Appearance of anterior cruciate ligament autografts in their tibial bone tunnels on oblique axial MRI.

The objective of this study was to observe the changing appearance of human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts in their tibial bone tunnels by MRI using oblique axial images. One-hundred and eight knees in 75 patients were studied by MRI at 1-33 months after arthroscopic ACL reconstructions using double-looped, autogenous semitendinosus and/or gracilis tendons. Knees with poor stability were excluded from this study. The examinations were performed at 0.2T with spin echo proton density and T2-weighted oblique axial images. Appearances of grafts were mainly described on spin echo proton density images based upon time after surgery. The grafts appeared as homogeneous, low signal intensity areas in the bone tunnels at 1 month after the surgery. Ring-shaped low signal intensity areas were observed along the wall of the bone tunnels in the 2- to 3-month group. In many grafts from this group, each tendinous bundle appeared as a low signal area separated by a high signal intensity area. In all cases in the 4- to 6-month group, the thickness of the ring-shaped low signal intensity area had increased, whereas the thickness of the high signal intensity area had decreased. In almost all of the cases, the interior of the bone tunnel gradually became a homologous low signal intensity region by 7 to 12 months after the surgery. According to these results, it is suggested that the maturation of the tendon-bone interface was completed from 6 to 12 months after the ACL reconstruction.     

Cryopreservation of spores of Dicksonia sellowiana: an endangered tree fern indigenous to South and Central America

Spores of Dicksonia sellowiana (Presl.) Hook., an endangered tree fern, were stored in liquid nitrogen. Surface sterilized spores were placed in 1 ml sterile polypropylene cryotubes and were plunged into liquid nitrogen cryo-cans for 15 minutes, 15 days, 1 month and 3 months. In all, of the treatments the percentage of germination was higher than the control (fresh spores). Germination in Dyer and MS media supplement with 10 (-7) M and 5 x 10(-7) M BA was also promoted as comparing to control. There was no difference between the germination of spores thawed rapidly in a water bath at 45 degree C during 5 minutes or slowly at room temperature. Cryopreservation seems to promote germination of some dormant spores of D. sellowiana. The pre-treatment in cryoprotective solution of dimethyl sulphoxide 15%(v/v) in 1 M glycerol inhibited the germination of cryopreserved spores     

硫化锌中Sm3+的发光中心

本工作研究了Sm3+离子在立方和六角两种结构硫化锌中的光谱。实验上,采用不同激发条件下的高分辨光谱、时间分辨光谱和激发光谱,同时配合低温退火处理实验,鉴别出硫化锌中Sm3+具有两种不同的发光中心。采用发光方法,第一次对稀土离子在硫化锌中的C3v对称发光中心进行分析。在中间耦合自由离子能级基础上利用不可约张量方法和Wigner-Eckart定理进行晶体场计算,得到的晶体场参数实验值和点电荷模型计算的晶体场参数值相符合。     

氧氟沙星甲基化物的核磁共振波谱研究

结合1H NMR,13C NMR,DEPT,HSQC,HMBC谱和碳氟偶合裂分行为, 对氧氟沙星(ofloxacin, OFL)哌嗪部分的甲基化产物-甲基氧氟沙星(methyl-ofloxacin,Me-OFL)的结构进行归属,并探讨了Me-OFL在酸性及碱性溶液中的1H和13C谱的变化。碱性溶液中, 5H的化学位移较酸性向高场移动1.02, 推测此变化与形成C—H…O弱氢键有关。6C、13C、羰基碳7C和羧基碳15C分别向低场位移12.04,7.46,4.33,2.88 ppm, 推测此变化与羧基和羧酸根的转变有关。另外, 还比较了OFL哌嗪环4’N上质子化产物与烷基化产物的正电荷分布。当哌嗪环质子化形成季铵盐时,正电荷分布在氢原子上;当其烷基化形成季铵盐时, 正电荷分布在氮原子上。     

