Bragg diffraction of light by a hypersound in gyrotropic cubic crystals

Noncollinear acousto-optical interaction of light beams in acoustically gyrotropic cubic crystals is considered. The dependences of the diffraction efficiency of the parameters of the optical and acoustical gyrotropy have been established. The attainability of the optimal efficiency of diffraction by shear ultrasonic waves due to the anisotropy electrically induced by the external field under conditions of longitudinal electro-optical effect is shown.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 80–84, January–February, 2005.     

Amplification of noise in the quantum theory of parametric processes

A quantum mechanical treatment is given of the acousto-optical parametric amplification processes in dielectric crystals when the signal acoustical and idler light waves are amplified in the presence of intensive optical pumping. The approximate Heisenberg equations of motion are found and solved for the creation and annihilation operators of signal and idler modes with due regard for the interaction of these modes with other light and vibratory modes of the crystal (“the thermostat”). It is shown that the thermostat influence results in noise and attenuation effects. These persistent noises are also amplified. If the pumping is not far above the threshold the persistent noises are more important than the initial ones.     

Spin waves in itinerant ferromagnets with hund's coupling

Spin waves in Zener-like model of ferromagnetism with the intra-atomic Hund's coupling are considered. Dispersion relations for both acoustical and optical branches are calculated. The spin-wave effective mass for the acoustical branch in the case of Ni and Fe is discussed and a qualitatively agreement with experimental data is found.     

Filtration of partially coherent optical radiation by means of multiphonon Bragg diffraction

The filtering properties of three-phonon acousto-optical Bragg diffraction for increasing the degree of coherence of a partially coherent optical field are investigated by the example of multiphonon acousto-optical interaction in a TeO₂ single crystal. Two possible mechanisms of coherent scattering upon the formation of the highest orders are taken into account. It is shown that the three-phonon interaction is more efficient by at least a factor of two than any mode of one-phonon diffraction realized at the same frequency and the same acousto-optical interaction length. The experimental investigation, using partially coherent radiation of a He-Ne laser (λ = 0.63 μm) diffracted from a transverse acoustic wave propagating in a TeO₂ single crystal, on the whole confirmed the basic theoretical foundations.     

Resonant acousto-optical interaction under realistic conditions of a broadened absorption line

A theory of the resonant acousto-optical interaction has been constructed for spectral line broadening of arbitrary character. Account is taken of the strongest of the mechanisms of resonant photoelasticity, associated with the potential-deformation interaction of light and sound. It is shown that when inhomogeneous broadening is present the maximum efficiency of the acoustooptical interaction over the optical absorption length is not not reached at exact resonance, as in the case of homogeneously broadened lines, but at some separation from it, at a distance of about the half-width of the absorption line. It is shown that a combined study of the diffraction efficiency of the acousto-optical interaction and the optical absorption coefficient at near-resonant frequencies would make it possible to obtain information on the contributions of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening in a real resonance and thus assess the quality of the material. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1354–1357 (August 1997)     

Inversionless amplification of light by a two-level medium as a result of mechanical-to-electromagnetic atomic energy conversion

Nonreciprocal effects in the acousto-optical interaction in gyrotropic cubic crystals with electroinduced anisotropy are studied. It is shown that the presence of optical gyrotropy leads to the doubling of the number of peaks of amplitude nonreciprocity, whereas an external electric field causes their shift and enhancement. It is found that the direction of lasing in a ring laser can be reversed by changing the direction of the control field. The results obtained can be used for the development and optimization of polarization-and electro-controlled acousto-optical nonreciprocal elements on the basis of cubic gyrotropic crystals.     

基于石英柱模型的光子晶体光纤异常布里渊散射特性的理论研究

通过石英圆柱模型,理论研究了小芯径光子晶体光纤中混合声波模式的色散、模式耦合以及声光相互作用,理论计算出了布里渊散射增益系数谱的双峰结构及其随抽运光波长和温度的演化规律. 理论分析表明光子晶体光纤中布里渊散射增益系数谱的双峰结构源于小芯径光子晶体光纤中混合声波模式之间的模式耦合. 通过温度改变导致的材料参数变化对声波模式色散特性的影响,特别是声波模式耦合点的移动,解释了双峰结构随外界温度的变化规律. 并且,通过理论计算与实验结果的对比讨论了石英圆柱模型的局限性和适用范围. 关键词： 布里渊散射 声光相互作用 模式耦合 光子晶体光纤     

Frequency and angular bandwidth of acousto-optic deflectors with ultrasonic walk-off

In the paper, bandwidth parameters of acousto-optical deflectors (AODs) are analyzed from the point of view of acoustical anisotropy. Equations for bandwidth and central frequency of AOD are derived for arbitrary propagation direction of ultrasound in optically uniaxial crystals. The phenomenon of bandwidth shift due to phase mismatch at the central frequency is studied theoretically and verified experimentally.     

An acousto-optical imaging spectrometer for astrophysical measurements

An optical scheme of an acousto-optical imaging spectrometer for observing extended astrophysical objects with line emission spectra is proposed. The use of an additional prism with a specified angular dispersion makes it possible to separate images of an extended object at different emission lines and images generated by minor maxima of the acousto-optical filter transmission function. A prototype of the imaging spectrometer has been designed.     

Mesure de l'impulsion echangee au cours de l'interaction onde evanescente-atome

In vacuo, during an interaction between a moving atom and a surface wave of frequency v, the exchanged momentum is greater than hv/c. First we show, using a semi-classical treatment, that this momentum is ?k_x in agreement with De Broglie's relation p = ?k, but unlike the usual notion of wave momentum attached to the Poynting vector. We present experimental methods to measure this momentum and we give results for two atom speeds.     

