两种不同极性有机小分子在方解石(104)面吸附的密度泛函研究

利用密度泛函理论研究苯甲酸和甲苯两种不同极性的有机小分子在方解石（104）面的吸附特征，分析极性对有机小分子吸附的影响.结果表明：苯甲酸趋向于以分子态、单齿吸附模式倾斜吸附于方解石（104）面，吸附能为-1.394 eV；甲苯平行吸附于方解石（104）面，吸附能为-0.362 eV.有机小分子吸附于方解石（104）面过程中体系的几何结构和电子结构发生明显变化.苯甲酸分子几何结构变化幅度远大于甲苯.苯甲酸与方解石（104）面之间形成Ca-O离子键和H-O共价键，甲苯与方解石（104）面之间仅存在微弱的氢键相互作用.苯甲酸和甲苯等两种不同极性有机小分子在方解石（104）面的吸附特征和吸附机理存在较大的差异，苯甲酸分子的吸附强度远高于甲苯.本文揭示了不同极性有机小分子在方解石（104）面的吸附机理，为提高油藏采收率和矿物浮选等工程问题提供理论依据.     

分子动力学模拟研究方解石表面润湿性反转机理

利用分子动力学模拟技术从分子尺度探究方解石表面润湿性反转机理.首先,研究方解石表面润湿性反转过程;而后,从原油分子-方解石表面与原油分子-原油分子/水分子相互作用两个方面系统揭示方解石表面润湿性反转机理.结果:(1)水分子能够驱离方解石表面弱吸附的非极性分子造成润湿性的改变,但不能驱离强吸附的极性分子使润湿性反转难以实现;(2)原油分子极性越强与方解石表面相互作用越强,极性分子与方解石表面之间主要为静电力,非极性分子与方解石表面之间主要为范德华力;(3)原油分子极性越相近分子之间的相互作用越强,分子极性相差越大分子之间的相互作用越弱.非极性分子之间主要是范德华力,极性分子之间主要是静电力;(4)原油分子在方解石表面和水分子的共同作用下形成乙酸-吡啶-水-甲苯-己烷的稳定吸附序列.本研究为靶向提高采收率技术的设计与应用提供理论基础.     

SnPc在Ag(111)表面吸附特性的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理研究了SnPc分子在Ag(111)表面的吸附构型和电子结构. Sn-up和Sn-down两种优化的吸附构型与实验测量结果非常吻合,SnPc以Sn-down构型吸附在Ag(111)表面显得更稳定. Sn原子在两种吸附构型之间转换所需要能量与转换方向有关,由Sn-up向Sn-down构型转换时需翻越一个1.68 eV的能垒,反之需要2.17 eV. 扫描隧道显微镜理论模拟图像给出实验观测结果的主要特征,Sn-up分子的中心处为一个亮斑,而Sn-down分子中心为一个空洞. 计算结果验证了实验提出的Sn原子吸附位置的转换机理.     

染料分子固定基团-CN,-NH2,-OH,-COOH,-SH在ZnO(10-1 0表面吸附

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论系统研究了染料分子中的-CN, -NH2, -OH, -COOH和-SH等5种固定基团在ZnO 表面的吸附, 分析了它们在ZnO 表面上的吸附机制. 结果表明：5种基团在ZnO 表面都发生了化学吸附, 其中-CN、-NH2和-OH发生了非解离吸附, -COOH和-SH则是表面解离吸附. 5种固定基团的吸附能分别是：-0.64 eV, -1.28 eV, -1.03eV, -1.21eV(-1.40 eV)和-1.14 eV. 综上所述, 以-COOH为固定基团的染料分子制备的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)具有更稳定的性能, 这为ZnO染料敏化太阳能电池的设计和应用提供了理论基础.     

