基于有序分割的支持向量机多分类方法

针对模拟电路多故障分类中存在拒识区域,分类效果不理想的问题,提出基于有序分割最佳偏二叉树结构的模拟电路故障诊断方法;首先分析多分类中分割次序对结果的影响,通过样本类中心欧式距离对故障分割进行排序,以此构造偏二叉树结构;然后对采样数据进行主成份分析降维压缩,最后采用支持向量机作为分类器,对故障数据进行分类;该方法可以使样本类间距离最大,提高了支持向量机模拟电路故障分类的效率和准确度;故障诊断结果表明文章提出的诊断方法在精度提高的情况下,所需训练时间和支持向量数目大大减少,更具稀疏性。     

多分类SVDD混叠域识别的模拟电路故障诊断

针对多分类支持向量域数据描述(SVDD)方法中混叠样本诊断精度差的问题,提出了一种带异类样本的多分类SVDD算法。该方法在普通SVDD超球模型基础上,对于存在混叠区域的类别,以该类所有样本为目标类,其他类与之混叠的样本为异类,利用带异类样本的SVDD算法重新训练,直至所有超球优化完毕。仿真实验验证了本文算法消除混叠和提高精度的能力,并将该算法应用于模拟电路故障诊断中。相较与SVDD多分类算法、一对一和一对多SVM算法,本文方法在模拟电路故障诊断中具有更高的诊断精度。     

基于支持向量机的机载吊舱故障诊断优化算法

提升机载吊舱的后勤保障能力,适应吊舱测试中多型号、多故障类型和测试环境动态变化的测试要求,是打赢现代化战争的重要保障。支持向量机（SVM）算法适用于小样本、高维度、非线性分类问题,SVM相关参数是影响算法性能的重要因素。基于K-CV算法和粒子群算法两种改进的SVM模型可以实现SVM参数优化,K-CV算法可以交叉验证优化模型参数,粒子群算法可以对SVM参数进行动态寻优,建立多核SVM吊舱故障诊断模型。两种算法都可以提高吊舱故障诊断模型的准确率,提高模型的学习能力和泛化能力,有效对吊舱的故障进行定量和定位诊断。     

基于深度置信网络的燃气轮机气路故障诊断方法

针对燃气轮机气路部件性能衰退故障,引入在深度学习领域取得重大突破的深度置信网络DBN。然而目前DBN中初始参数的选择大多依赖经验,没有形成完备的参数选择机制。针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于遗传算法自适应调整参数的深度置信网络优化算法。以三轴式燃气轮机为对象,将DBN优化算法与其他神经网络方法比较,结果表明DBN优化算法故障诊断平均精度可达88.3%,明显优于BP、RBF、ELM和SVM方法。增设高压压气机出口温度或压力传感器可显著提高燃气轮机故障诊断精度,在DBN优化算法下,故障诊断平均精度提升至98.4%。     

基于小波包分解和EMD-SVM的轴承故障诊断方法

针对轴承振动信号具有的非平稳和故障诊断样本数据难以按需获取的问题,设计了一种基于小波包分解和EMD-SVM的故障诊断方法。首先,采用Mallat塔式算法对信号进行降噪,实现信号的小波分解,获得重构后的故障诊断子频带信号。然后,在经典的EMD算法的基础上定义了改进的EMD算法,采用改进的EMD算法对经过小波包降噪的故障诊断子频带信号进行特征提取,从而获得故障诊断特征向量。最后,采用适合小样本分类的SVM进行故障诊断,将经过小波包降噪和EMD特征提取的样本数据用于训练SVM,得到用于故障诊断的多个二分类SVM故障诊断模型,通过投票机制来确定样本数据最终对应的故障诊断类别。在Matlab环境下对轴承故障诊断进行实验,实验结果证明了文中基于小波包和EMD-SVM的方法一种适用于小样本的故障诊断方法,且与其它方法相比,具有诊断效率高和精度高的优点。     

超像素级联SVM分类视盘分割算法北大核心CSCD

视盘和视杯的精确分割是青光眼计算机辅助诊断的关键,考虑视盘的解剖学特征,提出基于超像素和级联SVM分类实现视盘的精确分割。首先对眼底图像超像素分割,基于视盘的解剖学结构特征,提取超像素的灰度、纹理、几何、位置分布等特征;然后采用基于SVM的监督聚类方法分类超像素区域,两级级联SVM分类器在分类过程中修正超像素位置信息,提升分割精度;最后基于Snake模型修复局部轮廓。在DRIONS和REFUGE数据库视盘分割精度分别为99.87%和99.52%,精度、灵敏度、特异性、AOL和DICE系数均高于该领域典型算法,实验证明所提方法能够精确分割视盘区域,且具有较强的鲁棒性;在青光眼诊断中具有一定的应用价值。     

