposed based on a conceptual approach which combines more acceptable physical metallurgy views in terms of the time-temperature-transformation diagrams. It is found that the glass forming ability for glass forming liquids is closely associated mainly with two factors, i.e. （2Tx - Tg） and Tl （wherein Tx is the onset crystallization temperature, Tg the glass transition temperature, and Tl the liquidus temperature）, and could be predicated by a unified parameter γm defined as （2Tx - Tg）/Tl. This approach is confirmed and validated by experimental data in various glass forming systems including oxide glasses, cryoprotectants and metallic glasses, which all shows a higher reliability when their glass forming ability is predicted by the modified parameter.