金属纳米结构对光谱响应及折射率灵敏度的影响

推导了任意形状金属纳米结构对复杂环境折射率的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)光谱响应的解析解,给出了体折射率和局部折射率灵敏度公式,并进行了详细的理论分析和数值验证。结果表明,金属纳米结构的光谱响应与被分析物厚度呈指数增长关系,并与被分析物的折射率、敏感层厚度、金属纳米结构的材料和形状等因素有关。被分析物折射率越高,光谱响应越大。敏感层越厚,局部折射率灵敏度越差。同时,尖锐的金属纳米结构形状可以获得更大的体折射率灵敏度。对金属纳米结构光谱响应及折射率灵敏度的研究对制作高灵敏度LSPR传感器具有重要的指导意义。     

Dielectric supported ring-shaped metal disks on a metal film for ultrasensitive refractive index sensing

We experimentally report a magnetic plasmonic metamaterial, which is constructed with a metal ring-shaped disk array supported by a dielectric layer on a metal film for high sensitive refractive index sensing. An ultrasensitive refractive index sensitivity of about 1842?nm per refractive index unit is achieved through the reflection spectrum measurement. We attribute the high sensitivity to greatly enhanced electric field intensity and its large spatial overlapping with the surrounding medium to sense. The present plasmonic structure provides an effective way for high sensitive chip-based biochemical sensors and integrated devices.     

Numerical analysis of a temperature sensor based on the photonic band gap effect in a photonic crystal fiber

In this paper we investigate, by the plane wave expansion method and an analytical model, the temperature effect on the photonic band gap fiber, and we report on a numerical demonstration of a temperature sensor based on the photonic band gap (PBG) shift in a solid core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) infiltrated with a high refractive index oil. The bandwidth and the position of the central wavelength of the band gap are the parameters of interests for our temperature sensing purpose. Simulation results were found to be in excellent agreement with the refractive index scaling law and the highest sensitivity of 3.21?nm/°C was achieved, and it will be even higher than the grating based sensors written in PCFs with similar structure.     

Design of Highly Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Using Planar Metallic Films Closely Coupled to Nanogratings

We investigate the sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance （SPR） sensors using planar metallic films closely coupled to nanogratings. The strong coupling between localized surface plasmon resonances （LSPRs） presenting in metallic nanostructures and surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） propagating at the metallic film surface leads to changes of resonance reflection properties, resulting in enhanced sensitivity of SPR sensors. The effects of thickness of the metallic films, grating period and metal materials on the refractive index sensitivity of the device are investigated. The refractive index sensitivity of nanograting-based SPR sensors is predicted to be about 543 nm/RIU （refractive index unit） using optimized structure parameters. Our study on SPR sensors using planar metallic films closely coupled to nanogratings demonstrates the potential for significant improvement in refractive index sensitivity.     

Absorption enhancement and sensing properties of Ag diamond nanoantenna arrays

Noble metal nanoantenna could effectively enhance light absorption and increase detection sensitivity. In this paper,we propose a periodic Ag diamond nanoantenna array to increase the absorption of thin-film solar cells and to improve the detection sensitivity via localized surface plasmon resonance. The effect of nanoantenna arrays on the absorption enhancement is theoretically investigated using the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method with manipulating the spectral response by geometrical parameters of nanoantennas. A maximum absorption enhancement factor of 1.51 has been achieved in this study. In addition, the relation between resonant wavelength(intensity reflectivity) and refractive index is discussed in detail. When detecting the environmental index using resonant wavelengths, a maximum detection sensitivity of about 837 nm/RIU(refractive index unit) and a resolution of about 10-3RIU can be achieved. Moreover, when using the reflectivity, the sensitivity can be as high as 0.93 AU/RIU. Furthermore, we also have theoretically studied the effectiveness of nanoantennas in distinguishing chemical reagents, solution concentrations, and solution allocation ratios by detecting refractive index. From the results presented in this paper, we conclude that this work might be useful for biosensor detection and other types of detections.     

