WO4- 团簇的氧原子和分子吸附

采用密度泛函方法研究了WO4团簇阴离子和中性分子的性质．WO4-的最稳定的两个构型对称性为C2v和D2h，两者的四个氧原子都是以原子吸附的形式直接接在钨上的．还发现以前实验上预言的WO4 团簇的双氧分子吸附构型其实是WO4-团簇的一个亚稳态同分异构体．这个同分异构体的几何、振动和电子结构性质与实验结果符合的很好．同时还利用含时密度泛函来计算WO4中性分子的低能激发态，并对光电子能谱做了指认．为了解释实验上为什么可以观测到这个亚稳态，提出了合成WO4时的两种可能的反应机制．     

还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸拉曼光谱研究

还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)在维持细胞生长、分化、能量代谢以及细胞保护方面起着非常重要的作用,NADH的无创在体检测具有非常重要的意义。运用激光拉曼散射实验和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了200～3 300 cm-1光谱范围内NADH分子的振动模式特性。DFT计算采用了B3LYP杂化方法,并选用了极化6-311+G(d,p)基组。为了准确的分析NADH分子的振动模式和频率,首先运用B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)理论对NADH分子的基态结构进行了几何优化,并计算了基态结构NADH分子的各个键长和键角。同时考虑到DFT计算中的非谐性,运用波数线性标度方法对所有计算所得振动模式波数重新进行了标度。重新标度后,DFT计算所得的振动模式波数与激光拉曼散射实验观测到的拉曼峰波数吻合的很好：在200～3 300 cm-1整个光谱范围内,计算与实验结果具有非常好的线性相关性,而且大部分振动模式的计算与实验之间的偏差都小于5 cm-1。此外,讨论了实验观察所得拉曼光谱的分子振动模式归属,分析了NADH分子中腺嘌呤、烟酰胺、及二核苷酸的特征振动模式,并初步提出了运用拉曼光谱实现NADH快速准确无创在体检测的方法。位于732 cm-1处的拉曼峰是腺嘌呤的特征振动模式,而且可以选为检测NADH分子的最特征拉曼峰。位于1 690 cm-1处的拉曼峰是烟酰胺的特征振动模式,可以选为进一步准确检测NADH分子的另一个特征拉曼峰。位于1 086和1 339 cm-1两处拉曼峰的组合可以作为二核苷酸的特征振动模式,用于进一步更准确的检测NADH分子。所以在运用拉曼光谱法实现NADH快速准确无创在体检测时,可以首先运用位于732 cm-1处NADH分子的最特征振动模式进行快速检测,然后再运用位于1 690 cm-1及1 086和1 339 cm-1组合等特征振动模式进行准确分析。     

Synthesis and Raman spectroscopic investigation of a new self‐assembly monolayer material 4‐[N‐phenyl‐N‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐amino]‐benzoic acid for organic light‐emitting devices

We have synthesized 4‐[N‐phenyl‐N‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐amino]‐benzoic acid (4‐[PBA]) and investigated its molecular vibrations by infrared and Raman spectroscopies as well as by calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The Fourier transform (FT) Raman, dispersive Raman and FT‐IR spectra of 4‐[PBA] were recorded in the solid phase. We analyzed the optimized geometric structure and energies of 4‐[PBA] in the ground state. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization was studied using natural bond orbital analysis. The results show that change in electron density in the σ* and π* antibonding orbitals and E₂ energies confirm the occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer within the molecule. Theoretical calculations were performed at the DFT level using the Gaussian 09 program. Selected experimental bands were assigned and characterized on the basis of the scaled theoretical wavenumbers by their total energy distribution. The good agreement between the experimental and theoretical spectra allowed positive assignment of the observed vibrational absorption bands. Finally, the calculation results were applied to simulate the Raman and IR spectra of the title compound, which show agreement with the observed spectra. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2,3-二氯吡嗪的红外、拉曼光谱和密度泛函研究

应用KBr压片法、熔融法分别测定了2,3-二氯吡嗪(2,3-DCP)结晶相和液相下400～4 000 cm-1范围内的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),及其600～4 000 cm-1内的傅里叶变换拉曼光谱(FT-Raman)。采用密度泛函(DFT)理论之B3LYP方法在6-311++G(2df,2pd)基组水平上优化了该分子的平衡几何结构,基于此结构应用谐性力场计算获得了2,3-DCP的振动频率、红外强度和拉曼活性并进一步计算了直到四阶的非谐性力场,将该力场带入标准旋振哈密顿量并利用二阶微扰理论获得了更加准确的振动频率,相应的红外、拉曼光谱。通过非谐力场获得的振动频率位置结合谐性强度与实验结果比对,对2,3-DCP的各振动带进行了详细指认,采用简正坐标分析方法得到各振动频率的势能分布(PED),首次对2,3-DCP的振动光谱进行了全面归属。结果同时显示：考虑非谐性效应后的理论结果大大提高了振动频率的预测性,用其获得的振动频率能很好的再现实验基频,其与实验值差异大多保持在10 cm-1以下,即使在谐振预期很差的高频区域,考虑非谐效应后这种差异也迅速降低到19 cm-1以下,这对正确归属和预期振动光谱是十分有帮助的。目前的结论也可推广应用到其他分子体系。     

