浓硝酸处理碳纳米管对4-硝基苯酚的吸附性能研究

本文采用浓硝酸氧化法来改性多壁碳纳米管,用Raman光谱、SEM和分光光度计对改性前后的多壁碳纳米管对4-硝基苯酚溶液的吸附能力进行了比较研究。Raman光谱和SEM分析表明浓硝酸处理使碳纳米管端口打开,管变短,并且在表面引入了羟基、羧基等酸性官能团。采用分光光度计测定溶液浓度,计算出浓硝酸处理前后多壁碳纳米管对不同浓度4-硝基苯酚的吸附效率,实验结果表明经浓硝酸处理后的多壁碳纳米管的吸附效率有较大的提高。     

合成季铵盐阳离子双子表面活性剂反应机理的红外光谱研究

用红外光谱对合成季铵盐阳离子双子表面活性剂的反应机理进行研究,总结和归属了反应中间体以及产物的主要红外吸收谱带和特征,分析比较了反应过程中原料、中间体和产物之间红外光谱的变化,研究发现反应前后的红外光谱变化较大,可以作为鉴别产物是否生成的依据。     

CTMAB-Al复合改性蒙脱石的表征及应用

以钠基蒙脱石（Na-MMT）为原料,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）预先改性,再用羟基铝柱撑液改性,制备不同CTMAB用量的复合改性蒙脱石（CTMAB-Al-MMT）,用于同时吸附水中苯酚和镉离子.复合改性蒙脱石用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）表征.结果表明,CTMAB和羟基铝阳离子已有效进入蒙脱石层间,层间距随CTMAB加载量增大而增加,吸附率随CTMAB加载量增大有明显提高.当复合改性蒙脱石用量为0.1g/50mL,吸附时间2h,pH=10时,苯酚吸附率达92.1％,镉离子吸附率达98.8％.     

几种新型手性季铵盐-卟啉化合物的合成与表征(Ⅰ)

本文合成了四个新的Ｎ－甲基麻黄素或奎宁手性季铵盐－卟啉化合物,并用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱确定了其结构。     

柠檬渣吸附污水中Hg~(2+)的动力学研究

由于农业废弃物价格低廉,改性后吸附性能优越等优点,目前利用农业废弃物制作吸附剂吸附污水中的重金属逐渐成为研究热点。为了研究柠檬渣对污水中Hg2+的吸附动力学,利用15%硫酸对柠檬渣进行了改性,测试了吸附剂的孔容与孔径等性能,并利用差热分析、红外光谱、电镜和能谱对样品进行了表征。结果表明改性柠檬渣吸附Hg2+的吸附速率由膜扩散控制,符合膜扩散中Lagergren一级动力学方程,该吸附过程主要为物理吸附。改性后的柠檬渣吸附性能有较大改善,孔径分布主要是中孔;有三个失重过程,在66℃左右有一个吸热峰,在316和494℃左右有两个放热峰。吸附前后并柠檬渣的基本框架没改变;样品属于无定型结构。改性柠檬渣表面疏松、多孔,能有效吸附Hg2+。     

季铵盐型纳米气相二氧化硅衍生物的合成、表征及生物学活性

以纳米气相SiO₂为载体,以γ- 氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷作偶联剂,用N,N-二甲基十四烷基叔胺进行了季铵化反应制备季铵盐型纳米气相二氧化硅衍生物。用红外光谱,DSC和激光粒度Zeta电位仪对纳米气相二氧化硅季铵盐衍生物进行了表征和测定,用悬菌定量实验(Suspension quantitative test)研究了其抗菌性能。结果表明：(1) γ- 氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷通过与纳米气相二氧化硅表面羟基的反应键合到二氧化硅表面,随着γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的用量增加,纳米气相二氧化硅表面羟基被取代程度也增加;(2)纳米气相二氧化硅的零电位在pH 4.8,纳米气相二氧化硅季铵盐衍生物的零电位在pH 10.5,季铵盐的引入使其零电位发生了较大的位移;(3)所制备的纳米气相二氧化硅季铵盐衍生物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及白色念珠菌在振荡作用15 min后,平均抑菌率分别为99.99%,99.99%和94.12%。     

