Mg-Zr合金微观组织电子结构研究

用递归法计算了α-Mg与α-Zr的结构能、原子结合能,Mg/Zr界面能与Mg的表面能,Mg中Zr及Zr中Fe,Mn,Si,H等杂质原子相互作用能,Mg,Zr原子态密度及其在合金中的电荷变化. 计算发现,在晶体中与Mg态密度差别很大的Zr在Mg/Zr界面却与Mg趋于相近,从而界面电子环境与Mg相似,为Mg形核生长提供有利条件;α-Zr的结构能、原子结合能低于相应的α-Mg,且Mg/Zr界面能低于Mg的表面能,从能量角度合理解释了Zr先于Mg从Mg熔体析出,并作为异质核心细化Mg晶粒的实验现象. 原子相互作用 关键词： 电子结构 晶粒细化 Mg合金     

Mg-Zr合金微观组织电子结构研究

用递归法计算了α-Mg与α-Zr的结构能、原子结合能，Mg/Zr界面能与Mg的表面能，Mg中Zr及Zr中Fe，Mn，Si，H等杂质原子相互作用能，Mg，Zr原子态密度及其在合金中的电荷变化. 计算发现，在晶体中与Mg态密度差别很大的Zr在Mg/Zr界面却与Mg趋于相近，从而界面电子环境与Mg相似，为Mg形核生长提供有利条件；α-Zr的结构能、原子结合能低于相应的α-Mg，且Mg/Zr界面能低于Mg的表面能，从能量角度合理解释了Zr先于Mg从Mg熔体析出，并作为异质核心细化Mg晶粒的实验现象. 原子相互作用     

Sc在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu超高强铝合金中作用机理的电子理论研究

通过晶胞平移获得Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中α-Al,Al₃Sc及η相原子集团模型,采用自编软件建立α-Al/液态Al界面、α-Al/Al₃Sc界面原子团模型.用递归法计算合金中各组织的态密度、结合能、费米能级,合金元素Sc与空位相互作用能等电子参数.依据电子参数解释合金晶粒细化、腐蚀的物理本质.研究表明： Al₃Sc从液态金属析出时释放的能量比α-Al从液态金属析出时所释放的能量少,可先于α-Al从液态金属中析出;且α-Al 关键词： 电子结构 腐蚀 超高强Al合金     

镁合金稀土阻燃机理电子理论研究

通过计算机软件建立镁合金的晶体,液态及其固/液界面模型.采用递归法计算了稀土元素在α-Mg、固/液界面、镁液态等原子环境中的环境敏感镶嵌能,定义并计算了Mg,La及Y与氧的原子亲和能.计算结果表明：La,Y在镁晶体中的环境敏感镶嵌能较高,不能稳定固溶于晶体中,因此在固体中的溶解度较小.合金凝固时稀土元素扩散到环境能较低的液体中,向液面聚集.由于稀土与氧的原子亲和能低于镁与氧的亲和能(镁、稀土与氧的亲和能分别为Mg-O：-14.9338 eV,La-O：-19.0608 eV,Y-O：-19.5050 eV 关键词： 电子结构 阻燃 Mg合金     

Ca，Be在镁合金中的阻燃作用

建立了镁合金的晶体,液态及其固/液界面模型.采用递归法计算了Ca,Be在α-Mg、固/液界面、镁液态中的环境敏感镶嵌能,定义并计算了Mg,Ca及Be与氧的原子亲和能.计算结果表明：Ca,Be在镁晶体中的环境敏感镶嵌能较高,不能稳定固溶于晶体中,因此在固体中的溶解度较小.合金凝固时Ca,Be扩散到环境能较低的液体中,向液面聚集.由于Ca,Be与氧的原子亲和能低于镁与氧的亲和能,聚集在液体表面的Ca,Be将优先与氧结合,生成致密的镁与合金元素的混合氧化物,阻止镁合金燃烧. 关键词： 电子结构 阻燃 Mg合金     