Raman spectroscopy of seized drugs and density functional theory interpretation

Abstract

The demand for a hand-held Raman spectrometer in the fast and accurate detection and identification of seized drugs is much higher than before, especially when facing unknown suspicious drugs. However, Raman spectra for the different drugs are less reported due to the inaccessibility of them. Here, we reported the experimental Raman spectra in detail of four typical drugs (such as methamphetamine, ketamine, caffeine, and magu). The Raman vibrational frequencies were also calculated by the method of density functional theory (DFT) at Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) level with the 6-31?G and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The results show that the experimental Raman spectra of these typical drugs are consistent with the theoretical Raman spectra. Using the potential energy distribution (PED) calculation with the GAR2PED program, the assignments of the observed Raman bands to the vibrational modes were presented. Further, methamphetamine and its camouflage N-benzylisopropylamine were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations, and the result showed that the obvious differences of the Raman characteristic bands for these two samples could be found so that Raman technique could be used to identify the authenticity of methamphetamine. All the above results confirm the potential of the approach involving Raman spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations in the characterization of drugs. Based on this, the experimental spectra of seized drugs measured directly through a plastic package were studied. Raman spectroscopy has the advantage of being performed through packaging without disturbing the samples. Polypropylene transparent packaging does not alter the spectra of the drugs but will mask the corresponding bands if the Raman spectrum has a strong autofluorescence interference.     

高温高压下草酸脱羧反应中的拉曼光谱研究

应用水热金刚石压腔结合拉曼光谱技术研究了高温高压下草酸溶液的热稳定,使用拉曼光谱对其脱羧反应及产物进行监测。结果表明低温升温过程中,草酸的拉曼谱图中各个特征振动峰没有发生变化,随着温度的继续升高,其特征振动峰逐渐变弱。达到一定温度后,羧基的拉曼特征峰消失,草酸发生脱羧反应:C2H2O4—2CO2+H2生成CO2和H2。高温高压下草酸发生热分解的温度压力之间呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为P(MPa)=12.839 T(K)-5 953.7,R2=0.99。草酸脱羧反应的摩尔体积变化与温度压力的关系为ΔV(cm-3.mol-1)=16.69-0.002P(MPa)+0.005 2T(K),R2=0.99。     

Structural and vibrational properties of deformedcarbon nanotubes

The fantastic variation of the physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their bundles under mechanical strain and hydrostatic pressure makes them promising materials for fabricating nanoscale electromechanical coupling devices or transducers. In this paper, we review the recent progress in this field, with much emphasis on our first-principles numerical studies on the structural and vibrational properties of the deformed CNTs under uniaxial and torsional strains, and hydrostatic pressure. The nonresonant Raman spectra of the deformed CNTs are also introduced, which are calculated by the first-principles calculations and the empirical bond polarizability model.     

Structural and vibrational properties of deformed carbon nanotubes

The fantastic variation of the physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their bundles under mechanical strain and hydrostatic pressure makes them promising materials for fabricating nanoscale electromechanical coupling devices or transducers. In this paper, we review the recent progress in this field, with much emphasis on our first-principles numerical studies on the structural and vibrational properties of the deformed CNTs under uniaxial and torsional strains, and hydrostatic pressure. The nonresonant Raman spectra of the deformed CNTs are also introduced, which are calculated by the first-principles calculations and the empirical bond polarizability model.      

高压下1,1’-二羟基-5,5’-联四唑二羟胺盐的振动光谱及同位素效应

用密度泛函理论方法研究1,1’-二羟基-5,5’-联四唑二羟胺盐(HATO)晶体在高压(<40 GPa)下性质。在GGA-PW91计算水平并结合超软势基组对HATO晶体结构进优化,其优化结构能再现实验结果。分子间O…H间距随压力的增加而显著减小;但O—H和N—H键长呈现非单调变化。基于不同压力下的优化晶体结构,利用非周期性计算并经校正因子0.967 9校正,求得相应压力下的红外和拉曼谱。预测最强拉曼峰对应于C—C伸缩和NH₂对称变形,位于1 580 cm-1,与实验结果一致。虽然阴离子不含氢原子,但阳离子的氘代仍对阴离子的振动光谱产生影响。高压导致分子间氢键增强,导致参与氢键的O—H和O—D振动的拉曼波数减小。氘代后,ND₂的拉曼位移的最明显变化是ν₂伸缩振动波数在高压下急剧增加,导致ND₂ ν₂/ν₃在高压下发生偶合。计算出的ν₁至ν₃振动的同位素效应比ν(NH₂)/ν(ND₂)均为1.36～1.38,与由折合质量所求得的值相一致。氘代和压力的变化可引起不同振动模式的偶合。     