季铵盐型魔芋葡甘聚糖衍生物的合成、表征及生物学活性

以魔芋葡甘聚糖为载体,以硝酸铈铵作引发剂,用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-十四烷基-二甲基溴化铵为活性单体进行接枝共聚反应制备季铵盐型魔芋葡甘聚糖衍生物。用核磁共振,红外光谱,DSC和激光粒度Zeta电位仪对接枝产物进行了表征和测定,用悬菌定量实验研究了其抗菌性能。结果表明：(1)甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-十四烷基-二甲基溴化铵通过其双键接枝到魔芋葡甘聚糖表面,接枝率随着季铵盐单体的用量增加而提高;(2)魔芋葡甘聚糖的零电位在pH 4.5,魔芋葡甘聚糖季铵盐衍生物的零电位在pH 9.9,季铵基的引入使其零电位发生了较大的位移;(3)所制备的魔芋葡甘聚糖季铵盐衍生物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及白色念珠菌在振荡作用15 min后,平均杀菌率分别为99.99％,99.99％和98.13％。     

三氯苯酚在TiO_2(101)面吸附特征的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函理论,研究了三氯苯酚(TCP)在锐钛矿型TiO_2(101)晶面的吸附特征,优化得到了四种稳定的吸附构型,计算了最佳吸附位点、吸附能、电荷密度等.研究发现:四种稳定吸附构型都具有化学吸附特征,并且当三氯苯酚羟基上的氢原子被吸附在TiO_2(101)晶面的三配位的氧原子上时,吸附能最大,吸附结构最稳定,吸附位相邻的C-C键长和C-Cl键长均有增加,键得到了活化,从而增加了该位置断键的可能性.本研究工作将为后续三氯苯酚的开环降解研究提供理论依据.     

高效脱汞吸附剂的脱汞机理研究

将廉价的生物质竹炭进行KI化学改性,在小型实验台架上研究了改性竹炭的的汞脱除性能,并对改性前后的样品进行了XPS表征和热分析以研究表面官能团在改性过程中的转化规律和脱汞机理。结果表明:碘化学改性竹炭具有超强的脱汞能力,改性后竹炭具有更多的利于脱汞的官能团,其主要靠化学吸附脱汞。     

单壁碳纳米管吸附对三联苯的研究

利用对三联苯对单壁碳纳米管进行了化学修饰,并利用透射电镜、紫外可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱对修饰后的单壁碳纳米管进行了表征分析.通过对比吸附前后的紫外可见吸收光谱发现,吸附后的光谱强度大约下降63.1%,说明单壁碳纳米管吸附上了对三联苯.通过拉曼光谱分析发现,吸附后单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱中主要峰的位置向长波方向移动了6～7 cm-1,认为拉曼光谱发生移动的原因是单壁碳纳米管吸附对三联苯前后状态的改变导致的.     

Dosimetric comparison of water phantoms,ion chambers,and data acquisition modes for LINAC characterization

PurposeIn this study a dosimetric comparison utilizing continuous data acquisition and discrete data acquisition is examined using IBA Blue Phantom (IBA Dosimetry, Schwarzenbruck, Germany) and PTW (PTW, Freiberg, Germany) MP3-M water tanks. The tanks were compared according to several factors including set up time, ease of use, and data acquisition times. A tertiary objective is to study the response of several ionization chambers in the two tanks examined.MethodsMeasurements made using a Varian 23EX LINAC (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) include PDDs and beam profiles for various field sizes with IBA CC13, PTW Semiflex 31010, PTW Pinpoint N31016, and PTW 31013 ion chambers for photons (6, 18 MV) and electrons (6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 MeV). Radial and transverse profile scans were done at depths of maximum dose, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm using the same set of tanks and detectors for the photon beams. Radial and transverse profile scans were done at depth of maximum dose for the electron beams on the same tanks and chambers. Data processing and analysis was performed using PTW's MEPHYSTO Navigator software and IBA's OmniPro Accept version 6.6 for the respective water tank systems.ResultsPDD values agree to within 1% and dmax to within 1 mm for the PTW MP3-M tank using PTW 31010 and Blue Phantom using IBA CC13 chamber, respectively and larger discrepancy with the PTW PinPoint N31016 chamber at 6 MV. With respect to setup time the PTW MP3-M and IBA Blue phantom tank took about 20 and 40 min, respectively. Scan times were longer by 5–15 min per field size in the PTW MP3-M tank for the square field sizes from 1 cm to 40 cm as compared to the IBA Blue phantom. However, data processing times were higher by 7 min per field size with the IBA system.ConclusionsTank measurements showed little deviation with the higher energy photons as compared to the lower energy photons with regards to the PDD measurements. Chamber construction as well as tank set up may be causing the slight deviation in data. It is important to identify the exact source of the potential errors to ensure that proper tank usage is performed when making such measurements to ensure that patient safety is in compliance. Beam profiles done with different chambers and tanks showed little to no deviation from one to another. With regards to continuous versus discrete data measurements the main difference was in the data processing technique used. Discrete data obtained required less data processing as compared to the continuous data acquired.     

