Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on polymer network formation

This work presents a study of the effect of nanoparticles on polymer composites to develop a powerful polymer dispersed liquid crystal materials. Tri propylene glycol diarcrylate/titanium dioxide nanocomposites were produced at various titanium dioxide fractions ranging between 0 and 1?wt%, through ultraviolet curing technique during 30?min. Different technics such as polarized optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to characterize the samples. A dynamic swelling of polymer network was also investigated. The evolution of the acrylic double-bond conversion shows a decrease in the absorption intensity at 1637?cm^?1. It is noted that the conversion rate decreases from 0.1 to 1?wt% of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. An increase in glass transition temperature is observed by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermogravimetric analysis results reveal a highly improved thermal stability upon the addition of the reinforcing phase. The follow of kinetics swelling of polymer network shows a decrease of the swell ratio with the inclusion of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.     

Using gold colloid nanoparticles to modulate the surface enhanced fluorescence of Rhodamine B

Enhanced fluorescence from Rhodamine B (RB) mixed with gold colloids has been observed under ultraviolet irradiation. Spectroscopic studies show that with the increasing gold colloids content, the fluorescence of RB at about 590 nm increases firstly and then decreases with slight red shift. These features observed in the experiment can be explained by the local electric field enhancement via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of gold nanoparticles. Fluorescence enhancement is obtained when the emission frequency of RB lies within the bandwidth of local field enhancement from gold nanoparticles. Theoretical calculation results show that the local field band red shifts obviously with increase the thickness of dye shell which capped on gold particle, whereas the fluorescence band of RB is fixed around 590 nm. Therefore, the red shift and non-monotonic change of fluorescence intensity from RB is attributed to the dye shell dependent red shift of local field band of gold particles.     

农田土壤水分含量的激光诱导荧光光谱表征

通过实验探讨了植物的激光诱导叶绿素荧光光谱与土壤水分间的关系。实验利用Y-形光纤探头获取了植物在450 nm LED光源照射下所发出的叶绿素荧光光谱,同时利用TDR传感器测量土壤湿度。实验以水稻为研究对象,研究了在持续水分胁迫和间歇水分胁迫下,叶绿素荧光光谱743 nm附近波峰的变化,结果发现,波峰强度与土壤水分含量具有相关性。最后,利用Lorentzian方程,将持续水分胁迫下的土壤含水量与叶绿素荧光强度进行建模,发现所建的模型具有较高的决定系数,说明该方法可以应用于农业生产中对土壤水分的测量。     

利用高光谱遥感监测紫外辐射对亚热带树木的影响

研究了中国亚热带地区常见的三种常绿阔叶树种在不同强度的UVB(L-UVB,CK和UVB)作用下,其叶片的叶绿素相对含量及可见光部分的光谱反射率的变化特征。实验结果显示:不同受试树种对UVB敏感不同,叶绿素含量因树种不同变化很大,同一树种在叶绿素含量上过滤UVB处理显著高于加强UVB处理;在可见光部分的光谱反射率,加强UVB的处理则普遍高于L-UVB的处理;树种间对不同胁迫程度的适应存在差异。在不同强度UVB作用后,各树种叶片在可见光部分的光谱反射率的差异主要集中在绿光及红光。本文的研究结果表明亚热带常绿阔叶树种对UVB具有较强的敏感性,不同树种对UVB处理的反应不同。     

金-二氧化钛（Au-TiO_2）复合薄膜的制备及局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）效应

利用溶胶凝胶法在玻璃衬底上制备了金-二氧化钛（Au-TiO2）复合纳米薄膜,研究了热处理温度对复合薄膜表面纳米颗粒沉积的影响。利用原子力显微镜对样品进行了形貌表征,结果显示：复合薄膜是由纳米微晶组成的致密膜,温度越高越有利于Au粒子的形成。在550℃的热处理温度下,薄膜表面沉积的纳米微晶的粒径约为100nm。利用紫外-可见分光光度计测量了反射谱线,结果表明：由于局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）的产生,在不同的热处理温度下,第一个反射峰（短波长处）不发生变化,第二个反射峰（长波长处）发生漂移（红移）。     

Evidences of ultraviolet visible spectra of hydrogen sulfide scavenging trans-crotonaldehyde induced by hydrogen peroxide through mitochondria of rat heart

Evidences of ultraviolet visible spectra of hydrogen sulfide scavenging trans-crotonaldehyde (TCA) induced by hydrogen peroxide through mitochondria were probed for the first time. TCA was induced by hydrogen peroxide through mitochondria. When sodium hydrosulfide as hydrogen sulfide donor, comparison with control, ultraviolet visible spectra of TCA decrease were clear. Hydrogen sulfide released by garlic was detected by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. When garlic as hydrogen sulfide donors, the ultraviolet visible spectra of TCA decrease were very obvious. The findings are strongly recommended that garlic as safe, stable, and controllable hydrogen sulfide donor become a promising drug which is worthy of further study.     