Aerodynamic and Acoustic Characteristics of Voice in Prader-Willi Syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystem disorder caused by DNA abnormalities involving chromosome 15. Major characteristics are infant hypotonia, hypogonadism, mental retardation, a short stature, atypical facial appearance, and the onset of obesity due to insatiable hunger in early childhood. Also, speech and language abnormalities have been reported including voice disorders. These have seldom been studied in detail, however. This paper reports the results of an acoustic and aerodynamic investigation of the voice in 22 individuals with PWS. Two age groups were distinguished, a group of children [chronological age (CA) 6 years, 7 months through 11 years, 7 months; total intelligence quotient (TIQ) 40-88] and a group of adolescents and adults (CA 17 years, 1 month through 29 years, 5 months; TIQ 41-94). Both aerodynamic and acoustic parameters were obtained and compared with normative data from the Belgian Study Group on Voice Disorders. It was found that voice difficulties do commonly occur in individuals with PWS including impairment of frequency levels, voice quality, and poor aerodynamic capabilities.     

掺杂三价铽离子的碱土金属钨酸盐的光谱特性研究

本文合成了一系列掺杂三价铽离子的碱土金属钨酸盐,测定了晶体的X射线粉末衍射数据及发射光谱和激发光谱.所合成的化合物均属四方晶系,I41/a空间群,晶胞多数随金属离子半径的增大而增大.研究了在这些晶体中三价铽离子5D3→7Fi和5D4→7Fi跃迁发射的激发态及其能量传递机理和浓度猝灭机制.讨论了发射光谱和激发光谱与铽离子浓度、金属离子半径及铽离子在晶体中的溶解度的关系.     

Recovery process of respiratory muscle strength in patients following stroke: A Pilot Study

Objective: To determine the recovery process of respiratory muscle strength during 3 months following stroke, and to investigate the association of change in respiratory muscle strength and physical functions. Additionally, we compared respiratory muscle strength with those of healthy subjects. Method: In this prospective, observational study, 19 stroke patients and 19 healthy subjects were enrolled. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), motricity index, trunk control test, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and functional independence measure were assessed at 1, 2, and 3 months from stroke onset in stroke patients. MIP and MEP were assessed at arbitrary times in healthy subjects. Repeated one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to compare the change in respiratory muscle strength in each period in stroke patients. Pearson''s correlation coefficient was computed for changes in respiratory muscle strength and physical functions. Student''s t-test was used to compare respiratory muscle strength between stroke patients at 3 months from onset and healthy subjects. Results: MIP was significantly increased at 3 months compared to 1 month. MEP was significantly increased in 2 months and 3 months, compared to 1 month. MIP changes associated with 6MWT changes. Compared to healthy subjects, MIP and MEP at 3 months were significantly lower in stroke patients. Conclusion: Respiratory muscle strength significantly increased during 3 months following stroke. However, the trend of recovery may be different. MIP changes may associated with walking endurance changes. During 3 months following stroke, respiratory muscle strength did not recover to healthy subjects.     

Effects of He－Ne laser irradiation on enzyme activity in milking Goats＇ seminal plasma

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Forward masking among infant and adult listeners

Psychophysical forward-masked thresholds were estimated for 3- and 6-month-old infants and for adults. Listeners detected a repeated 1000-Hz probe, with 16-ms rise time, no steady-state duration, and 16-ms fall time. Unmasked thresholds were determined for one group of listeners who were trained to respond when they heard the probe but not at other times. In the masking conditions, each tone burst was preceded by a 100-ms broadband noise masker at 65 dB SPL. Listeners were trained to respond when they heard the probe and masker, but not when they heard the masker alone. The masker-probe interval, delta t, was either 5, 10, 25, or 200 ms. Four groups of subjects listened in the masked conditions, each at one value of delta t. Each listener attempted to complete a block of 32 trials including four probe levels chosen to span the range of expected thresholds. "Group" thresholds, based on average psychometric functions, as well as thresholds for individual listeners, were estimated. Both group and individual thresholds declined with delta t, as expected, for both infants and adults. Infants' masked thresholds were higher than those of adults, and comparison of masked to unmasked thresholds suggested that infants demonstrate more forward masking than adults, particularly at short delta t. Forward masking appeared to have greater effects on 3-month-olds' detection than on either 6-month-olds' or adults'. Compared to adults, 6-month-olds demonstrated more forward masking only for delta t of 5 ms. Thus, susceptibility to forward masking may be nearly mature by 6 months of age.     