Exploring the Implementation of Steganography Protocols on Quantum Audio Signals

Two quantum audio steganography (QAS) protocols are proposed, each of which manipulates or modifies the least significant qubit (LSQb) of the host quantum audio signal that is encoded as an FRQA (flexible representation of quantum audio) audio content. The first protocol (i.e. the conventional LSQb QAS protocol or simply the cLSQ stego protocol) is built on the exchanges between qubits encoding the quantum audio message and the LSQb of the amplitude information in the host quantum audio samples. In the second protocol, the embedding procedure to realize it implants information from a quantum audio message deep into the constraint-imposed most significant qubit (MSQb) of the host quantum audio samples, we refer to it as the pseudo MSQb QAS protocol or simply the pMSQ stego protocol. The cLSQ stego protocol is designed to guarantee high imperceptibility between the host quantum audio and its stego version, whereas the pMSQ stego protocol ensures that the resulting stego quantum audio signal is better immune to illicit tampering and copyright violations (a.k.a. robustness). Built on the circuit model of quantum computation, the circuit networks to execute the embedding and extraction algorithms of both QAS protocols are determined and simulation-based experiments are conducted to demonstrate their implementation. Outcomes attest that both protocols offer promising trade-offs in terms of imperceptibility and robustness.     

Surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide to improve its dispersion in organic phase by the ultrasonic technique

Micron magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)₂] was modified by means of ultrasonic method with stearic acid (SA) as modifier in water. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and element analysis showed all SA was bonded upon the surface of the Mg(OH)₂ forming a coating layer and no free SA was detected after the modifying process. The thickness of coating SA on the Mg(OH)₂ was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Compared with the unmodified Mg(OH)₂, the modified Mg(OH)₂ had better dispersion property in xylene, slower sedimentation velocity of dilute suspension in xylene and lower viscosity of suspension in paraffin liquid. The results showed that the modified Mg(OH)₂ could be dispersed much better than the unmodified Mg(OH)₂ in organic phase.     

Modified wide radiating lenses of the power-chip light emitting diodes for a direct-lit backlight

Modified wide radiating lenses of the power-chip light emitting diodes (LEDs) for a direct-lit backlight unit of a liquid crystal display (LCD) are numerically investigated. To improve the optical properties of the backlight, the lens of the Golden DRAGON^® ARGUS^® LED, the cluster of LEDs, and the cluster arrangement for the 32-in bottom-lit backlight unit of a LCD are modified and verified by optical tracing simulation software. First, the central section shape is modified and analyzed to reduce the angular luminous intensity in the small angle range. The results show that the modifying lens method can effectively realize the aim. Then, several LEDs with the modified lenses are put in 32-in backlight. It is shown that the uniformity and efficiency of the new backlight are obviously better than the ones of the original type.     

Sensitive electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of one-bead-one-compound peptide libraries labeled by quaternary ammonium salts

A rapid and straightforward method for high-throughput analysis of single resin beads from one-bead-one-compound combinatorial libraries with high resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR ESI-MS/MS) is presented. The application of an efficient method of peptide derivatization by quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) formation increases ionization efficiency and reduces the detection limit, allowing analysis of trace amounts of compounds by ESI-MS. Peptides, synthesized on solid support, contain a new cleavable linker composed of a Peg spacer (9-aza-3,6,12,15-tetraoxa-10-on-heptadecanoic acid), lysine with ?-amino group marked by the N,N,N-triethylglycine salt, and methionine, which makes possible the selective cleavage by cyanogen bromide. Even a small portion of peptides derivatized by QAS cleaved from a single resin bead is sufficient for sequencing by HR ESI-MS/MS experiments. The developed strategy was applied to a small training library of α chymotrypsin substrates. The obtained results confirm the applicability of the proposed method in combinatorial chemistry.     