集成学习算法的红外光谱定量回归模型

近年来,深度学习在数据挖掘领域研究较多,深度学习中的集成学习算法也越来越多地应用到分类和定量回归中,但是,集成学习算法在红外光谱分析领域的应用研究较少。提出一种基于Blending模型融合的集成学习定量回归算法,利用GBDT算法、线性核支持向量机(LinearSVM)和径向基核支持向量机(RBF SVM)作为基学习器,将基学习器预测结果通过LinearSVM模型完成数据融合。以公开数据库中的药片和柴油近红外光谱数据为研究对象,首先对光谱数据进行一阶导数预处理,分别采用单核支持向量回归模型、GBDT模型和Blending集成学习模型,将模型预测结果进行分析比较。药片活性物含量和硬度性质采用RBF SVM模型的预测结果最优,RMSEP最小,RPD最大;其次为Blending集成学习模型;GBDT模型预测结果最差。药片质量采用Blending集成学习模型预测的R2最高,达到0.837 4;RBF SVM的RMSEP最小,为2.140 6,RPD最大,达到7.487 8;LinearSVM的预测结果最差。对于柴油沸点、闪点和总芳香烃三种性质,Blending模型预测效果最好,优于三种单模型预测结果。对于十六烷值,GBDT模型和RBF SVM模型预测结果优于Blending集成学习模型。对于密度,仅GBDT模型优于Blending集成模型,并且,使用单模型和集成模型的预测结果均较为理想,除了LinearSVM模型R2为0.944 5,其他模型R2均高于0.99。对于冰点的预测,RBF SVM和LinearSVM的预测效果优于Blending集成学习模型。对于黏性性质的预测,仅RBF SVM的预测效果优于Blending集成算法模型。由结果可以看出,由GBDT,LinearSVM和RBF SVM集成的Blending模型由于融合了单模型的特征,与单模型相比,预测效果较优或者最优,证明集成学习Blending模型用于红外光谱定量回归具有较强的适用性,且具有较高的预测精度和泛化能力,对于进一步研究集成学习算法在红外光谱定量回归中的应用具有重要的意义。     

基于深度学习的高分辨率遥感影像分类研究

针对高空间分辨率遥感影像的分类问题,提出了基于深度学习的分类方法。该方法通过非下采样轮廓波变换计算影像的纹理特征,利用深度学习的常用模型—深度信念网络(DBN)对高分辨率遥感影像进行了基于光谱-纹理特征的分类,并与基于单源光谱信息的DBN分类方法、支持向量机(SVM)分类方法、传统神经网络(NN)分类方法进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:相对于单源光谱信息,利用影像的光谱-纹理特征能够有效提高高分辨率遥感影像的分类精度;相对于SVM、NN等分类方法,DBN能够更加准确地挖掘高分辨率遥感影像的空间分布规律,提高分类的准确度。     

故障树知识在空分系统故障诊断推理中的应用

从某大型空分系统的故障诊断专家系统实例出发,提出了二叉故障树的概念,并结合膨胀机模块的某一故障现象,建立了二叉故障树的原型。以此为基础,着重研究了二叉故障树在专家系统中的计算机表示和基于故障树知识的诊断推理机制。     

基于HMM-SVM的模拟电路早期故障诊断

针对模拟电路在故障预测与健康管理（PHM）系统中早期故障识别率不高的问题,提出了一种基于隐马尔科夫模型（HMM）和支持向量机（SVM）相结合的模拟电路故障诊断方法,利用HMM对动态连续信号的较强识别能力和SVM良好的模式分类能力解决模拟电路早期故障诊断问题。采用主成分分析（PCA）和K-means聚类算法对故障数据进行数据降维和特征提取,建立HMM与 SVM相结合的诊断模型进行故障诊断。仿真实验表明,HMM-SVM能很好地识别模拟电路早期故障,并对模拟电路中元件小范围参数变化的状态识别,相较单一HMM模型具有更高的准确率。     