镁合金稀土阻燃机理电子理论研究

通过计算机软件建立镁合金的晶体，液态及其固/液界面模型.采用递归法计算了稀土元素在α-Mg、固/液界面、镁液态等原子环境中的环境敏感镶嵌能，定义并计算了Mg，La及Y与氧的原子亲和能.计算结果表明：La，Y在镁晶体中的环境敏感镶嵌能较高，不能稳定固溶于晶体中，因此在固体中的溶解度较小.合金凝固时稀土元素扩散到环境能较低的液体中，向液面聚集.由于稀土与氧的原子亲和能低于镁与氧的亲和能(镁、稀土与氧的亲和能分别为Mg-O：-14.9338 eV，La-O：-19.0608 eV，Y-O：-19.5050 eV     

镁/镀镍碳纳米管界面特性电子理论研究

建立了复合材料中（镀镍）碳纳米管/镁界面原子集团模型,采用递归法计算了界面电子结构.计算表明：镀镍碳纳米管与镁形成的界面结构能、原子结合能较低,镍能够加大纳米管/基体界面结构的稳定性,促进界面结合强度的提高;在界面镍镀层中镁原子的相互作用能为正,说明镍镀层中的镁原子相互排斥,不能形成原子团簇,具有有序化倾向,形成起到强化界面作用的有序相;碳、镁原子在未镀镍碳纳米管与镁的界面格位能较高,降低界面稳定性,因而界面比较脆弱.碳纳米管镀镍后,镍使界面处镁、碳的格位能大幅降低,界面稳定性增强. 关键词： 复合材料 纳米管 电子结构 界面     

Nb-Al合金高温氧化机理

通过自编软件建立了铝氧化膜与基体铌界面的原子集团模型,用递归法计算了合金的原子埋置能、原子结合能等电子参数,从电子层面分析铌合金高温氧化机理.研究表明:铝通过晶界扩散偏聚在合金表面,并与氧结合生成致密的Al2O3氧化膜,阻挡氧向铌基体扩散.晶界和稀土元素能提高氧化膜与基体间的原子结合能,增加其界面的结合强度,加强氧化膜与基体铌间的黏附性.因此,通过在合金中添加稀土元素或细化合金晶粒均能提高铌合金的抗高温氧化性能.     

合金元素对钢中NbC异质形核影响的第一性原理研究

为了探索不同合金元素对Nb C异质形核的影响,本文利用第一性原理研究了合金元素X(X=Cr,Mn,Mo,W,Zr,V,Ti,Cu和Ni)对ferrite(100)/Nb C(100)界面性质的影响,并且分析了上述合金元素掺杂前后界面的黏附功、界面能和电子结构.研究结果表明,Cr,V和Ti掺杂的界面具有负的偏聚能,说明它们容易偏聚到ferrite/Nb C界面,但Mn,W,Mo,Zr,Cu和Ni却难以偏聚到此界面.当Mn,Zr,Cu和Ni取代界面处的Fe原子后,界面的黏附强度降低,即这些合金减弱铁素体在Nb C上的形核能力.然而Cr,W,Mo,V和Ti引入界面后,其黏附功比掺杂前的界面要大,且界面能均降低,即提高了界面的稳定性.因此,W,Mo,V和Ti,尤其是Cr,能够有效地促进铁素体形核和细化晶粒.电子结构分析表明,Zr和Cu引入界面后,界面处的Zr,Cu原子和C原子的相互作用变弱;然而Cr和W引入界面后,Cr,W和C原子之间形成了很强的非极性共价键,提高了ferrite/Nb C界面的结合强度.     

Al、Zn、Mn、Zr、Ca对Mg合金电子结构影响的第一性原理研究

应用密度泛函理论研究了合金元素Al、Zn、Mn、Zr、Ca对α-Mg合金电子结构的影响。对合金元素添加后的结构进行了优化。在稳定结构的基础上,通过对不同合金元素的形成能、态密度、布居分布、差分电荷密度的分析,认为引起合金性能变化的原因是各合金元素的电负性和原子半径的大小不同所致,对比了合金元素对材料电子结构的影响,从理论上解释了Zr、Ca强烈的合金强化、细化作用。     

