有源头靠中一种分布式虚拟传声器优化方法

有源降噪头靠系统中,远程虚拟传声器技术能够解决控制点处与误差传声器处降噪量不匹配的问题。在实际应用中,多通道虚拟传声器技术存在收敛速度慢和运算复杂度高等问题。针对这个问题,本文通过重新设计远程虚拟传声技术的离线优化过程,提出一种分布式远程虚拟传声器技术优化方法。该方法将虚拟次级通路矩阵作对角化限制,同时对观测传递函数矩阵进行联合寻优,以实现一种分布式的更新算法。有源降噪头靠实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效降低远程虚拟传声器技术算法的运算复杂度,并且提升了算法的收敛速度。     

虚拟传声器在有源抗噪声护听器的应用

考察了虚拟传声器应用于有源抗噪声护听器的稳定性和降噪性能。理论上分析了虚拟传声器算法的稳定性,并通过引入反馈控制器和设计次级通道模型使得算法在不同护听器佩戴方式下都保持稳定,获得高噪声衰减和高稳定性。实验结果证实了虚拟传声器的应用可以在耳道口获得更高的窄带噪声衰减,而且所采取的措施可以保证护听器在不同佩戴状态下都能稳定。      

鲁棒性有源头枕系统的设计方法*

为了降低舱室内休息区域乘客双耳处的低频宽带噪声,采用最优维纳滤波器的设计准则,设计出一种基于局域空间有源降噪的多通道前馈有源头枕系统。实验对比了人工头在不同位置处和不同转动角度时两通道和四通道有源头枕系统在人耳处的降噪效果;进一步地,针对人头转动时控制效果变差的情况,提出了一种低复杂度的鲁棒性算法。仿真和实验表明,通道数量增加可使该系统在人耳附近获得更大的降噪量,使用鲁棒性算法的头枕系统在人头转动时有更好的控制性能。     

复杂声学环境中人耳附近空间有源降噪研究综述

复杂声学环境中人耳附近空间降噪是有源噪声控制研究的重要课题,目前采用的主要方法为有源降噪头靠(AHR)和虚拟声屏障(VSB).本文简述AHR与VSB的发展历史和研究现状,介绍其物理原理和设计方法,评述其在实际应用中的优缺点,讨论了目前存在的问题与未来相关的研究方向.已有理论、数值仿真和实验研究验证了相关技术在人耳附近空间产生静区的可行性. AHR系统需要较少控制源,系统相对简单易实现,但静区范围较小,结合虚拟传声器技术和人头跟踪技术后可实现随人头移动的静区,降噪频率可达中高频; VSB产生的静区范围较大,但控制源个数较多,系统复杂和成本高,可通过代价函数和控制源优化,以及主被动混合控制技术来提高有效降噪频率范围和减少控制源个数.     

封闭空间自适应有源噪声控制误差传声器的最优布放

对于封闭空间有源噪声控制,本文研究了在次级声源布放确定的情况下,如何选择误差传声器的数目及位置以取得最大降噪量的问题.理论分析及仿真结果表明:误差传声器布放准则与次级声源布放准则类似.同时,本文提出误差信号内插法,以减少误差传声器数目,提高降噪量.     

虚拟声屏障在变压器低频降噪中的实验研究

针对开口房间内的变压器,在开口处布放若干扬声器和误差传声器构成虚拟声屏障,实验研究了虚拟声屏障对通过开口向外辐射的低频线谱噪声的控制效果。将15个次级源近似均匀分布在面积为2 m′ 2.7 m的开口面上,左右间距约58.5 cm、上下间距45-65 cm,15个误差传声器分别位于对应的次级源正前方1 m,系统采用自适应谐波降噪算法。结果表明：虚拟声屏障系统在误差点100 Hz、200 Hz和300 Hz的平均降噪量分别达到12.7 dB、19.9 dB和22.2 dB,虚拟声屏障对100 Hz、200 Hz、300 Hz线谱噪声的控制效果与单层封闭窗户相当,且内部合成参考信号,无需外接参考传声器。采用虚拟声屏障对开口房间内的变压器降噪的好处是实现室内外的自然通风,便于变压器的散热。     