Optical properties of a waveguide written inside a LiTaO3 crystal by irradiation with focused femtosecond laser pulses

Optical waveguides were fabricated by modifying the optical properties inside a LiTaO₃ crystal by irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses, and the performance and optical properties of the waveguide were investigated. On the basis of near-field pattern of the light guided through the waveguides, the optimum writing conditions such as the pulse energy and the pulse duration were determined. The waveguide written inside a LiTaO₃ crystal had a strong polarization dependence of guided light. Observation by a polarized microscope suggested that the stress distribution around the photoexcited region should be responsible for the polarization dependence of guided light. In addition, the second harmonic generation from a laser beam passing through the waveguide was observed, which suggests that the ferroelectric properties of LiTaO₃ were preserved after the photoexcitation.     

微光和红外融合装备分辨力测试方法研究

在对微光装备分辨力测试和红外装备MRTD测试系统进行分析的基础上,提出了微光和红外融合装备的分辨力测试方案,利用现有的红外MRTD测试系统,通过改造光源、光源的入射光路和靶板,建立了微光与红外融合图像的图像分辨力测试系统,并对该方案进行了分析。分析结果表明,改造后的测试系统同时实现对红外的反射和对微光的透射,对红外温差的测量精度接近0.01 K,对微光照度的测试精度可以达到1 lx, 对融合图像分辨力的测试满足1/62≈0.891的倍数递减要求。     

Research on the Raman properties of NiFe/cicada wing composite SERS platform modified by silver nanoparticles

Composite structures have been widely concerned in the preparation of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. In this paper, by solving the problem that the magnetic material was difficult to glow in magnetron sputtering, ferro-nickel (NiFe) alloy was deposited on the cicada wing (CW) and the NiFe/CW substrate was obtained. The results of sliver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) modified on the substrate were subsequently compared, and the SERS properties of the new Ag/NiFe/CW substrate were analyzed. Obviously, the intensity of SERS signals has been greatly improved after the modification of Ag NPs, and the substrate exhibits excellent reproducibility. The Ag NPs modified substrates were also applied to the detection of toxic crystal violet (CV) solution, which showed remarkable SERS activity. It has been proved that the strategy of modifying Ag NPs on the substrate to form a composite structure has great potential for improving the SERS performance of the substrate.     

Carbon Modified Silica based Adsorbent for Potential Application

The carbon modified silica adsorbents were prepared by synthesizing and modifying zeolite Y type with activated carbon. This paper reports on effects of activated carbon loadings on the methane and nitrogen adsorption, structure and properties of carbon modified zeolite Y. With the increase in activated carbon loadings, the surface area, pore size and pore volume of the activated carbon loaded zeolite Y adsorbent decreased. The intensity of the diffraction patterns of zeolite Y decreased after the activated carbon was loaded. With increasing activated carbon loadings, the intensity of diffraction peaks decreased. Adsorption capacity of nitrogen (N₂) was smaller than adsorption capacity of methane (CH₄) by using activated carbon modified silica. When activated carbon loadings 30% wt.%, adsorption capacity of methane and nitrogen was 12.9317 wt.% and 12.6115 wt.%, these were caused by difference in molecular weight. The molecular weight of nitrogen is bigger than molecular weight of methane.     

阴极修饰层对 SubPc/C60 倒置型有机太阳能电池性能的影响

采用Cs₂CO₃, 石墨烯(graphene):Cs₂CO₃混合材料和 ZnO 纳米颗粒作为阴极修饰材料, 研究了不同阴极界面修饰层对基于SubPc/C₆₀的倒置结构的有机太阳能电池性能的影响. 结果表明: 引入适当厚度的阴极修饰层, 可以提高器件的性能和稳定性; 尤其是基于Cs₂CO₃以及graphene:Cs₂CO₃混合阴极修饰层的光伏器件, 能量转换效率(PCE)提高了2倍; 同时, 采用ZnO纳米颗粒作为阴极修饰层的器件, 开路电压(V_OC)达到0.89 V, 并且器件的PCE 提高了4倍多. 此外, 不同电极修饰材料和倒置结构的引入可以有效防止器件串连电阻的升高, 从而提高器件的稳定性. 关键词： 倒置型 阴极修饰层 有机太阳能电池 稳定性