染料分子固定基团-CN,-NH_2,-OH,-COOH,-SH在ZnO(10(1|ˉ) 0)表面吸附

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论系统研究了染料分子中的-CN,-NH2,-OH,-COOH和-SH这5种固定基团在ZnO(10-1 0)表面的吸附,分析了它们在ZnO(10-1 0)表面上的吸附机制.结果表明:5种基团在ZnO(10-1 0)表面都发生了化学吸附,其中-CN、-NH2和-OH发生了非解离吸附,-COOH和-SH则是表面解离吸附.5种固定基团的吸附能分别是:-0.64eV,-1.28eV,-1.03eV,-1.21eV(-1.40eV)和-1.14eV.综上所述,以-COOH为固定基团的染料分子制备的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)具有更稳定的性能,这为ZnO染料敏化太阳能电池的设计和应用提供了理论基础.     

第一性原理研究CO在Cu(110)表面的吸附

本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 并同时考虑范德华力的作用, 计算并分析了CO在Cu(110)表面的吸附情况. 结果表明: 1) CO在两个表面Cu原子的短桥位位置吸附最强, 吸附能为1.28 eV. 第二稳定吸附位置为表面Cu原子的顶位, 吸附能为1.23 eV. CO在其他两个位置, 表面两个Cu的长桥位和表面四个Cu的中心位的吸附要弱一些, 约为0.86 eV 和 0.83 eV. 2) 在Cu表面吸附的CO的C-O键长有部分拉长, 这与较强的吸附能和电荷转移相应. 3) 电荷分析表明所有吸附的CO整体上从衬底上面获得部分电荷, 约为0.2 个电荷.     

分子动力学模拟方解石和白云石润湿性

利用分子动力学模拟研究油水分子在方解石和白云石表面的吸附,分析体系的平衡构型、相对浓度、径向分布函数和吸附能,研究方解石和白云石的亲水性并对比二者差异.根据油水分子吸附规律分析方解石/白云石-油水体系作用机理.研究表明：白云石-油水体系更易达到热力学稳定状态并且体系更加稳定;方解石和白云石表面均能够优先吸附水分子并在表面形成双层结构的水膜.其中,白云石表面对水分子吸附强度大于方解石;稳定吸附过程分为两步：范德华力、静电力和O（CaCO₃,CaMg（CO₃）₂）-H（H₂O）氢键共同影响下水分子向晶体表面移动并吸附形成紧密吸附层;O（H₂O）-H（H₂O）氢键作用下游离的H₂O向晶体表面靠近形成扩散层.从分子尺度解释方解石/白云石亲水特性,为碳酸盐岩储层润湿性研究奠定理论基础.     

基于密度泛函理论的DBDS与DBS对铜绕组腐蚀性能对比研究

二苄基二硫醚(DBDS)与二苄基硫醚(DBS)是变压器内部主要腐蚀性硫化物,能腐蚀铜绕组,破坏变压器的安全运行.为从微观层面探究两者腐蚀性能的差异,基于密度泛函理论(DFT)对DBDS与DBS的腐蚀性能进行对比研究.计算了DBDS/Cu(110)吸附模型与DBS/Cu(110)吸附模型的功函变化,发现DBDS/Cu(110)的功函变化ΔΦ_1(-0.388 eV)绝对值要小于DBS/Cu(110)功函变化ΔΦ_2(-1.118 eV)绝对值,说明DBS更易吸附Cu(110)表面;DBDS在Cu(110)表面的吸附能E_(ads1)为8.571 eV,DBS在Cu(110)表面吸附能E_(ads2)为6.077 eV,表明两者都不能自发吸附,需要从外界吸热才能吸附,且DBS从外界获取能量更少,更容易吸附.同时比较了DBDS分子与DBS分子前线轨道分布以及HOMO轨道与LUMO轨道能量差,计算了DBDS分子与DBS分子的电负性,结果表明:DBDS电负性大小为3.132 eV,DBS电负性大小为3.100 eV,两者基本相等.而DBDS前线轨道能量差(2.610 eV)明显小于DBS前线轨道能量差(3.610 eV), DBDS优化前后的S-S键长分别为2.033?和3.057?,说明DBDS更容易与Cu发生反应.以上模拟结果说明,DBS更易吸附于Cu,而DBDS更易与Cu发生反应.     

