Fluctuation on Brownian motor in the presence of entropic barrier

Transporting velocity of a loaded Brownian motor with entropic barrier is investigated in the presence of an asymmetric unbiased force. It is found that in the presence of the entropic barrier, the stall force of the Brownian motor does not change monotonously with temperature. The average velocity of the Brownian motor is a peaked function of thermal noise and amplitude of the asymmetric unbiased external force, which indicates that a definite fluctuation can facilitate the loaded Brownian motor moving. With the increase of the load, the range of temperature and amplitude of the asymmetric unbiased external force for Brownian motor working become smaller. The limited area for Brownian motor working is given on the load-temperature plane. The threshold of fluctuation for Brownian motor working is found, and the minimum of asymmetric parameter of unbiased external force for Brownian motor working is given.     

轴向间距对压气机失速特性的影响

采取在静子叶片表面埋入微型压力传感器的方法,对叶尖、叶中和叶根三个截面上的动态压力进行测量,实验研究了六个轴向间距下压气机的旋转失速特性。实验结果表明:轴向间距对压气机失速点的流量系数影响很大,转静子轴向间距减少,压气机失速推迟;压气机刚进入旋转失速的模态与轴向间距有关,轴向间距较大时,压气机首先进入多团全叶高旋转失速,当轴向间距为21％CR时,压气机直接进入单团全叶高旋转失速;轴向间距不同,近失速点的压力扰动也存在差别。     

Collective Transport of Coupled Brownian Motors with Low Randomness

The transport properties of coupled Brownian motors in rocking ratchet are investigated via solving Langevin equation. By means of velocity, diffusion coefficient, and their ratio （Peclet number）, different features from a single particle have been found. In the regime of low-to-moderate D, the average velocity of elastically coupled Brownian motors is larger than that of a single Brownian particles; the Peclet number of elastically coupled Brownian motors is peaked functions of intensity of noise D but the Peclet number of a single Brownian motor decreases monotonously with the increase of a single Brownian motor. The results exhibit an interesting cooperative behavior between coupled particles subjected to a rocking force, which can generate directed transport with low randomness or high transport coherence in symmetrical periodic potential.     

Performances estimation of a rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor based on two-dimension analytical model

The understanding of ultrasonic motor performances as a function of input parameters, such as the voltage amplitude, driving frequency, the preload on the rotor, is a key to many applications and control of ultrasonic motor. This paper presents performances estimation of the piezoelectric rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor as a function of input voltage amplitude and driving frequency and preload. The Love equation is used to derive the traveling wave amplitude on the stator surface. With the contact model of the distributed spring-rigid body between the stator and rotor, a two-dimension analytical model of the rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor is constructed. Then the performances of stead rotation speed and stall torque are deduced. With MATLAB computational language and iteration algorithm, we estimate the performances of rotation speed and stall torque versus input parameters respectively. The same experiments are completed with the optoelectronic tachometer and stand weight. Both estimation and experiment results reveal the pattern of performance variation as a function of its input parameters.     

Monte-Carlo Simulation of Multiple-Molecular-Motor Transport

Multimotor transport is studied by Monte-Carlo simulation with consideration of motor detachment from the filament. Our work shows, in the case of low load, the velocity of multi-motor system can decrease or increase with increasing motor numbers depending on the single motor force-velocity curve. The stall force and run-length reduced greatly compared to other models. Especially in the case of low ATP concentrations, the stall force of multi motor transport even smaller than the single motor＇s stall force.     

Visualization of transient three-dimensional flow field with rotating stall in a diagonal flow fan

An Unsteady flow field with rotating stall cells in a high specific-speed diagonal flow fan has been investigated experimentally. Although a general feature of stall cells has already indicated, i.e., the number of stall cells is one and its propagating speed is approximately 80 percent of rotor speed, little has been known about the flow field when a rotating stall occurs because of its unsteadiness. In order to capture the behavior of the rotating stall cell, measurements of the flow field at the rotor inlet were carried out with a single slant hot-wire. Those data were processed by a so-called “double phase-locked averaging” (DPLA) technique, which enabled to capture the flow field of the cell in the reference co-ordinate system fixed to the rotor. As a result, time-dependent ensemble averages of the three-dimensional velocity components at the rotor inlet have been obtained and the behavior of the rotating stall cell has been illustrated with each velocity component.     

旋转进口畸变与轴流压气机旋转失速相关联的模型与实验探索

本文自行设计了轴流压气机旋转进口畸变发生装置.基于M-G模型,建立了轴流压气机旋转畸变模型.采用数值模拟和实验测量相结合的方法研究了轴流压气机在发生旋转进口畸变情况下的失速过程.试图通过分析畸变扰动与旋转失速之间关联性来探索压气机失稳的触发机理.研究结果表明:在旋转畸变条件下,压气机旋转失速总是始发于畸变扰动位置.     