介质柱型二维Triangular格子光子晶体的禁带特性

采用平面波展开法数值计算了空气背景中由圆形、正六边形和正方形介质柱构造的二维三角晶格光子晶体禁带结构,并研究了介质方柱旋转角度、介质折射率和填充比对完全光子禁带宽度的影响.结果表明,在低频区,介质方柱旋转17°时,出现最大完全光子禁带,且最大禁带宽度随介质折射率的变化较为稳定.在高频区,介质方柱旋转30°时,完全光子禁带宽度最大;且介质材料折射率n=2.2时即出现完全光子禁带,n=2.6时,完全光子禁带达到最大.     

Plasmonic refractive index sensor based on the combination of rectangular and circular resonators including baffles

We numerically designed a plasmonic refractive index sensor with high sensitivity and tunable optical feature based on two metal-insulator-metal bus waveguides connecting with the central-coupled rectangular and circular ring resonators, including silver (Ag) baffles. In the design process, Ag baffles' influence on transmittance spectrum, magnetic and electric field distributions, surface power flow intensity, energy streamlines, and sensor performance are investigated using the finite element method. The proposed structure can use as a high precision plasmonic refractive index sensor for refractive index in the increment range of 0.01. The maximum sensitivity can reach 3400 nm/RIU (RIU is a refractive index unit), which remarkably increases the sensitivity of 1.36 times compared to the case without Ag baffles. Besides, the figure of merit and quality factor can achieve 36.00 and 42.28, respectively. The sensitivity and figure of merit can be increased by adding the Ag baffles in the proposed plasmonic sensor system, generating an additional gap plasmon resonance mode that cannot find in a typical case.     

高反射率硅基薄膜一维光子晶体的研究制备

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积的方法,研究制备了一种基于硅基薄膜的高反射一维光子晶体。通过交替改变反应气体组分实现低折射率Si Ox层和高折射率a-Si层的交替层叠沉积,具有两种膜层介质折射率比大、反射率高、沉积时间短、工艺窗口宽等优点。采用5周期的Si Ox层与a-Si层构成的一维光子晶体(厚度分别为155 nm和55 nm),其禁带范围内(650~1 100 nm)的平均反射率达到99.1%,高于相同波长范围内Ag的平均反射率(96.3%)。     

基于光学异常透射现象的光纤传感器的设计与研究

基于光学异常透射现象的光纤传感器,因其具有高度的近场增强效应和介电环境的高度敏感性等优点,在化学、生物医学等领域有广泛的应用前景。但是由于在光纤端面加工周期纳米结构需要复杂的工艺或者昂贵的微加工仪器,限制了基于光学异常透射现象的光纤传感器的发展。针对这一问题,提出了模板转移法在光纤端面加工金属周期纳米结构,并搭建实验系统对应用该方法制作的光纤传感器的传感特性及其物理机理进行了研究。实验结果表明,模板转移法能够很好地完成在光纤端面加工高质量的周期金属纳米结构。应用该方法制作的光纤传感器具有很好的传感特性,传感器的最高灵敏度达到594.45 nm·RIU-1,品质因数值达到33.12。     

High-Sensitivity Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Lateral Optical Beam Displacements

We present a new optical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance （SPIt） enhanced lateral optical beam displacements. Compared with the traditional SPIt methods, the new method provides higher sensitivity to the sensor system. Theoretical simulations show that the refractive index （RI） detection sensitivity of the SPR sensor based on the displacement measurement has a strong dependence on the thickness of the metal film. When the optimal thickness of the metal film is selected, the RI resolutlon of the SPIt sensor is predicted to be 2.2 × 10^-7 refractive index units （RIU）. Furthermore, it is found that the incidence angle can be used as a parameter to adjust the operating range of the sensor to different refractive index ranges.     