NO在稀有金属钇表面的吸附行为

以往的理论在预测六方结构(HCP)金属的表面能时，计算值与实验值存在较大误差.鉴于此，本文首先用一种较为合理的方法精准地预测了稀有金属钇(Y)(0001)面的表面能，计算值(1.141 J/M²)与实验值(1.125 J/M²)吻合的很好.随后，系统研究了NO小分子在Y(0001)面不同位置(空位、桥位和端位)的吸附行为.结果表明:空位(H1)表现出了良好的吸附能力，吸附能超过了5eV，同时N-O键长伸长量超过了24%，此时，NO分子几乎平行地吸附于Y(0001)表面.所有的吸附位置的N-O分子伸长量范围为0.2?-0.42?.这种伸长量明显超过了NO在其它金属表面时的计算结果.     

TiO2分子在GaN(0001)表面吸附的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势法,计算了TiO₂分子在GaN(0001)表面的吸附成键过程、吸附能量和吸附位置. 计算结果表明不同初始位置的TiO₂分子吸附后,Ti在fcc或hcp位置,两个O原子分别与表面两个Ga原子成键,Ga-O化学键表现出共价键特征,化学结合能达到7.932-7.943eV,O-O连线与GaN[1120]方向平行,与实验观测(100)[001] TiO₂//(0001)[1120]GaN一致. 通过动力学过程计算分析,TiO₂分子吸附过程经历了物理吸附、化学吸附与稳定态形成的过程,稳定吸附结构和优化结果一致. 关键词： GaN(0001)表面 2分子')" href="#">TiO₂分子 密度泛函理论 吸附     

低覆盖度CO分子在 Ni（110）面的吸附研究

利用密度泛函理论研究了低覆盖度下CO分子在Ni（110）表面的吸附结构和电子态。研究结果表明：在低覆盖度情况下, CO分子优先垂直吸附在短桥位，其次是顶位和长桥位。垂直短桥位吸附、顶位吸附相应的振动频率分别是1850.52 cm-1、1998.08cm-1。态密度的研究结果表明：CO分子和Ni原子在-10 eV -8 eV，-8 eV—-6 eV及1 eV -5 eV能量范围内发生了杂化作用。-10ev -8ev能量范围内的杂化主要来源于C、O原子的s轨道、pz轨道与Ni原子s、p、d轨道的杂化作用。-8ev—-6ev能量范围内的杂化作用主要来源于C、O原子的py、 px轨道与Ni原子d、s轨道的杂化作用。轨道间的杂化作用是吸附作用的主要来源。 我们计算的吸附位置与相应的振动频率与相关实验结果基本一致。     

Au(111)表面甲基联二苯丙硫醇盐单层膜的原子结构

利用第一性原理研究了甲基联二苯丙硫醇盐(BP3S)单体、虚拟Au表面BP3S的分子链和单层膜及BP3S/Au(111)吸附系统的原子结构.计算表明BP3S单体呈对称结构,两苯环夹角为35°±10°.首先BP3S单体在虚拟Au(111)表面自组装成稳定的单一分子链.然后在虚拟Au(111)表面,分子链错位排列自组装成两种稳定的单层膜.在虚拟Au(111)-(3~(1/2)×7~(1/2))和Au(111)-(3~(1/2)×13~(1/2))表面,分子链与虚拟表面夹角分别为60°和30°.最后把两种稳定的单层膜吸附在Au(111)表面的四个吸附位,计算表明只有桥位和顶位稳定,且桥位的吸附能比顶位的吸附能低.比较吸附前后BP3S单层膜的结构变化,可知其变化不大,这说明吸附系统的结构参数主要取决于单层膜内的相互作用,衬底对其的影响不大.     