Optical gain by simultaneous photon and phonon confinement in indirect bandgap semiconductor acousto-optical cavities

Optical gain that could ultimately lead to light emission from silicon is a goal that has been pursued for a long time by the scientific community. The reason is that a silicon laser would allow for the development of low-cost, high-volume monolithic photonic integrated circuits created using conventional CMOS technologies. However, the silicon indirect bandgap—requiring the participation of a proper phonon in the process of light emission—is a roadblock that has not been overcome so far. A high-Q optical cavity allowing a very high density of states at the desired frequencies has been proposed as a possible way to get optical gain. However, recent theoretical studies have shown that the free-carrier absorption is much higher than the optical gain at ambient temperature in an indirect bandgap semiconductor, even if a high-Q optical cavity is formed. In this work, we consider a particular case in which the semiconductor material is engineered to form an acousto-optical cavity where the photon and phonon modes involved in the emission process are simultaneously confined. The acousto-optical cavity confinement effect on the light emission properties is characterized by a compound Purcell factor which includes both the optical as well as the acoustic Purcell factor (APF). A theoretical expression for the APF is also introduced. Our theoretical results suggest that creating an acousto-optical cavity the optical gain can overcome the photon loss due to free carriers as a consequence of the localization of phonons even at room temperature, paving the way towards the pursued silicon laser.     

Prediction lineaire de parametres optiques de l'ecriture

Laser emission in the wavelength region 14–18 μm has been observed in optically-pumped ¹⁵NH₃ using the P₂6 line of a pulsed HF laser. Pressure and temperature dependence, as well as various optical configurations for the cell, were investigated. Each of the stronger laser lines was observed to have a pressure-dependent structure and several of the lines are apparently related through a cascade mechanism.     

Proprietes optiques de l'arsenic cristallise

The reflectivity of arsenic single crystals is measured between 0.08 and 70 eV; the optical and dielectric constants are obtained by Kramers-Kronig analysis of experimental data. The reflectivity singularities are interpreted in term of interband transitions from valence band states and from core levels. The maximum of the energy loss function is attributed to the plasma excitation of valence electrons.     

Fifteen years' experience with computerized ray tracing

A computer program is described which displays the space, time and directional distribution of energy in a room. The program has been used in room acoustical planning and in the design of sound reinforcement systems.     

Acoustical investigations of a La<Subscript>0.75</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>0.25</Subscript>MnO<Subscript>3</Subscript> single crystal

The acoustical, resistive, and magnetic properties of a La_0.75Sr_0.25MnO₃ lanthanum manganite single crystal are investigated in the temperature range involving the second-order magnetic phase transition. The acoustical measurements are performed by the pulse-echo method in the frequency range 14–90 MHz. It is found that, as the temperature decreases, the velocity of a longitudinal acoustic wave propagating along the [111] axis in the single crystal drastically increases at temperatures below the critical point of the magnetic phase transition. No dispersion of the acoustic velocity is revealed. A sharp increase in the acoustic velocity is accompanied by the appearance of an acoustical absorption peak. The observed effects are discussed with due regard for the interaction of acoustic waves with the magnetic moments of the manganese ions.     

AOTF成像光谱仪声光晶体衍射效率研究

基于AOTF的成像光谱仪是集图像、光谱及偏振信息为一体的新型探测仪器,由于声光晶体是其核心分光器件,它的性能将影响目标信息的获取能力。因此, 研究提高声光晶体衍射效率的方法是AOTF成像光谱仪研制的重点和关键。首先介绍了AOTF成像光谱仪的工作原理,基于耦合波理论推导了声光晶体衍射效率方程,然后对AOTF成像光谱仪声光晶体衍射效率的影响因素进行数值仿真分析,最后,用Tracepro软件对不同入射光进行了仿真计算。分析结果表明,当AOTF成像光谱仪工作波长范围在0.4 μm~0.9 μm时,为使衍射效率能达到最大值,各个影响因素的最优值是:换能器长度d为2.5 mm,光栅倾斜角φ选择在80°,入射光选择o光。     

Effet de l'oxydation en surface et en volume sur les spectres de pertes caractéristiques d'énergie d'électrons dans les couches minces de titane

Transmission and reflection electron energy loss spectra, together with electronic diffraction patterns and Auger spectra have been registered on evaporated titanium thin films. The optical, crystallographic and chemical properties for the bulk and the surface of the films are compared. The 25 eV energy loss observed in the spectra of the low-energy electrons seems to give evidence for the formation of a superficial oxide layer. This assumption is confirmed by the transmission energy loss spectrum of pure rutile which is also presented.     

面心立方双层铁磁薄膜中的二维布里渊区能带结构

利用二次量子化方法研究了由相同面心立方结构(100)材料构成的铁磁性双层薄膜,重点讨论了铁磁性界面交换作用(JAB>0)和反铁磁性界面交换作用(JAB<0)对体系二维布里渊区能带结构的影响.结果表明,当界面交换作用大于体交换作用时,在体模上方出现光学型界面模;当界面交换作用小于体交换作用时,在体模下方出现声学型界面模.特别的是,当铁磁性界面交换作用大小在零与体交换作用之间时,在面心立方结构中同样能出现声学型界面模,这与简立方结构有明显区别.并且讨论了不同界面交换作用时宇称对界面模的影响.     

Transmission d'images et d'hologrammes par une nappe de fibres optiques au moyen d'un codage chromatique

A new method of addition of 2-D complex optical signals is proposed. The addition is performed by suitably matched spatial filtering. For that purpose the effect of compacting of periodic objects images is employed.     

Multi-band Acousto-Optical Filters for Correlation Spectroscopy

Optics and Spectroscopy - The problem of creating optical filters with an arbitrary transmission curve for correlation spectroscopy problems is considered. Experiments showed that acousto-optical...