灰色极限学习机在滚动轴承故障预测中的应用

针对较强噪声环境下的滚动轴承故障预测问题,为提高轴承故障预测的精度,提出并研究了一种新的滚动轴承预测技术。采用将灰色模型和极限学习机（ELM）相结合的方法,针对轴承运行状态值的非线性特点,先将样本数据进行灰色处理,解决数据的随机性和波动性问题,然后代入学习速度快,泛化精度高的ELM神经网络进行训练。在训练完毕后,对未来的轴承运行状态数据进行分析,将其与轴承设备的理论诊断标准相比较以达到故障预测的目的。     

Sensor and Actuator Fault Diagnosis for Robot Joint Based on Deep CNN

This paper proposes a data-driven method-based fault diagnosis method using the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). The DCNN is used to deal with sensor and actuator faults of robot joints, such as gain error, offset error, and malfunction for both sensors and actuators, and different fault types are diagnosed using the trained neural network. In order to achieve the above goal, the fused data of sensors and actuators are used, where both types of fault are described in one formulation. Then, the deep convolutional neural network is applied to learn characteristic features from the merged data to try to find discriminative information for each kind of fault. After that, the fully connected layer does prediction work based on learned features. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed deep convolutional neural network model, different fault diagnosis methods including support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), conventional neural network (CNN) using the LeNet-5 method, and long-term memory network (LTMN) are investigated and compared with DCNN method. The results show that the DCNN fault diagnosis method can realize high fault recognition accuracy while needing less model training time.     

基于CEEMD特征提取的无绝缘轨道电路补偿电容故障诊断

本文利用电路网络理论和传输线理论构建ZPW-2000A轨道电路传输模型,仿真并分析了补偿电容故障对轨面电压的影响,提出基于互补的总体经验模式分解(CEEMD)特征提取的补偿电容故障诊断方法。实验结果表明,相比于传统经验模式分解(EMD)和总体经验模式分解(EEMD),基于CEEMD特征提取的补偿电容故障诊断方法可以有效地克服EMD方法引起的模态混叠和能量泄露现象,减少EEMD方法在信号重构过程中的白噪声残留,为补偿电容的故障诊断提供了一种快速准确的方法,为保证信号传输质量提供了参考依据。     

A New Deep Dual Temporal Domain Adaptation Method for Online Detection of Bearings Early Fault

With the quick development of sensor technology in recent years, online detection of early fault without system halt has received much attention in the field of bearing prognostics and health management. While lacking representative samples of the online data, one can try to adapt the previously-learned detection rule to the online detection task instead of training a new rule merely using online data. As one may come across a change of the data distribution between offline and online working conditions, it is challenging to utilize the data from different working conditions to improve detection accuracy and robustness. To solve this problem, a new online detection method of bearing early fault is proposed in this paper based on deep transfer learning. The proposed method contains an offline stage and an online stage. In the offline stage, a new state assessment method is proposed to determine the period of the normal state and the degradation state for whole-life degradation sequences. Moreover, a new deep dual temporal domain adaptation (DTDA) model is proposed. By adopting a dual adaptation strategy on the time convolutional network and domain adversarial neural network, the DTDA model can effectively extract domain-invariant temporal feature representation. In the online stage, each sequentially-arrived data batch is directly fed into the trained DTDA model to recognize whether an early fault occurs. Furthermore, a health indicator of target bearing is also built based on the DTDA features to intuitively evaluate the detection results. Experiments are conducted on the IEEE Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) Challenge 2012 bearing dataset. The results show that, compared with nine state-of-the-art fault detection and diagnosis methods, the proposed method can get an earlier detection location and lower false alarm rate.     

基于LM-BP神经网络的气阀故障诊断方法

提出一种基于LM（Levenberg-Marquardt）算法优化的 BP (Back Propagation)神经网络的多级往复式压缩机压缩机气阀故障诊断方法。以6M25-185/314氢氮气压缩机的 6级压差和6级温差作为网络的输入向量,建立可对往复式压缩机一至六级气阀故障进行在线监测及故障诊断的LM-BP神经网络模型。以100组故障数据作为网络训练样本,30组数据作为网络检测样本进行故障诊断,结果表明,LM-BP神经网络相比于变梯度BP神经网络和RBF神经网络诊断更快速稳定且准确率达到96%以上。利用Matlab软件平台建立的LM-BP 神经网络故障诊断模型,模型简单便于在工程实际中应用。     