First principles study of oxygen adsorption on nickel-doped graphite

Density functional theory is used in a spin-polarized plane wave pseudopotential implementation to investigate molecular oxygen adsorption and dissociation on graphite and nickel-doped graphite surfaces. Molecular oxygen physisorbs on graphite surface retaining its magnetic property. The calculated adsorption energy is consistent with the experimental value of ?0.1?eV. It is found that substituting a carbon atom of the graphite surface by a single doping nickel atom (2.8% content) makes the surface active for oxygen chemisorption. It is found that the molecular oxygen never adsorbs on doping nickel atom while it adsorbs and dissociates spontaneously into atomic oxygens on the carbon atoms which are bound to the nickel. The adsorption energy of ?1.4?eV and zero activation energy barrier indicate that O₂ dissociative adsorption is both thermodynamically and kinetically favoured over the surface. The large electric field near the doping nickel atom along with the excess electrons on the neighbouring carbon atoms, which are bound to the nickel induce molecular oxygen to adsorb and dissociate favourably.     

Untersuchung über den einfluss von adsorbierten gasen auf die elektronen-energieverlust-spektren einer Ni(110)-oberfläche

Electron energy loss spectra on a (110) nickel surface exhibit characteristic changes upon adsorption of H₂, CO and O₂. The clean surface shows only the surface and bulk plasmon losses at 8 eV and 18 eV respectively. Adsorption of CO produces two new loss peaks at 13.5 eV and 5.5 eV. Loss peaks due to hydrogen adsorption at 15 eV and 7.5 eV show a strong correlation with the well known adsorption characteristics of this system. The oxygen induced losses are different for chemisorbed O on Ni and NiO. In any case the chemisorption-induced losses are well established for primary energies below 120eV. In the loss spectra with higher excitation energies only a drastic decrease of the surface plasmon loss peak-height is visible. If the new losses can be attributed to one-electron excitations from molecular orbital levels due to the chemisorption bond, with assumptions of the final state of the excited electron a determination of the postition of these levels can be made. In case of CO and H₂ reasonable results are evaluated.     

Pu(100)表面吸附CO2的密度泛函研究

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论的改进Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh方法结合周期性层晶模型,研究了CO₂分子在Pu（100）面上的吸附和解离.吸附能和几何构型的计算表明,CO₂以穴位C4O4构型吸附最为有利,吸附能为1.48 eV.布居分析和态密度分析表明,CO₂与Pu表面相互作用的本质主要是CO₂分子的杂化轨道2π_μ与Pu5f,Pu6d,Pu7s轨道通过强电子转移和弱重叠杂化的方式相互作用而生成了新的化学键.计算的CO₂→CO+O解离能垒为0.66 eV,解离吸附能为2.65 eV, 表明在一定热激活条件下CO₂分子倾向于发生解离性吸附.O₂,H₂,CO和CO₂在Pu （100）面吸附的比较分析表明,较低温度下的吸附强度顺序依次为O₂,CO,CO₂,H₂;较高温度下的吸附强度顺序依次为O₂,CO₂,CO,H₂. 关键词： 密度泛函理论 Pu （100） 2')" href="#">CO₂ 吸附和解离     

氯原子在Cu(111)表面的吸附结构和电子态

密度泛函理论(DFT)总能计算研究了不同覆盖度下氯原子在Cu(111)表面的吸附结构和表面电子态。计算结果表明,清洁Cu(111)表面自由能 为15.72 ,表面功函数φ为4.753eV。在1/4ML和1/3ML覆盖度下,每个氯原子在Cu(111)表面fcc谷位的吸附能分别等于3.278eV/atom和3.284eV/atom。在1/2ML覆盖度下,两个紧邻氯原子分别吸附于fcc和hcp谷位,氯原子的平均吸附能为2.631eV/atom。在1/3ML覆盖度下,fcc和hcp两个位置每个氯原子吸附能的差值约为2meV/atom,与正入射X光驻波实验结合蒙特卡罗方法得到结果(<10meV/atom)基本一致。在1/4ML、1/3ML和1/2ML覆盖度下,吸附后Cu(111)表面的功函数依次为5.263eV、5.275eV和5.851eV。吸附原子和衬底价轨道杂化形成的局域表面电子态位于费米能级以下约1.2eV、3.6eV和4.5eV等处。吸附能和电子结构的计算结果表明,氯原子间的直接作用和表面铜原子紧邻氯原子数目是决定表面结构的两个重要因素。     