A traveling wave ultrasonic motor of high torque

A traveling wave ultrasonic motor of high torque with a new configuration is proposed in this paper. In the new design, a part of the motor serves as the stator. The rotor is the vibrator consisting of a toothed metal ring with piezoelectric ceramic bonded, which generates ultrasonic vibration. The rotor is in contact with the shell of motor and is driven by the friction between the rotor and the stator. This configuration not only removes the rotor in a conventional type of traveling wave ultrasonic motor but also changes the interaction between the rotor and the stator of the motor so that it improves the output performance of the motor. Although an electric brush is added to the ultrasonic motor, it is easy to be fabricated because of the low speed of motor. The finite element method was used to compute the vibration modes of an ultrasonic motor with a diameter of 100mm to optimize the design of the motor. A 9th mode was chosen as the operation mode with a resonance frequency about 25 kHz. According to the design, a prototype was fabricated. Its performance was measured. The rotation speed-torque curves for various frequencies were obtained. The result shows that its stall torque is greater than 4 Nm within a range of 400 Hz. This ultrasonic motor was used to drive the window glass of a mobile car and the result was satisfactory. In the further the research on the friction material between the stator and the rotor is under way to improve the efficiency of the ultrasonic motor.     

Motor-driven bacterial flagella and buckling instabilities

Many types of bacteria swim by rotating a bundle of helical filaments also called flagella. Each filament is driven by a rotary motor and a very flexible hook transmits the motor torque to the filament. We model it by discretizing Kirchhoff’s elastic-rod theory and develop a coarse-grained approach for driving the helical filament by a motor torque. A rotating flagellum generates a thrust force, which pushes the cell body forward and which increases with the motor torque. We fix the rotating flagellum in space and show that it buckles under the thrust force at a critical motor torque. Buckling becomes visible as a supercritical Hopf bifurcation in the thrust force. A second buckling transition occurs at an even higher motor torque. We attach the flagellum to a spherical cell body and also observe the first buckling transition during locomotion. By changing the size of the cell body, we vary the necessary thrust force and thereby obtain a characteristic relation between the critical thrust force and motor torque. We present a elaborate analytical model for the buckling transition based on a helical rod which quantitatively reproduces the critical force-torque relation. Real values for motor torque, cell body size, and the geometry of the helical filament suggest that buckling should occur in single bacterial flagella. We also find that the orientation of pulling flagella along the driving torque is not stable and comment on the biological relevance for marine bacteria.     

Standing wave brass-PZT square tubular ultrasonic motor

This paper reports a standing wave brass-PZT tubular ultrasonic motor. The motor is composed of a brass square tube with two teeth on each tube end. Four PZT plates are attached to the outside walls of the brass tube. The motor requires only one driving signal to excite vibration in a single bending mode to generate reciprocating diagonal trajectories of teeth on the brass tube ends, which drive the motor to rotate. Bi-directional rotation is achieved by exciting different pairs of PZT plates to switch the bending vibration direction. Through using the brass-PZT tube structure, the motor can take high magnitude vibration to achieve a high output power in comparison to PZT tube based ultrasonic motors. Prototypes are fabricated and tested. The dimension of the brass-PZT tube is 3.975 mm × 3.975 mm × 16 mm. Measured performance is a no-load speed of >1000 RPM, a stall torque of 370 μNm and a maximum output power of 16 mW when a sinusoidal driving voltage of 50 V is applied. The working frequencies of the motor are 46,050 Hz (clockwise) and 46,200 Hz (counter-clockwise).     

布朗马达的定向输运模型

将系统利用非平衡涨落能量做功，看作是布朗马达受到内外噪声作用的结果，并建立相应的含阻尼、双噪声的扩散模型．通过解析计算和数值模拟，在一维惯性锯齿势中，阐明了乘性噪声驱动布朗马达定向运动的机理，分析了黏滞阻力对定态流的影响．作为应用，解释了单个马达蛋白梯跳运动的实验现象． 关键词：     

低速轴流压气机旋转失速先兆特征的实验分析

本文对低速轴流压气机旋转失速先兆特征进行了分析．观测到动叶进口处模态波型失速先兆沿周向的结构变化特征和相位移动特征；比较了不同转速条件下的先兆发展规律；采用改变节流阀速率的方法，观测了外部激励对模态波发展的影响；从实时捕捉失速先兆的目的出发，对失速前期低频信号的演化特征进行了分析．     