组氨酸电离能与红外光谱的密度泛涵理论计算研究

采用混合密度泛涵理论中的B3LYP方法,结合4种基组6-31G(d),6-31G(df, p),6-31+G(d)和6-311+G(2d, 2p),系统计算了光合反应中心叶绿素的配位体-组氨酸在空气、四碌化碳、四氢呋喃、水和蛋白质模拟环境中的几何结构、电离能、红外光谱及同位素标记谱。计算及分析结果表明：组氨酸分子的几何参数在不同计算基组和介质中略有不同,且C₂—N₃,N₃—C₄的键长在空气中最大;同一介质中,增大计算基组和采用扩散函数,均使计算的单点势能和振动频率降低,电离能增加,对应光谱强度增高;而同一计算方法下,介质的电介常数越高,分子的单点势能越低,电离能越小,对应的振动频率减小强度增加;另外,电离能和主要特征峰位及其15N和13C标记谱的计算结果与文献中的实验结果相吻合。所有计算均显示,高基组和施加扩散函数的计算结果与实验更接近。该研究为深入探索叶绿素与组氨酸配位后在光合反应中心的功能与振动光谱特性提供理论参考依据。     

磷酸钠结构的高温拉曼光谱研究

用高温拉曼光谱仪测定了固态和熔融态磷酸钠(Na3PO4)晶体的光谱,分析了磷酸钠晶体的结构及其随温度的变化。通过对从常温谱到高温谱的解析,得出主峰波数随温度的变化及主峰半高宽的变化,可以观察到在600 K附近及1773 K有两个相变产生。此外,磷酸钠晶体的相关高温DSC检测分析,也和拉曼谱中发现的两个相变符合。量子化学理论计算同时对该体系的P-O键振动和平均键长进行了模拟,随着键长的增加,对应的振动频率会降低。还确认了磷酸钠Raman光谱中各个峰的归属,938 cm-1波数处的峰属于(PO4)3-中P-O键的对称伸缩振动,是Na3PO4的特征峰,425及580 cm-1处峰属于磷氧四面体的弯曲振动。     

Molecular structure,vibrational spectroscopic studies and NBO analysis of the 3,5‐dichlorophenylboronic acid molecule by the density functional method

In this study, the Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) and FT‐Raman spectra of 3,5‐dichlorophenylboronicacid (3,5‐dcpba) were recorded in the solid phase. The structural and spectroscopic analysis of the 3,5‐dichlorophenylboronic was made by using density functional harmonic calculations. There are three conformers for this molecule. The computational results diagnose the most stable conformer of 3,5‐dcpba as the ct form. The geometrical parameters and energies have been obtained for all three conformers from DFT (B3LYP) with 6‐311+ + G(d,p) basis set calculations. The vibrations of stable and unstable conformers of 3,5‐dcpba are researched by using quantum chemical calculations. The complete assignments were performed on the basis of the total energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes calculated with the scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. The stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The results show that the charge in electron density (ED) in the π* and σ* antibonding orbitals and E2 energies confirms the occurrence of ıntermolecular charge transfer (ICT) within the molecule. Finally, the calculation results were applied to simulated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound, which show agreement with the observed spectra. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pulsed laser operation of Y b-dope d KY(WO(4))(2) and KGd(WO(4))(2)

Spectroscopic properties and laser performance of Y b-doped tungstates at pulsed Ti:sapphire laser pumping are reported. Room-temperature lasing near 1025nm is demonstrated in Yb:KY(WO(4))(2) and Yb:KGd(WO(4))(2), with a slope efficiency as great as 86.9%.     