Tb3+和Na2WO4共掺杂SiO2材料的制备及其发光性质

通过溶胶-凝胶技术制备了稀土离子Tb3 和Na2WO4共掺杂的SiO2材料,利用DTA-TG,IR,XRD等测试手段研究了材料的结构。材料属于非晶态,800℃退火后Tb3 和Na2WO4共掺杂样品的主要结构为SiO2的网状结构。通过三维荧光光谱,荧光激发光谱和发射光谱,分析探讨了Na2WO4对掺稀土离子的SiO2体系发光性质的影响。结果显示,在230nm激发下,样品显示Tb3 的5D4—7Fj(j=4,5,6)和5D3—7Fj(j=4,5,6)发射光谱,在紫外灯的照射下,发射均匀的蓝绿色荧光,说明样品掺杂均匀且分散性较好。Na2WO4的掺入,并不影响Tb3 在SiO2基质中的发射峰的主要位置,但对发光强度有很大的影响,敏化了5D4—7F6蓝色跃迁而猝灭了5D4—7F5绿色跃迁,使材料发射蓝绿色荧光。文章通过所得的能级图,对样品的跃迁机理进行了分析。     

杯[4]芳烃纳米粒子的制备及其光谱性质研究

用再沉淀法制备了一种新型的有机纳米微粒子—杯[4]芳烃纳米粒子(CN),通过透射电镜观察其平均尺寸约为40 nm, 与杯[4]芳烃分子相比具有较好的荧光性能。在弱酸性条件下,适量的Fe3+能使其荧光发生明显猝灭,荧光猝灭值与Fe3+的浓度在一定范围内呈良好线性关系,据此建立了一种测定Fe3+的荧光新方法。在最优化条件下,测得Fe3+的线性范围和检出限分别为1.0×10-6～2.4×10-5 mol·L-1和3.1×10-7 mol·L-1。将其应用于水样中三价铁离子的定量分析,回收率和相对标准偏差都令人满意。     

Importance of knee flexion range of motion during the acute phase after total knee arthroplasty

Background: We investigate the association with knee flexion range of motion (ROM) during the acute phases and that at 12 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We also clarified the cut-off ROM during the acute phases in predicting the goal of knee flexion ROM at 12 months. Methods: In this retrospective study, 193 patients with knee osteoarthritis (female:144 patients, age:73.2 ± 7.7 years) who underwent unilateral TKA at an orthopedic clinic were recruited. They underwent assessments of knee flexion ROM at 5 days, 1 month, and 12 months after TKA. The goal of knee flexion ROM at 12 months after TKA was set at 120°. Single and logistic-regression analyses were performed with the dependent variables including the outcome of the goal of knee flexion ROM at 12 months, and the independent variables included knee flexion ROM at 5 days and 1 month, separately. We calculated the cut-off ROM at 5 days and 1 month for predicting the goal of knee flexion ROM at 12 months with receiver operating curve analysis. Results: Knee flexion ROM at 5 days and 1 month were significantly associated with the goal of that at 12 months (p < 0.01). The cut-off ROM were 85° at 5 days and 105° at 1 month separately. Conclusions: Our results suggest the importance of early improvement in knee flexion ROM after TKA, and that at 1 month postoperatively indicates the likelihood of achievement of the goal of knee flexion ROM at 12 months after TKA.     