进气畸变对压气机稳定性的影响

在低速大尺寸单级压气机实验器上,实验研究了动态进气畸变对压气机稳定边界的影响。并采取在静子叶片表面埋入微型压力传感器的方法,分析了压气机流场的动态压力特性。实验结果表明,动态总压畸变的旋转频率和旋转方向对压气机稳定性有很大的影响,当畸变相对转速n在0~+0．5之间时,压气机失速推迟;分析动态压力的频谱特性后知道,在压气机失速前一般存在与失速相关的压力扰动,动态总压畸变影响这种压力扰动,从而影响压气机的不稳定流动状态。     

被动控制装置改进轴流风机失速余度的实验研究

1前言近年来，使用被动控制装置改进风机的失速特性一直引起风机设计和研究人员的重视。例如：在转子前加装可调进口导叶，在转子叶尖区吹气和放气，机匣处理装置（轴向、斜向和周向开缝）等来抑制风机失速的技术已被实际应用。但这些装置仍然存在着一些缺点。例如：降低了风机的最高效率尚2％－4％），改进失速余度的范围小，大约只有20％的流量失速金度的改进．以及装置本身结构复杂，增加了造价。因而一种被称为空气分流器的被动控制技术，首先由NBAHOB；C．K申请了专利川。由于空气分流器在控制轴流风机失速有很好的效果，因而许多…     

Implicit method for simulating electrohydrodynamics of polyelectrolytes

We introduce a novel method to couple Lennard-Jones beads to a lattice-Boltzmann fluid by adding a term which represents the slip within the Debye layer with respect to the surrounding fluid. The method produces realistic electrophoretic dynamics of charged free chains, as well as the correct stall force in the limit of a thin Debye layer. Our simulations also demonstrate how a net-neutral polyampholyte can have a nonzero net force due to hydrodynamic interactions. This method represents an efficient way to simulate a wide variety of complex problems in electrohydrodynamics.     

基于STM32F4的电机控制系统设计

为改善步进电机堵转、失步、超步等问题,提高步进精度,使步进电机能够快速准确定位,提出基于STM32F4微控制器的步进电机控制系统设计。通过改变PWM输出定时器的预分频值控制电机转速,直线阶梯形升降速算法实现调速;采用DMA方式控制电机脉冲数量,实现位置精确控制。实验以及实际应用情况表明,阶梯形升降速算法以及DMA方式位置控制算法能够满足一般要求,系统误差为±0.01度。系统精确度高、性能可靠、扩展性强,具有较高的应用价值。     

高速压气机不稳定流动声测量技术研究

本文叙述了用声测量技术研究高速压气机的旋转不稳定特性、失速先兆及失速过程,建立了一套测量方法、测量系统,测量了高速压气机管道内声场的时域波形、频谱和管道声模态,结果分析表明:在没有激波的条件下高速压气机的管道声场中也存在低速压气机中可能存在的不稳定分量,但在有激波存在时无法分辨激波分量和不稳定分量,也未发现激波噪声分量的模态特征。所建立的测量系统具有高速、大容量、连续采集多通道信号的能力,并有快速计算频谱和模态的功能,使这种测量技术可成为一种常规研究压气机不稳定特性、失速机理和失速过程的有效方法。     

Effects of rebinding rate and asymmetry in unbinding rate on cargo transport by multiple kinesin motors

Many intracellular transports are performed by multiple molecular motors in a cooperative manner.Here,we use stochastic simulations to study the cooperative transport by multiple kinesin motors,focusing mainly on effects of the form of unbinding rate versus force and the rebinding rate of single motors on the cooperative transport.We consider two forms of the unbinding rate.One is the symmetric form with respect to the force direction,which is obtained according to Kramers theory.The other is the asymmetric form,which is obtained from the prior studies for the single kinesin motor.With the asymmetric form the simulated results of both velocity and run length of the cooperative transport by two identical motors and those by a kinesin-1 motor and a kinesin-2 motor are in quantitative agreement with the available experimental data,whereas with the symmetric form the simulated results are inconsistent with the experimental data.For the cooperative transport by a faster motor and a much slower motor,the asymmetric form can give both larger velocity and longer run length than the symmetric form,giving an explanation for why kinesin adopts the asymmetric form of the unbinding rate rather than the symmetric form.For the cooperative transport by two identical motors,while the velocity is nearly independent of the rebinding rate,the run length increases linearly with the rebinding rate.For the cooperative transport by two different motors,the increase of the rebinding rate of one motor also enhances the run length of the cooperative transport.The dynamics of transport by N(N=3,4,5,6,7 and 8)motors is also studied.