Optical Fiber Sensor Technology in Portugal

Abstract

A general overview of the R&D activity in fiber optic sensing developed over the last fifteen years in Portugal is given. Different topics are addressed, including interferometric, intensity and Bragg grating based fiber optic sensors, signal processing and multiplexing techniques, optical current sensors, together with some references to field trials and applications. Possible guidelines for present and future national R&D activity on this subject are outlined.     

Photonic Engineering Group of the University of Cantabria: Recent R&D Contributions in Photonic Sensing Technology

The recent research and development results of the Photonic Engineering Group in the photonic sensing field are reported. This article includes a sample of contributions in several of the ongoing R&D lines: fiber sensing using Bragg grating technology; gas sensing, high temperature monitoring; optoelectronic instrumentation for laser welding monitoring; fiber active devices; and, finally, on sensing technology using plastic optical fiber.     

基于光谱吸收型光纤传感器的煤矿瓦斯测量技术

甲烷是瓦斯的主要成分,是易燃易爆的气体。介绍了瓦斯的光谱特性以及光谱吸收法测量甲烷气体浓度的原理,给出了光谱吸收型光纤瓦斯气体传感器的主要进展和技术路径,包括差分吸收测量法和谐波吸收测量法。通过分析可看出,光谱吸收型光纤瓦斯传感器以其优良的特性得到了广泛关注,其中差分吸收法的抗干扰能力强,系统可靠性高,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

Optical fiber sensor-based detection of partial discharges in power transformers

In this paper, a fiber optic acoustic sensor system is designed and tested for on-line detection of the partial discharges inside high voltage power transformers. The fiber optic sensor uses a silica diaphragm and a single mode optical fiber encapsulated in a silica glass tube to form an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer. Test results indicate that the developed fiber optic sensors are capable of detecting the acoustic signals propagating inside the transformer oil with high resolution and high frequency.     

椭芯光纤干涉型多参量光纤传感技术

本文提出用椭圆纤芯高双折射光纤偏振干涉和双模干涉结合的双技术四参量以及双模干涉多参量同时测量的传感理论和实验原理，对交叉灵敏度作了分析，同时给出了误差分析，并结合理论模型对灵敏度矩阵的状态作了粗略估计。初步结果为：（１）灵敏度矩阵条件数不太大，可以采用迭代改善方法解线性方程组得到较好的解；（２）双模干涉传感器的灵敏度比偏振干涉传感器的灵敏度高两个数量级。     

Thermo-Optical Effects and Fiber Optic Sensing Device Based on Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals

In this article, the thermo-optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) in confined geometry are experimentally investigated to demonstrate the feasibility of a fiber optic sensing device based on PDLCs.

Since an unexpected behavior of PDLCs in confined geometry has been experienced, a systematic study of PDLCs' thermo-optical properties in bulk is presented also to point out principal differences. Finally, bistable all fiber optic temperature sensors, in which a PDLC permits at the same time the opto-mechanical interconnection of two fibers and the modulation of light crossing the device, has been realized and characterized, for the first time. Being the modulation controlled by external temperature, the device has been proven to be suitable for the realization of a heat flow sensor. The sensor presents the typical advantages of both fiber optic sensors and liquid crystal technology.

Moreover, due to its small thermal capacity, it should exhibit little influence on thermal equilibrium and, above all, it represents a significant improvement compared to a temperature fiber optic sensor based on liquid crystals (presented in the literature).     

Optical fiber sensors

Fiber optic sensors are finding increased usage in aerospace guidance and control applications due to their light weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference, high bandwidth and sensitivity, and solid-state, all-passive nature. This article reviews fiber optic sensors, with particular emphasis on aerospace applications.     

Optical fiber sensors

Abstract

Fiber optic sensors are finding increased usage in aerospace guidance and control applications due to their light weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference, high bandwidth and sensitivity, and solid-state, all-passive nature. This article reviews fiber optic sensors, with particular emphasis on aerospace applications.     

表面等离子体波光纤传感器应用于复合材料固化监测的研究

对适用于机敏结构的表面等离子体波光纤传感器进行了初步的研究。将这种光纤传感器埋入复合材料结构就构成了所谓机敏结构。这种机敏结构既可进行复合材料的固化监测,又可进行应变检测。有利于传感器数量的减少和布置的简化,减少了传感元件的埋入对结构本身性能的影响。可以充分发挥光纤传感器对结构进行全过程监测的优点,具有广泛的应用前景。     

微结构光纤传感器设计的新进展

根据导光机理、微孔分布、介质载入、纤芯数量及对称性等因素,对微结构光纤进行了具体分类。在此基础上,阐述了微结构光纤传感器的结构设计方法。对近年来国内外(包括作者设计)的典型微结构光纤传感器和微结构光纤光栅传感器进行了详细介绍和综合评述,对基于微结构光纤及微结构光纤光栅的新型传感器的发展进行了展望。     

微结构光纤传感器设计的新进展

根据导光机理、微孔分布、介质载入、纤芯数量及对称性等因素,对微结构光纤进行了具体分类。在此基础上,阐述了微结构光纤传感器的结构设计方法。对近年来国内外(包括作者设计)的典型微结构光纤传感器和微结构光纤光栅传感器进行了详细介绍和综合评述,对基于微结构光纤及微结构光纤光栅的新型传感器的发展进行了展望。     