Tb3+离子在碱土金属正硅酸盐中的发光

Tb3+离子激活的Me2SiO4(Me=Ca、Sr、Ba)发光材料是用分析纯试剂合成并加以提纯的BaCO3、SrCO3、CaCO3、H2SiO3、Li2CO3和Tb2(C2O4)3为原料,通过固态反应的合成方法而制成的。由X-光衔射谱,确定了样品的结构。通过荧光测量,探讨了Tb3+离子在碱土金属正硅酸盐中的发光行为。     

Photodynamic therapy of non-melanoma skin cancers

In this prospective study duly approved from Institutional Ethics Review Committee for research in medicine, PAEC General Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan, we investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability along with cosmetic outcome of topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for superficial nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) and their precursors. Patients with Histological diagnosis of NMSCs and their precursors were assessed for PDT, after photographic documentation of the lesions and written consent, underwent two (2) sessions of PDT in one month (4 weeks) according to standard protocol. A freshly prepared 20% 5-ALA in Unguentum base was applied under occlusive dressing for 4–6 h as Drug Light Interval (DLI) and irradiated with light of 630 nm wavelength from a diode laser at standard dose of 90 J/cm². Approximately 11% patients reported pain during treatment which was managed in different simple ways. In our study we regularly followed up the patients for gross as well as histopathological response and recurrence free periods during median follow-up of 24 months. Regarding Basal cell carcinomas complete response was observed in 86.2% (25/29), partial response in 10.3% (3/29) and recurrence during first year in 3.5% (1/29) lesions. All the lesions which showed partial response or recurrence were nBCCs. Regarding Actinic Keratosis complete response was observed in 95.3% (20/21), partial response in 4.7% (1/21) while Bowen’s disease showed 100% (2/2) results. 81.8% (9/11) Squamous Cell Carcinomas showed complete, 9% (1/11) partial response and 9% (1/11) presented with recurrence after 3 months. We observed excellent and good cosmetic results along with tumor clearance in our study. Treatment sessions were well tolerated with high level of patient’s satisfaction and only minor side effects of pain during treatment sessions and inflammatory changes post photodynamic therapy were observed. We concluded that 5-ALA PDT is an effective and safe emerging treatment modality for management of superficial non-melanoma skin cancers and their precursors with better cosmetic outcome and minor side effects.     

水热法与固相法制备Ca2B5O9Cl:Eu光谱特性的研究

对比研究了制备方法(水热法与高温固相法)、激发条件、Eu离子浓度对Ca2B5O9Cl:Eu发光体光谱特性及制备条件对晶体形貌的影响.结果表明,水热法制备的Ca2B5O9Cl:Eu发光体在254 nm激发下主要以Eu3 的5D0→7FJ(J=1,2,3,4)跃迁发射为主,365 nm激发下则以Eu2 的4f65d1→8S7/2跃迁发射为主.高温固相法制备的发光体在365 nm激发下主要是Eu2 的4f65d1→8S7/2跃迁发射,而254 nm激发下Eu2 和Eu3 的发射均较弱.Eu浓度对Ca2B5O9Cl : Eu的光谱特性影响较小,而制备方法和激发条件却对其影响较大.SEM揭示了空气条件与还原气氛制备的产品结晶完美、表面光滑、颗粒度在0.82～1.06 μm之间.     

水热法制备YVO_4:Eu~(3+)的热处理及其发光性能

用水热法制备的YVO4:Eu3+分别在400～800℃下进行热处理,研究了所得样品的结构及其发光性能。实验结果表明:所得样品都为单相结构,随着热处理温度的升高,样品的结晶度变好,颗粒变大。在紫外光谱范围,YVO4:Eu3+的激发光谱由VO43-的吸收带和Eu3+的电荷迁移带组成。在真空紫外(VUV),激发光谱由基质吸收,Y3+、O2-的电荷迁移带组成。发射光谱均为Eu3+的5D0→7FJ(J=1,2,4)跃迁。紫外和真空紫外激发下,样品的发光强度比未经过热处理的样品有显著增强,归因于样品的结晶度的提高和OH-、VO43-等发光猝灭离子的去除。     

发粉红色荧光的含铽络合物光谱表征

本文报道合成了可发出粉红色荧光的含铽络合物２－萘甲酸－邻菲罗啉－铽，并对其进行了荧光光谱及红外光谱研究，结果表明，由于２－萘甲酸，邻菲罗啉配体的混配作用，使铽离子的＾５Ｄ４－＾７Ｆ３跃迁产生较强的６１５ｎｍ发射峰，其发射强度大于由＾５Ｄ４－＾７Ｆ５跃迁产生的５４５ｎｍ发射峰，因而络合行发出粉红色荧光。     