Independently tunable dual resonant dip refractive index sensor based on metal—insulator—metal waveguide with Q-shaped resonant cavity

A plasmonic resonator system consisting of a metal—insulator—metal waveguide and a Q-shaped resonant cavity is proposed in this paper. The transmission properties of surface plasmon polaritons in this structure are investigated by using the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method, and the simulation results contain two resonant dips. The physical mechanism is studied by the multimode interference coupled mode theory (MICMT), and the theoretical results are in highly consistent with the simulation results. Furthermore, the parameters of the Q-shaped cavity can be controlled to adjust the two dips, respectively. The refractive index sensor proposed in this paper, with a sensitivity of 1578 nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 175, performs better than most of the similar structures. Therefore, the results of the study are instructive for the design and application of high sensitivity nanoscale refractive index sensors.     

基于金属孔阵列的聚酰亚胺薄膜太赫兹探测

优化设计了多种不同孔径和形状的太赫兹波段的亚波长金属孔阵列结构,结合超薄低折射率的聚酰亚胺（PI）薄膜,探索了太赫兹时域光谱技术对超薄低折射率的探测灵敏性。利用飞秒微加工技术制备了一系列亚波长金属孔阵列结构,利用太赫兹时域光谱技术测试了阵列结构的反射波谱,获得了强烈的反射共振现象。然后在亚波长金属孔阵列结构背面叠加PI薄膜,结果表明太赫兹反射峰出现了显著低频移动现象。利用这一现象,实现了低至10 m的PI薄膜的有效探测,说明亚波长金属孔阵列结构在太赫兹传感领域对检测超薄低折射率薄膜材料有极强敏感性。收稿日期:; 修订日期:     

环形狭缝腔阵列光学特性的研究

设计了一种六角密排的二维环形纳米腔阵列结构, 利用时域有限差分算法对该结构的光学特性进行了探究. 仿真结果表明, 在线性偏振光入射时, 环形腔内可以形成多重圆柱形表面等离激元谐振, 谐振波长的个数和大小与环形腔的结构参数相关. 根据透、反射光谱, 电场矢量的模式分布及截面电荷密度的分布, 谐振波长处形成圆柱形表面等离激元, 谐振波长处入射光能量大部分在环形腔内损耗, 此时反射率为极小值, 环形腔内的电场增强效应为极大值(光强增强可达1065倍). 谐振波长与环形腔的结构参数(狭缝内径、狭缝外径、膜厚、环境介质折射率、金属的材质)相关, 通过调节结构参数, 谐振波长在350–2000 nm范围内可调. 通过对比相同结构参数的单个环形腔和环形腔阵列的仿真结果, 周期排布对环形腔内的圆柱形表面等离激元吸收峰位置影响不明显. 该结构反射光谱对入射光电矢量偏振方向不敏感. 谐振波长的可调控性对于表面拉曼增强和表面等离激元共振传感器的设计与优化具有指导性意义, 且应用于折射率传感器时灵敏度可达1850 nm/RIU.     

螺旋形塑料光纤表面等离子体共振折射率传感器

研究了基于波长调制的螺旋形塑料光纤(plastic optical fiber, POF)表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance, SPR)折射率传感器。采用机械热压和扭曲法将塑料光纤制备成螺旋形,在螺旋形POF上通过磁控溅射蒸镀一定厚度(约50 nm)的金属薄膜来激励SPR效应,从而形成螺旋形POF-SPR传感器。通过对螺旋形POF-SPR传感器的结构进行修饰,研究不同结构参数对折射率传感特性的影响。实验结果表明:由厚度为500μm扁平形POF扭制、螺纹数为4的螺旋形POF-SPR传感器具有较好的线性度和折射率传感特性,在折射率为1.335～1.400范围内测得的灵敏度为1 262 nm/RIU。该传感器具有成本较低、制备简单、结构稳定等优点。     