用于接触式探测的多模光纤探针形状优化

对于进行接触式探测的多模光纤探针,信号光来自于附着于探针表面的待测物。基于几何光学,提出了一个物理模型,用以分析探头形状对所收集的信号光强度的影响。采用此模型,对抛物线型探头进行了仿真,给出了最优形状参数,并采用表面增强拉曼探针进行了初步实验验证。此分析可用于指导各种光纤传感器的设计,以确定其最佳的形状参数,适用于荧光传感器、表面等离子体共振传感器、表面增强拉曼传感器等。     

Performance comparison of slow‐light coupled‐resonator optical gyroscopes

We investigate the connection between group velocity and rotation sensitivity in a number of resonant gyroscope designs. Two key comparisons are made. First, we compare two conventional sensors, namely a resonant fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) and an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (FOG). Second, we compare the RFOG to several recently proposed coupled‐resonator optical waveguide (CROW) gyroscopes. We show that the relationship between loss and maximum rotation sensitivity is the same for both conventional and CROW gyroscopes. Thus, coupling multiple resonators together cannot enhance rotation sensitivity. While CROW gyroscopes offer the potential for large group indices, this increase of group index does not provide a corresponding increase in the maximum sensitivity to rotation. For a given footprint and a given total loss, the highest sensitivity is shown to be achieved either in a conventional RFOG utilizing a single resonator, or a conventional FOG.     

分立式与分布式光纤传感关键技术研究进展

光纤传感技术已广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工、电子电力、土木工程、生物医药等领域,其技术形式主要体现为分立式和分布式.分立式光纤传感技术利用光纤敏感器件作为传感器来感知被测参量的变化,光纤作为光信号的传输通道连接光纤传感器及后端的解调装置;分布式光纤传感系统基于光纤瑞利散射、拉曼散射或布里渊散射等光学效应,利用光纤本身作为传感器,可对沿途的光信号进行大范围、长距离传感.本文介绍了分立式与分布式光纤传感中主要关键技术的研究进展,并对未来的研究和发展方向进行了探讨.     

光纤法布里-珀罗干涉温度压力传感技术研究进展

光纤法布里-珀罗干涉温度和压力传感器具有灵敏度高、制作简单、成本低、体积小和抗电磁干扰能力强等优点,已被广泛应用于军事和民用领域.在某些环境恶劣,如具有强电磁干扰和腐蚀性,或提供给传感器的安装空间非常有限的特殊工业领域,微型光纤温度和压力传感器发挥着重要的作用,国内外诸多高校、科研院所都在对其进行研究.本文综述了光纤法布里-珀罗干涉仪的基本原理、制备技术、及其压力和温度传感应用的研究进展.详细介绍了湿法化学腐蚀制备法、电弧放电制备法、飞秒激光制备法、聚合物辅助制备法等常见光纤法布里-珀罗腔传感器的制作工艺,分析了不同制作工艺的优缺点;详细介绍了光纤法布里-珀罗干涉仪在温度传感、压力传感和温压一体传感领域的应用;最后对光纤法布里-珀罗干涉温度压力传感器的发展进行了总结和展望.     

一种3×3Sagnac光纤高压电流传感器的设计

提出了一种新颖的光纤干涉型电流传感器结构 ,对其工作原理进行了分析 ,导出了其光路部分的数学模型 ,并通过实验验证了该传感器设计的合理性。与法拉第磁光效应的光纤电流传感器相比较 ,该传感器能自动补偿光纤固有的双折射和温度等环境变化产生的干扰以及光源幅度噪声的影响等优点 ;与一般干涉仪相比其工作动态范围可以扩大数百倍。     

基于光放大的光纤Fizeau应变传感器频分复用系统

提出了一种可频分复用基于光放大的光纤Fizeau应变传感器的方法，从原理上解决了现有光纤Fabry-Perot传感器固有的两大弱点：信号弱和复用难.利用掺铒光纤的放大作用，既形成宽带光源，又放大了微弱的信号.描述了该应变传感器系统的结构、原理及实验结果.实验表明该复用传感器应变测量精度可达±10με，可满足实际应用的要求. 关键词： 光纤传感器 光纤应变传感器 掺铒光纤 复用     

基于光纤微结构加工和敏感材料物理融合的光纤传感技术

将功能敏感材料与光纤在物理层面进行有机融合,充分发挥光纤传感器在结构集成、材料集成等方面的优势,将有望发展新型的光纤传感器件和系统.本文综述了飞秒激光光纤微加工技术分别在标准的单模光纤和光纤光栅上制备微结构,再结合敏感材料制备技术,实现在物理层面上光纤传感器材料和结构的集成和融合,探索实现新型高性能的光纤传感新技术.     

提高双参量光纤传感器精度的一种方法

分析了光纤传感器进行双参量测量时，系数矩阵的态性对待测量精度的影响，提出采用对系数矩阵进行预处理的方法，使得处理后的矩阵由病态变成良态。用方法对文献「４」和文献「５」给出的系数矩阵分别进行了处理。处理后，文献「４」系数矩阵的条件数从３４２降低到４，文献「５」系数矩阵的条件数从１６１降低到３，传感器输出不确定主降低了两个数量级。     

偏振模耦合分布式光纤传感器空间分辨率研究

分析了偏振模耦合原理的分布式光纤传感器的自相干与互相干光；实验测量的干涉光证明了理论分析是正确的；利用偏振模耦合原理传感与白光干涉检测的分布式光纤传感器的空间分辨率是由光纤偏振色散系数与光源的谱宽决定的；由实验测量的偏振模耦合分布式光纤传感器的空间分辨率为6cm. 关键词： 光纤传感器 保偏光纤 空间分辨率 偏振模耦合