基于密度泛函理论的莫西沙星振动光谱研究

莫西沙星作为第四代氟喹诺酮类抗生素被大量的使用,在人体以及家畜体内会有药物残留,危害每个人的生命健康。为了避免人体二次摄入,能够快速检测肉制品中是否含有莫西沙星残留的方法尤为重要。为此,采用振动光谱技术结合密度泛函理论方法为莫西沙星的振动光谱检测与鉴定提供基础数据,为其在药品检测领域的应用提供参考。具体研究内容和结果如下：第一步以密度泛函理论为基础（DFT）,构建莫西沙星分子空间结构,利用B3LYP/6-311+G(d)基组优化结构并计算其理论拉曼光谱与红外光谱。理论计算结果发现莫西沙星分子在3 700~2 800与1 800~400 cm-1范围内具有明显的拉曼与红外活性,前者主要是官能团上键的振动,后者为指纹区上键的振动。由于两种光谱信息互补的优越性,首先通过对比理论拉曼光谱与红外光谱,标记出同时具有两种或只具有一种振动活性的振动峰频率,结合Gaussian view显示莫西沙星分子中每个键对应的振动频率进行全面的归属,同时给出莫西沙星分子的键长、键角和二面角等空间结构参数。第二步通过实验测量了莫西沙星（Moxifloxacin,MXF）的自然拉曼光谱（NRS）与红外光谱（IR）。理论计算结果误差由频率校正因子0.973修正,再与实验数据相比较,峰值波数相差大多在0~10 cm-1范围内,计算结果与实验数据基本一致,该结果为莫西沙星的振动光谱检测与鉴定提供基础数据,为其在药品检测领域的应用提供参考。     

XRD studies,vibrational spectra,and molecular structure of 1H‐imidazo [4,5‐b]pyridine based on DFT quantum chemical calculations

The molecular structures and vibrational properties of 1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine in its monomeric and dimeric forms are analyzed and compared to the experimental results derived from the X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), and Raman studies. The theoretical data are discussed on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) quantum chemical calculations using Lee–Yang–Parr correlation functional (B3LYP) and 6‐31G(d,p) basis. This compound crystallizes in orthorhombic structure, space group Pna2₁(C_2v⁹) and Z = 4. The planar conformation of the skeleton and presence of the N H···N hydrogen bond was found to be characteristic for the studied system. The temperature dependence of IR and Raman modes was studied in the range 4–294 K and 8–295 K, respectively. The normal modes, which are unique for the imidazopyridine derivatives are identified. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

异硫氰基-孔雀石绿的拉曼光谱计算及分析

异硫氰基-孔雀石绿(malachite green isothiocyanate,MGITC)是应用于细胞探测,生物组织成分分析和细胞成像等方面的拉曼探针分子.本文首先给出了MGITC分子的结构图,并用密度泛函(DFT)算法对其进行了空间结构优化;然后分别用Hartree-Foek(HF)和MP2两种算法基于STO-3G基组计算了它的拉曼光谱与红外光谱,给出光谱强度图;并对比了两种算法的拉曼光谱图和其实验光谱图,结果显示了很好的一致性;本文还给了MGITC分子中的各个原子键长,键角等空间结构参数;并对MGITC分子在550～4 200cm-1区间的振动谱做了指认.这些工作将促进MGITC作为探针分子在生物学领域的应用.     

Structural,vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis for two tautomers of 4(5)‐(2′‐furyl)‐imidazole

We have synthesized both the 4 and 5 tautomeric forms of 4(5)‐(2′‐furyl)‐imidazole (1) and investigated their molecular vibrations by infrared and Raman spectroscopies as well as by calculation based on the density functional theory (DFT) approach. Examination of the temperature dependence of IR intensity revealed the band characteristics of the 4 and 5 tautomers of (1). Comparison of experimental and calculated chemical shifts in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was made in order to identify the two tautomeric forms. The assignment of vibrational normal modes was performed, and the force field obtained reproduced the experimental vibrational wavenumbers with a root mean‐square deviation (RMSD) value of ca. 13 cm⁻¹ for both tautomers. The natural bond orbital (NBO) study reveals the characteristics of the electronic delocalization of the two tautomeric structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multifrequency parametric infrared Raman generation in KGd(WO(4))(2) crystal with biharmonic ultrashort-pulse pumping

Mutlifrequency parametric Raman generation was carried out in a KGd(WO(4))(2) crystal by use of a dual-wavelength Ti:sapphire laser system. It was found that with femtosecond pump pulses the efficiency of Raman generation is low because of the onset of self-phase modulation. The mechanism for suppression of stimulated Raman scattering by self-phase modulation is discussed. Employing 2-ps-long chirped pulses generated four Stokes and one anti-Stokes component.     

杀草强分子的拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT),在B3LYP杂化泛函,6-31++g(d,p)(C,H,N)和LanL2DZ(Ag)基组下对杀草强分子及其Ag复合物的结构进行了优化;通过频率计算,获得了杀草强分子及其Ag复合物的拉曼光谱,并利用势能函数分布(PED)对拉曼光谱进行了指认,结合SERS光谱推测了杀草强和增强基底之间的吸附方式;采用含时密度泛函理论(time dependent density functional theory,TDDFT)对杀草强分子和杀草强分子-Ag复合物进行了激发态的分析计算。