氧原子在Zr(0001)表面附近的扩散

在密度泛函理论计算的基础上,利用微动弹性带（nudged elastic band）方法研究了氧原子在Zr（0001）表面附近的扩散.首先计算了氧原子从稳定的表面面心立方（SFCC）位置向表面六角密排位置的扩散激活能（0.77 eV）;然后计算了氧原子从稳定的SFCC位置扩散到表面下第1层与第2层之间的八面体间隙位置,再继续向表面下第2层与第3层之间的八面体间隙位置扩散的激活能,在此过程中氧原子需克服两个能垒,其激活能分别为2.14和2.57 eV.结果表明,氧原子在Zr（0001）表面上方的扩散比较容易,而氧原子向Zr（0001）表面下的扩散相对较难. 关键词： Zr（0001）表面 微动弹性带 氧的扩散     

Periodic trends governing the interactions between impurity atoms [H–Ar] and α-U

The binding energies, geometries, charges and electronic structures of a series of impurity atoms [H–Ar] interacting with the α-U lattice in various configurations were assessed by means of density functional theory calculations. Periodic trends governing the binding energy were highlighted and related to the electronic properties of the impurity atoms, with some consideration given to the band-structure of α-U. The strongest bound impurity atoms include [C, N, O] and [Si, P, S]. The general trends in the binding energy can be reproduced by a simple parameterisation in terms of the electronegativity (charge-transfer) and covalent radius (elasticity theory) of the impurity atom. The strongest bound atoms deviate from this model, due to their ability to bind with an optimum mixture of covalency and ionicity. This last point is evidenced by the partial overlap of the impurity atom p-band with the hybrid d–/f-band of α-U. It is expected that the trends and general behaviour reported in this work can be extended to the interactions of impurity atoms with other metallic systems.     

Element segregation on the surfaces of pure aluminum foils

The surface segregation trend of trace elements in pure aluminum foils was investigated by density functional theory. The model of nine-layer Al(1 0 0) slab substituted partially by trace element atoms was proposed for calculating surface segregation energy. The calculating results show that (i) B, Mg, Si, Ga, Ge, Y, In, Sn, Sb, Pb and Bi exhibit negative segregation energy and possibly move to the surface, while Be, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zr exhibit positive segregation energies and migrated into the bulk; (ii) the segregation energy was found to be related with the covalent radius, the relaxed position at the surface of the substituting atom and the surface energy; (iii) the segregation behavior of trace element generates lots of defects and dislocation, which can increase the initial pitting nucleation sites in the surface of aluminum foils; (iv) the impurity atom concentration was tested with Pb-doped surfaces, the calculated negative segregation energies in all coverage increases rapidly with the Pb coverage. These conclusions are helpful for designing of the chemical composition and to advance the tunnel etching of aluminum foils.     

Diffusion of Al dimers on the surface of Mg clusters

The surface diffusion of Al dimmers on Mg clusters with hexahedral structure was studied using the combination of quenched molecular dynamics and the embedded atom method. The system energy barriers of typical minimum energy diffusion paths for Al dimers on the Mg clusters were calculated using the Nudged Elastic Band method. In our study range (153–4061 atoms), the binding energies on the (0001) facets and the (1\(\hbox{$\overline 1 $}\)01) facets differed, the binding energy on the former was lower than that on the latter. Moreover, cluster size only slightly influenced the binding energy values. Two possible diffusion paths were studied. Results showed that the diffusion of the dimer on the (0001) facet easily occurred at low temperatures. Furthermore, the interaction between the two atoms of the dimer facilitated the dimer crossing of the step edge between the (1\(\hbox{$\overline 1 $}\)01) facets by hopping mechanism.     

Adsorption behavior and mechanism of multiple Mg atoms on the surface of AlNi compound at Mg alloy/steel interface

The interface between Mg alloy and the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) is the weak point during the welding of Mg alloy and steel. The models of AlNi surface under different number of absorbed magnesium atoms were established. The absorption energy and electronic properties of the Nth (N represents the number of Mg atoms, which may be 1, 2, 3, and 4 in this paper) Mg atom on the AlNi surface were calculated using first-principles calculations. The results show that the previously absorbed Mg atoms will promote the absorption of the latter Mg atom when the distance between them is equal or less than 2.89 Å. The absorption energy of the Mg atoms on the AlNi surface is related to the electronic exchange between different atoms. The results will provide a new perspective for understanding the atomic scale mechanism of the bonding between the Mg atom and AlNi IMCs.