Study on successively preparation of nano-TiO2 ethanol colloids by pulsed laser ablation and fluorescence property

Nano-TiO₂ colloids have been successively prepared by focused, pulsed laser ablation (PLA) at the interface of solid titanium dioxide and flowing liquid. Three factors influenced the luminescence of the nano-TiO₂ colloids. The first factor was the flowing rates of the flowing liquid. The second factor was the pulsed laser output power. The third factor was the age of the colloids. The nano-TiO₂ colloids products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that anhydrous ethanol was the best flowing liquid, and cyclohexane or water was found to be not suitable for this system; under the conditions of the lowest flowing rates of the flowing liquids in the range of 0.017-0.15 mL/s, the highest pulsed laser output power in the range of 100-250 mJ/pulse and with the proper aging time of the colloids, nano-TiO₂ ethanol colloids with strong fluorescence emission intensity at about 414 nm can be obtained.     

Performance Check of Vegetation Fluorescence Imaging Lidar through In Vivo and Remote Estimation of Chlorophyll Concentration Inside Plant Leaves

Laser-induced fluorescence imaging lidar was developed for in vivo plant/vegetation monitoring. Fluorescences of poplar tree leaves growing naturally at a distance of 60 m from the lidar were successfully detected as two spectral images at wavelengths of 685 nm and 740 nm. By comparing chlorophyll concentration quantified with high performance liquid chromatography, it was confirmed that the intensity ratio of the two wavelengths was converted into the chlorophyll concentration inside the leaves. The intensity ratio of the images reflected the status of the poplar tree in the process of senescence so well that it was possible to assess the living status of the tree as a numerical value. The performance characteristics and the potential of the laser-induced fluorescence imaging lidar for monitoring the physiological activities of plants and vegetation are described.     

水稻叶绿素浓度对荧光光谱的影响

为了加强对水稻生长状况的监测,指导水稻的田间施肥,提高施肥利用效率,以增加农作物产量、提高粮食品质,实验室搭建了基于激光诱导荧光技术的荧光探测系统,以研究水稻叶片的叶绿素含量与荧光峰值比之间的相关性。文中测量样本为水稻分蘖期和拔节期的倒二叶,栽培地区位于中国江汉平原。文中先采用凯氏定氮法和相应公式结合测得水稻叶片的叶绿素含量(mg·g-1),再用搭建的荧光探测系统采集了水稻叶片不同叶绿素含量的荧光光谱(激发波长为355 nm)。获得了水稻叶片在不同叶绿素含量下的荧光光谱数据库,定量分析了荧光峰值比F₇₄₀/F₆₈₅(荧光谱峰740 nm、685 nm处的荧光强度比)与叶绿素含量的相关性,发现叶绿素含量的变化对荧光光谱特性影响明显。由实验数据分析可知荧光参数中的峰值比(F₇₄₀/F₆₈₅)与叶绿素含量呈现很好的线性正相关,相关系数(R2)在水稻的分蘖期和拔节期分别达到了0.901 3和0.912 5。实验分析结果表明诱导荧光光谱技术具有方便、快捷、无损等优点,在农作物生长状况的遥感定量监测等方面也具有一定发展潜力。     

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized Powder of Zn-Doped Titanium Dioxide

Nanosized powder materials made Zn-doped titanium dioxide with concentration of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol % Zn²⁺ have been synthesized from aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds of titanium modified with zinc(II) ions. The materials obtained have been studied by electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction. It has been found that if zinc ions introduced in titanium dioxide the stabilization of anatase modification takes place retaining size and morphology of particles. The materials synthesized have shown photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The highest photocatalytic activity has been found for material containing 0.1 mol % Zn²⁺ and calcined at 600°С.     