Soft tissue response in the rabbit larynx following implantation of Lactosorb (PLA/PGA copolymer) prosthesis for medialization laryngoplasty

This project is designed to provide initial data regarding the use of polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid (PLA/PGA) copolymer ("LactoSorb" [Walter Lorenz Corp]), an alloplastic, resorbable material, as a prosthesis in an animal model of vocal fold medialization. Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were utilized for left medialization laryngoplasty with LactoSorb implants after undergoing left recurrent laryngeal nerve section. At 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, the rabbits were sacrificed and their larynges were evaluated both grossly and histologically for tissue response to, and resorption characteristics of the implant, tissue cellularity, maintenance of vocal fold medialization, and airway patency. Additionally, 4 rabbits were used as controls, implanted with silicone rubber medialization implants, and sacrificed at 9 months for comparison. One rabbit underwent no surgery and was likewise used as a control. Grossly, no airway obstruction was noted, and no extrusions of the implants occurred. The LactoSorb implant maintained medialization in each group of sacrificed rabbits. Histologic findings revealed a very discrete, fibrous capsule around the implant in the 1- and 3-month rabbits, and the LactoSorb was still grossly visible. At 6 months, the thin fibrous capsule partially remained; at 9 months, the capsule was no longer evident, and the implant was no longer grossly visible. Endoscopic findings at the time of sacrifice in those rabbits implanted with silicone rubber included grossly patent airways with maintenance of medialization. In the rabbits implanted with silicone rubber, the histologic findings are similar to those described elsewhere. LactoSorb, because of its intermittent resorption rate, could offer an ideal alternative to currently utilized temporary, or resorbable, materials, and as such will hopefully prove an invaluable tool in the laryngologist's treatment planning and surgical repair of the patient with a paralyzed vocal fold.     

Validity and Reliability of the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI)

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is present in up to 50% of patients with voice disorders. Currently, there is no validated instrument that documents symptom severity in LPR. We developed the reflux symptom index (RSI), a self-administered nine-item outcomes instrument for LPR. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the RSI. For validity assessment, 25 patients with LPR were evaluated prospectively before and six months after b.i.d. treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Each patient completed the RSI as well as the 30-item voice handicap index (VHI). For reliability assessment, the study patients were given the RSI on two separate occasions before the initiation of treatment. Normative RSI data were derived from 25 age-matched and gender-matched controls taken from an existing database of asymptomatic individuals without any evidence of LPR. The mean RSI (+/- standard deviation) of patients with LPR improved from 21.2 (+/- 10.7) to 12.8 (+/- 10.0), and the mean VHI improved from 52.2 (+/- 24.7) to 41.5 (+/- 25.0) after 6 months of therapy (p = 0.001 and 0.065, respectively). Of the three VHI subscales (emotional, physical, functional), only the functional subscale improved significantly (p = 0.037). Patients who experienced a five point or better improvement in RSI were 11 times more likely to experience a five-point improvement in VHI (95% confidence interval = 1.7, 76.8). For reliability assessment, the first and second pretreatment RSIs were 19.9 (+/- 11.1) and 20.9 (+/- 9.6), respectively (correlation coefficient = 0.81, p < 0.001). The single-item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.41 to 0.91 (p < 0.05 for all items). The mean pretreatment RSI in patients with LPR was significantly higher than controls (21.2 versus 11.6; p < 0.001). The mean RSI of patients with LPR after 6 months of PPI therapy approached that of asymptomatic controls (p > 0.05). The RSI is easily administered, highly reproducible, and exhibits excellent construct and criterion-based validity.     

SrIn2O4:Sm3+红色荧光粉的发光特性

采用燃烧法合成了SrIn2O4:Sm3+红色荧光粉并研究了其发光性质.发射光谱由位于红橙区的3个主要荧光发射峰组成,峰值分别为568,606,660 nm,对应Sm3+的4G5/2→6H5/2、4G5/2→6H7/2和4G5/2→6H9/2特征跃迁发射,其中606 nm的发射最强.激发光谱包括峰值位于323,413 n...