Interaction and local magnetic moments of metal phthalocyanine and tetraphenylporphyrin molecules on noble metal surfaces

In order to understand the Kondo effect observed in molecular systems, first-principles calculations have been widely used to predict the ground state properties of molecules on metal substrates. In this work, the interaction and the local magnetic moments of magnetic molecules （3d-metal phthalocyanine and tetraphenylporphyrin molecules） on noble metal surfaces are investigated based on the density functional theory. The calculation results show that the dz2 orbital of the transition metal atom of the molecule plays a dominant role in the molecule-surface interaction and the adsorption energy exhibits a simple declining trend as the adsorption distance increases. In addition, the Au（111） surface generally has a weak interaction with the adsorbed molecule compared with the Cu（ll 1） surface and thus serves as a better candidate substrate for studying the Kondo effect. The relation between the local magnetic moment and the Coulomb interaction U is examined by carrying out the GGA＋U calculation according to Dudarev＇s scheme. We find that the Coulomb interaction is essential for estimating the local magnetic moment in molecule-surface systems, and we suggest that the reference values of parameter U are 2 eV for Fe and 2-3 eV for Co.     

DFT study of BaTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> (001) surface with O and O<Subscript>2</Subscript> adsorption

Progress of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) allowed to handle various molecules adsorbed on a given surface. New concepts emerged with molecules on surfaces considered as nano machines by themselves. In this context, a thorough knowledge of surfaces and adsorbed molecules at an atomic scale is thus particularly invaluable. In this work, within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), we present an electronic and structural ab initio study of a BaTiO₃ (001) surface (perovskite structure) in its paraelectric phase. As far as we know the atomic and molecular adsorption of oxygen at surface is then analyzed for the first time in the literature. Relaxation is taken into account for several layers. Its analysis for a depth of at least four layers enables us to conclude that a reasonable approximation for a BaTiO₃ (001) surface is provided with a slab made up of nine plans. The relative stability of two possible terminations is considered. By using a kinetic energy cut off of 400 eV, we found that a surface with BaO termination is more stable than with TiO₂ termination. Consequently, a surface with BaO termination was chosen to adsorb either O atom or O₂ molecule and the corresponding calculations were performed with a coverage 1 on a (1×1) cell. A series of cases with O₂ molecule adsorbed in various geometrical configurations are also analyzed. For O₂, the most favorable adsorption is obtained when the molecule is placed horizontally, with its axis, directed along the Ba-Ba axis and with its centre of gravity located above a Ba atom. The corresponding value of the adsorption energy is -9.70 eV per molecule (-4.85 eV per O atom). The molecule is then rather extended since the O–O distance measures 1.829 ?. By comparison, the adsorption energy of an O atom directly located above a Ba atom is only -3.50 eV. Therefore we are allowed to conclude that the O–O interaction stabilizes atomic adsorption. Also the local densities of states (LDOS) corresponding to various situations are discussed in the present paper. Up to now, we are not aware of experimental data to be compared to our calculated results.     

Dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the clean and hydrogen-preadsorbed Be(0001) surface

We systematically study the dissociation processes for hydrogen molecules on the Be(0001) surface. The minimum dissociation energy barrier is found to be 0.75 eV on the clean surface, and the dissociated hydrogen atoms are found to distribute universally on the Be surface. After hydrogen preadsorption, the dissociation energy barrier become 0.50 eV for molecular hydrogen on the Be surface. Our studies well describe the adsorption behaviors of hydrogen on the Be(0001) surface.