Remote Estimation of the Chlorophyll Concentration of Living Trees Using Laser-induced Fluorescence Imaging Lidar

Monthly variation in chlorophyll concentration of living ginko tree leaves 65 m away from a system was remotely estimated by a laser-induced fluorescence imaging lidar. The combination of a pulsed laser and a short-time gated CCD using an image intensifier made it possible to monitor the weak fluorescence signal from the ginko tree leaves as an image. By applying the experimental idea that a ratio of intensity of the chlorophyll fluorescence at 740 nm to that at 685 nm showed a linear correlation to the chlorophyll concentration, the fluorescence image of the ginko tree obtained by the lidar was converted to the chlorophyll concentration distribution image.     

Influence of ambient gas on formation process of Si nanoparticles by laser ablation

We described the influence of a type of gas and its pressure upon the size distribution of Si nanoparticles fabricated by laser ablation in an ambient gas and the plume dynamics during the synthesis. The plume dynamics was investigated by laser-induced fluorescence and ultraviolet Rayleigh scattering. Based on the results, the importance of the gas flow within the ablation plume in the formation of the nanoparticles is understood.     

苹果树冠层不同光照区域叶绿素荧光性状计算方法

植物冠层内光照分布决定了植物物理过程与生态环境之间的交互关系,是植物冠层叶绿素荧光动力学研究的重要基础。光谱技术在构建植株冠层组分含量的预测模型中发挥了重要的作用,而针对自由纺锤形苹果树冠层不同光照区域的叶绿素荧光性状研究文献报道较少。因此,以自由纺锤形苹果树为研究对象,将苹果树冠层空间划分为5层,每层划分为边长50 cm的立方体网格,并测定各个网格空间的光照强度,确定其光照分布情况。以此为基础,获取不同光照区域的光谱数据及对应叶绿素荧光性状参数值,通过光谱一阶微分去除系统误差干扰,确定红边区域(660～760 nm)的一阶微分光谱曲线,利用BP神经网络建立红光范围(680～760 nm)内一阶微分光谱最大值与叶绿素荧光性状参数关系模型,创新性地提出了苹果树冠层不同光照区域的叶绿素荧光性状计算方法。并采用决定系数、均方根误差、平均绝对百分比误差等对模型进行有效性评价,试验结果表明：该叶绿素荧光计算方法的计算精度均在80%以上,研究成果可为苹果树的整形修剪,获取充足光照分布提供理论依据。     

激光诱导多孔硅晶格畸变的Raman光谱和光致发光谱研究

研究了掺钛水热法制备多孔硅的Raman光谱和光致发光谱.实验发现,当激光功率较低时,多孔硅的Raman光谱在略低于520cm^-1附近表现为一锐的单峰,和晶体硅的Raman光谱类似.随激光功率增大,该单峰向低波数移动,Raman和光致发光峰的强度与激光强度的一次方成正比.当激光功率增大到一定值时,该单峰分裂成两个Raman峰,光致发光谱的强度突然增大,与激光强度之间不再满足一次方的关系,位于低波数一侧的Raman峰随激光功率增大进一步向低波数移动.多孔硅Raman光谱随激光功率的变化是 关键词： 多孔硅 Raman光谱 光致发光     

Effect of the “inversion” of a scattering medium in layers of close-packed titanium dioxide nanoparticles

The features of the behavior of the diffuse transmission of layers of close-packed titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the visible and near infrared spectral ranges with an increase in the volume fraction f of the particles in a layer have been analyzed. It has been found that an increase in f for layers of small particles (about 25 nm) with a relatively low volume fraction (0.20–0.25) is accompanied by the expected decrease in diffuse transmission. At the same time, an increase in f for layers of large particles (about 100 nm) with a volume fraction of 0.45–0.50 results in a strong increase in transmission. The described phenomenon has been interpreted in terms of the concepts of inverse scattering systems, where the main scattering centers are air nanocavities in a TiO₂ matrix rather than TiO₂ particles in an air matrix.     