用于开口声辐射控制的虚拟声屏障实现 方法及机理研究*

建筑物通常留有开口以便人员物料的进出及室内的自然通风采光,但这些开口也是噪声传播的途径。传统被动噪声控制方法需要将开口封闭,且对低频噪声的控制效果不好,故引入有源噪声控制技术降低室内声源通过开口的声辐射。基于惠更斯原理,均布开口的次级源和误差传声器构成的平面型虚拟声屏障可以实现对开口声辐射的有效控制,数值仿真和实验已证明其有效性。将次级源安装在开口边界更有利于保留开口的功能且方便实际安装,但这样的单层边界虚拟声屏障降噪效果存在上限,仅能在低频段实现全局控制。和单层边界次级源相比,双层边界次级源可显著提高降噪量和有效降噪频率上限。该文回顾了开口声辐射有源控制的相关工作,并讨论了未来可能的研究方向。     

人头散射对虚拟声屏障的性能影响分析

在噪声来自于多个方向的普通房间中,通过立体结构的虚拟声屏障(Virtual Sound Barrier,VSB)系统能够产生比人头大的静区。实际应用中人头处于系统包围的静区内,必须考虑人头的散射作用对系统的影响。数值模拟表明,由于人头的散射作用,在人头附近,声压降低量分布更为均匀,系统性能可能变好也可能变坏,与误差传感器包围区域的半径及噪声频率有关。系统性能随系统物理配置的变化趋势,与未引入人头时是一致的。人头可以在系统包围的静区内移动,随着人头偏离系统中心,降噪效果会下降,但即使人头偏离至系统包围静区的边缘,仍有10 dB以上的降噪。实验给出一种实用的圆柱状分布的16通道的VSB系统,引入人头后系统性能变好了。当人头在该系统包围的静区内移动时,即使频率达到500 Hz,降噪效果最差仍达13.3 dB。     

几种管道有源降噪器控制系统频率响应函数的确定

管道有源降噪器的控制系统根据传声器检测到的噪声信号,经过加工处理,产生激励次级声源的信号,使其产生的声波在下游与原来的噪声相抵消。控制系统应具备的频率响应函数取决于次级声源及检测传声器的配置,及其本身的频率响应。本文推导了在常用的几种不同次级声源和检测传声器配置下,所需的控制系统的频率响应函数;并介绍了一种测量传声器及扬声器在管道中的频率响应的方法。它们为控制系统的设计提供了依据。     

基于脉冲声分离的刚性球散射声控制

提出了一种基于脉冲声的三维空间中刚性球散射声分离方法,并利用前馈、固定系数控制方式对分离出的散射声进行有源控制,抑制散射声强度,实现了刚性球散射体在观测点处“声学不可见”。该方法利用脉冲信号作为初级噪声,通过有无刚性球时传声器采集脉冲信号的差值确定散射声大小,实现散射声与声源直达声的分离。对分离出的散射声进行多通道有源控制以验证该文所提分离方法及控制系统的有效性。实验结果表明,700~1000 Hz范围内,有源控制开启后,双通道散射声的平均降噪量大于5 dB,多通道散射声的平均降噪量大于8 dB,且误差传声器处采集的残余声场与无刚性球时采集的初级声场信号波形基本一致,实现了刚性球散射体在误差传声器处“声学不可见”。此外,参考传声器布放位置的选取问题也在该文做了详细讨论。     

Broadband performance of an active headrest.

This paper presents a study of the attenuation of broadband random acoustic disturbances, when using a feedback active headrest system, as originally suggested by Olson and May. Previous studies showed that a practical active headrest can be designed for tonal disturbances using feedforward controllers. However, many applications, such as jet aircraft and cars, require feedback systems to control random disturbances over a wide frequency bandwidth. In this work, robust feedback controllers are designed to control broadband random disturbances in the low-frequency range based on measured data from a laboratory headrest system. The results show that a practically useful performance can be achieved, but only if the controller is designed to minimize the pressure at a "virtual microphone" close to the listener's ears, and that the performance is maintained reasonably well with movements of the listener's head. The paper emphasizes the importance of both the acoustics and the control in the design of broadband active headrest systems.     