基于亚微米光栅透射共振蛋白质检测模型研究

建立了一种基于亚微米光栅透射共振理论的蛋白质检测模型,设计了一种金属光栅型蛋白质检测生物传感器,运用光栅耦合激发表面等离子体共振理论对提出的模型进行了理论分析,通过计算机计算模拟,分析了蛋白质样品折射率、厚度等对透射率的影响。结果表明:透射率与样品折射率、厚度呈二阶多项式关系,并且厚度、折射率都随灵敏度的增加而增加。这种检测模型可应用在蛋白质检测传感方面。基于此方法的蛋白质检测模型具有同时检测蛋白质种类和含量、灵敏度高、实时、无需标记,便于集成芯片化,适用于批量生产、成本低等优点,在蛋白质芯片、生物分析、环境监测、生物器件研发等方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

High sensitivity refractive index gas sensing enhanced by surface plasmon resonance with nano-cavity antenna array

The surface plasmon resonance gas sensor is presented for refractive index detection using nano-cavity antenna array.The gas sensor monitors the changes of the refractive index by measuring the spectral shift of the resonance dip,for modulating the wavelength of incident light.It is demonstrated that minute changes in the refractive index of a medium close to the surface of a metal film,owing to a shift in the resonance dip of the wavelength,can be detected.The average detection sensitivity is about 3200 nm/RIU(refractive index units),which is more than twice that of a metal grating-based gas sensor.The reflectivity of the surface plasmon resonance dip is only ～ 0.03%,and the full widths at half maximum(FWHMs) of bandwidth of the angle and wavelength are ～ 0.20° and 4.71nm,respectively.     

Sensitivity enhancement for a multimode fiber sensor with an axisymmetric metal grating layer

This paper proposes a novel design for a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensor with an axisymmetric sub-wavelength metal grating layer. The relationship between the sensor performance (the sensitivity S and the quality factor Q of the SPR dip) and the characteristic parameters are investigated. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed sensor can achieve a maximum sensitivity of 13,000 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) for a refractive index range from 1.3 to 1.4.     

基于光纤M-Z干涉的高灵敏度液体折射率传感器的实验研究

提出并制备了一种基于Mach-Zehnder干涉效应的高灵敏度光纤液体折射率传感器.分别利用NaCl溶液和甘油溶液,研究了传感器的透射光谱和外界介质折射率的关系.实验结果表明,随着周围介质折射率的增大,传感器干涉谱的极小值点对应的波长向长波方向漂移,在1.333~1.356的折射率变化范围内,极小值点对应的波长的漂移量和折射率的变化具有较好的线性关系,对应的灵敏度约为4 086 nm/refractive-index.该传感器制作简单、结构紧凑,在生物和化学测量中具有较好的应用前景.     

基于光纤M-Z干涉的高灵敏度液体折射率传感器的实验研究

提出并制备了一种基于Mach-Zehnder干涉效应的高灵敏度光纤液体折射率传感器.分别利用NaCl溶液和甘油溶液,研究了传感器的透射光谱和外界介质折射率的关系.实验结果表明,随着周围介质折射率的增大,传感器干涉谱的极小值点对应的波长向长波方向漂移,在1.333～1.356的折射率变化范围内,极小值点对应的波长的漂移量和折射率的变化具有较好的线性关系,对应的灵敏度约为4 086nm/refractive-index.该传感器制作简单、结构紧凑,在生物和化学测量中具有较好的应用前景.     

Nonlocal response of electric and magnetic modes in a silver cuboid dimer

The nonlocal effect on the spontaneous emission of a silver cuboid dimer is investigated using a local analog model. Magnetic as well as electric dipole excitations are introduced to excite different gap modes. The nonlocal response of electric and magnetic modes on various parameters of gap(width and refractive index) are investigated. Unidirectional radiation is achieved by the interaction between electric and magnetic modes in both local and nonlocal models. Compared to local simulations, the resonant wavelength is blue shifted and the spontaneous emission enhancement is weakened in the nonlocal model. The relative shifts of the resonant wavelengths get larger in smaller gaps with a higher refractive index.