基于液芯光纤的激光诱导荧光食用油种类鉴别研究

组建了一套基于液芯光纤的激光诱导荧光食用油鉴别装置。研究了不同液芯光纤长度对食用油激光诱导荧光光谱的影响,分析了不同种类食用油激光诱导荧光光谱之间的差异。八种食用油共320份样本荧光数据在1 m长液芯光纤内采集,采用主成分分析方法对食用油荧光数据进行降维处理,利用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)方法建立食用油种类的鉴别模型。结果表明,使用液芯光纤后,食用油荧光强度得到较大的增强。随着液芯光纤长度增加,食用油荧光特征峰逐渐增加并且食用油的激光诱导荧光光谱会产生红移现象,当液芯光纤长度超过80 cm后,红移趋于饱和。不同食用油的荧光光谱形状差异较大,可用于区分不同种类食用油。利用主成分1和主成分2绘制的主成分得分图显示,不同种类食用油呈现很好的聚集。当选用主成分数为10时,建立的PLS-DA食用油种类鉴别模型对训练集和预测集样本识别率均达到100%。说明本装置用于食用油种类的快速鉴别具有较高的准确性。     

Green luminescent ZnO:Cu<Superscript>2+</Superscript> nanoparticles for their applications in white-light generation from UV LEDs

Copper doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical technique based on a hydrothermal method. The crystallite sizes, estimated by XRD and TEM/SEM for different doping percentage of Cu²⁺ (1–10%), were found to be in the range of ~10–15 nm. TEM/SEM images showed formation of uniform nanorods, the aspect ratio of which varied with doping percentage. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement showed strong green visible emission and PL intensity was found enhanced with increase in doping percentage. The increase in the PL intensity was mainly due to Cu incorporation in ZnO lattice. Currently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) giving ultraviolet emission have been combined with broad-band visible green phosphors to make white-light LEDs. Thus, green luminescent ZnO:Cu²⁺ nanoparticles are seen as necessary and condemnatory constituent for white-light generation from UV LEDs, underlying the importance of the current work.     

激光诱导叶绿素荧光寿命的测量及其特性分析

提出了一种用于评估植物生长状况及环境监测的激光诱导叶绿素荧光寿命测量方法. 采用波长355 nm的激光作为光源激发叶绿素荧光, 由光电倍增管接收其荧光信号, 由于被测叶绿素荧光衰减函数与激光脉冲、仪器响应函数卷积在一起, 根据它们的特性, 运用时间分辨测量法分别测得叶绿素荧光及其背景信号, 并结合一种新型解卷积算法可分离出真实的叶绿素荧光衰减函数, 从而获取叶绿素的荧光寿命. 测试结果表明: 该方法能够实现叶绿素荧光寿命的高精度实时监测, 对不同叶绿素含量的溶液荧光寿命进行了测试, 证明叶绿素含量与其荧光寿命具有相关性, 并且拟合了叶绿素含量与荧光寿命的标定曲线. 关键词： 荧光寿命 激光诱导荧光 时间分辨测量法 叶绿素含量     

基于激光诱导叶绿素荧光寿命成像技术的植物荧光特性研究

针对植物荧光遥感探测中信号易受干扰的问题, 提出了一种用于评估植物生长状况及环境监测的荧光寿命成像技术. 采用凹透镜对355 nm波长的激光扩束, 再照射植物激发叶绿素荧光, 由增强型电荷耦合器件接收荧光信号. 采用时间分辨测量法, 连续用相同激光脉冲照射植物以激发相同的荧光信号, 同时不断改变激光脉冲触发探测器启动的延时时间, 从而能够得到完整的离散荧光信号分布图像. 对植物特定位置点产生的离散荧光信号进行拟合, 再运用一种改进型的迭代解卷积法可反演高精度的荧光寿命; 进而反演图像各点的荧光寿命以生成植物的荧光寿命分布图. 该方法所绘制的荧光寿命图比荧光强度图能更准确地反映植物内部的叶绿素含量, 并对活体植物叶绿素荧光寿命的物理特性进行了初步研究, 证明叶绿素荧光寿命与植物生理状态存在一定关联; 并且叶绿素荧光寿命与活体植物所处环境存在着复杂的关系. 未来将与生物物理学家们合作, 继续探寻叶绿素荧光寿命与植物生存环境的关系.     

Observation of band gap and surface defects of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via hydrothermal route at different reaction temperature

The effects of reaction temperature on the average particle size, surface defects and band gap of ZnO nanoparticles have been systematically investigated. The hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize ZnO nanostructures. The nanostructures of the resultant ZnO were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ultraviolet-visible absorption, Raman, Fourier transform Infra-red and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. With increase in the reaction temperature, the peak position of the ultraviolet emission shifts slightly towards the red wavelength and the crystal quality was improved. The prepared ZnO nanoparticles have residual intermediate compound on the surface in the form of an acetate group, which acts as defect centers for the emission of yellow emission. Spectra analyses show that the visible emission depends strongly on the preparation conditions.