Evaluation of a noise reduction system for the assessment of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions

A recently proposed noise reduction system intended to facilitate the assessment of click-evoked otoacoustic emission (CEOAE) in noisy environments [Comput. Biol. Med. 30, 341 (2000)] is evaluated using 13 normally hearing ears and 9 ears with a sensorineural hearing loss. The noise reduction system is based on an adaptive noise canceller design using an additional noise-only reference microphone and intended to reduce externally generated noise. The system is tested in quiet and at different levels of white noise. The three main design parameters of the noise reduction system (adaptation time constant, length of the adaptive filter, and position of the noise reference microphone) are varied systematically in different experiments. With the noise reduction system active, CEOAE can be assessed correctly at noise levels which are 5 to 9 dB higher than without the noise reduction system. For the range of adaptation time constants considered (65.6 to 656 ms), no statistically significant effect on the amount of noise reduction is observed. Noise reduction is highest when the reference microphone is positioned close to the ear probe. Using this reference microphone position and adaptive filters of 6.56 ms in length, average noise reductions of 7.17 to 8.50 dB are achieved.     

A nonlinear active noise control algorithm for virtual microphones controlling chaotic noise

In active noise control (ANC) systems, virtual microphones provide a means of projecting the zone of quiet away from the physical microphone to a remote location. To date, linear ANC algorithms, such as the filtered-x least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm, have been used with virtual sensing techniques. In this paper, a nonlinear ANC algorithm is developed for a virtual microphone by integrating the remote microphone technique with the filtered-s least mean square (FSLMS) algorithm. The proposed algorithm is evaluated experimentally in the cancellation of chaotic noise in a one-dimensional duct. The secondary paths evaluated experimentally exhibit non-minimum phase response and hence poor performance is obtained with the conventional FXLMS algorithm compared to the proposed FSLMS based algorithm. This is because the latter is capable of predicting the chaotic signal found in many physical processes responsible for noise. In addition, the proposed algorithm is shown to outperform the FXLMS based remote microphone technique under the causality constraint (when the propagation delay of the secondary path is greater than the primary path). A number of experimental results are presented in this paper to compare the performance of the FSLMS algorithm based virtual ANC algorithm with the FXLMS based virtual ANC algorithm.     

A moving zone of quiet for narrowband noise in a one-dimensional duct using virtual sensing

A frequent problem in active noise control is that the zone of quiet created at the error sensor tends to be very small. This means that the error sensor generally needs to be located close to an observer's ear, which might not always be a convenient or feasible solution. Virtual sensing is a method that can move the zone of quiet away from the error sensor to a desired location that is spatially fixed. This method has been investigated previously, and has shown potential to improve the performance of an active noise control system. However, it is very likely that the desired location of the zone of quiet is not spatially fixed. An active noise control system incorporating a virtual sensing method thus has to be able to create a moving zone of quiet that tracks the observer's ears. This paper presents a method for creating a moving zone of quiet based on the LMS virtual microphone technique. To illustrate the proposed method, it is implemented in an acoustic duct and narrowband control results are presented. These results show that a moving zone of quiet was effectively created inside the duct for narrowband noise.     

一种基于虚拟传感的无需误差传声器的自适应有源降噪方法*

该文基于虚拟传感技术引入了一种用于耳机的无需误差传声器的自适应有源降噪方法。该算法仅使用一个参考传声器实现了一种前馈和反馈自适应算法结合的有源降噪算法,提高了有源降噪稳定性,简化了耳机硬件结构。利用DSP平台实现了该文提出的方案,并通过实验验证了其良好的降噪性能和实用价值。     

Study on the applicability of instrumental measures for black-box evaluation of static feedback control in hearing aids

Presented is a report on black-box evaluation of feedback control systems for commercial hearing aids. The aim of the study is to examine the ability of existing instrumental measures to quantify the performance of the feedback control system in black-box settings and on realistic signals, when more than one element of the signal processing chain may be active (compression, noise suppression, microphone directionality, etc.). The evaluation is carried out on 6 different hearing aids and for 10 measures. Thereby it is possible to see which measure is best suited to measuring which specific characteristic of the feedback control system, and serves as a beginning for conducting perceptual tests. The study uses static (but variable) feedback paths and is based on signals recorded from the in-ear microphone of an artificial head, on which the hearing instruments are mounted.     

多通道FxAP算法的电动汽车路噪控制

汽车噪声控制是主动噪声控制领域中经典的问题.伴随着电动化的普及,路噪控制将取代内燃机噪声控制,逐渐成为汽车噪声控制的主要领域.针对传统车内路噪控制系统适应性差、算法收敛速度慢、降噪量不足的问题,该文使用了多通道滤波-x仿射投影(FxAP)算法加快收敛速度,从而实现对噪声的快速追踪并控制.通过搭建了车内多通道头靠噪声控制...