基于强化学习和蚁群算法的WSN节点故障诊断

为了克服现有的WSN节点故障诊断方法所具有的难以实现在线诊断和诊断精度仍然不够高的缺点,设计了一种基于Sarsa算法和改进蚁群算法的WSN节点在线故障诊断方法。首先,建立了监测区域的网络模型和WSN节点故障诊断模型,然后,采用主成分分析法对节点故障样本数据进行降维,从而提高诊断效率,将样本数据作为层次,将故障诊断类作为各层节点建立层次树,采用改进的Sarsa算法求取各层节点的Q值,并将其用于初始化蚁群算法中路径的信息素,最后,提出了一种改进的蚁群算法求取从第一层出发的蚁群到各层节点之间的路径,将各层中信息素最大的节点作为最终的故障诊断类别。在Matlab环境下进行仿真实验,结果证明文中方法能有效实现WSN节点故障诊断,且与其它方法相比,具有故障诊断精确度高且能在线故障的优点,是一种有效的节点故障诊断方法。     

Hybrid network with difference degree and attention mechanism combined with radiomics (H-DARnet) for MVI prediction in HCC

MVI is a risk assessment factor related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after hepatectomy or liver transplantation. The goal of this paper is to study the preoperative diagnosis of microvascular invasion (MVI) by using a deep learning algorithm in non-contrast T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images instead of pathological images. Herein, an ensemble learning algorithm named H-DARnet—based on the difference degree and attention mechanism, combined with radiomics, for MVI prediction—is proposed. Our hybrid network combines the fine-grained, high-level semantic, and radiomics features and exhibits a rich multilevel-feature architecture composed of global-local-prior knowledge with suitable complementarity. The total loss function comprises two regularization items––the triplet and the cross-entropy loss function––which are selected for the triplet network and SE-DenseNet, respectively. The hard triplet sample selection strategy for a triplet network and data augmentation for small-scale liver image datasets in convolutional neural network (CNN) training is indispensable. For 200 patch level test samples (135 positive samples and 65 negative samples), our method can obtain the best prediction results, the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.826, 79.5% and 73.8%, respectively. The experiment results show that MVI can be predicted by using MRI images, and the proposed method is better than other deep learning algorithms and hand-crafted feature algorithms. The proposed ensemble learning algorithm is proved to be an effective method for MVI prediction.     

基于有色Petri网的工作流故障诊断方法

工作流系统的故障自动诊断和定位是云计算环境提供持续服务的基础。为了提高工作流系统的故障诊断准确性,本文提出了一种基于有色Petri网的故障诊断方法。首先,用开放世系模型对工作流进行建模。然后,提出了一种基于有色Petri网的故障模型。最后,将工作流的开放世系模型转化为有色Petri网故障模型,并提出了相应的多故障诊断方法。实验表明,本文提出的方法不仅故障定位的准确率和执行效率高于相关算法,还能有效的识别系统中的多个故障。     

基于直推式学习的网络故障诊断算法

网络故障的及时诊断能够保证日常工作、学习和生活能够正常进行。传统的基于监督式学习的诊断方法依赖于大量具有鉴别意义的样本,这在实际情况中通常难以得到满足。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于直推式学习的诊断算法。针对大规模的网络管理的特征数据,本算法利用主成分分析对特征进行降维,并利用新的度量下的特征数据来构建拉普拉斯矩阵;该矩阵能够很好的描述带检测样本和训练样本之间的关系。在此基础上,本文设计了基于直推式学习的目标函数,并利用拉格朗日乘子法完成了优化。实验部分证明了本算法能够在有限数目的带标签的样本的前提下获得精确的分类结果,能够显著提高网络故障诊断的检测率。     

A New Universal Domain Adaptive Method for Diagnosing Unknown Bearing Faults

The domain adaptation problem in transfer learning has received extensive attention in recent years. The existing transfer model for solving domain alignment always assumes that the label space is completely shared between domains. However, this assumption is untrue in the actual industry and limits the application scope of the transfer model. Therefore, a universal domain method is proposed, which not only effectively reduces the problem of network failure caused by unknown fault types in the target domain but also breaks the premise of sharing the label space. The proposed framework takes into account the discrepancy of the fault features shown by different fault types and forms the feature center for fault diagnosis by extracting the features of samples of each fault type. Three optimization functions are added to solve the negative transfer problem when the model solves samples of unknown fault types. This study verifies the performance advantages of the framework for variable speed through experiments of multiple datasets. It can be seen from the experimental results that the proposed method has better fault diagnosis performance than related transfer methods for solving unknown mechanical faults.