光子晶体光纤中布里渊散射声波模式特性的分析

推导了光子晶体光纤中声波微小位移波动方程; 研究了泵浦波长以及纤芯折射率对声波模式的影响; 应用石英圆柱模型研究了小芯径光子晶体光纤中纤芯直径对布里渊声波模式色散的影响. 结果表明在光子晶体光纤中, 纵向声波和横向声波共同作用产生质点声场, 两者相互耦合将产生混合声波模式; 可以通过改变泵浦波长或光子晶体光纤纤芯折射率来改变参与布里渊散射(BS) 过程的声波模式的传播常数; 随着光子晶体光纤(PCF) 纤芯直径的增大, 声波模式耦合程度得到加强, 相速度呈减小趋势, 且同一传播常数下, 声波模式数呈增多趋势; 随着泵浦波频率的增大, 声波相速度减小.     

小芯径光子晶体光纤中基于前向受激布里渊散射的超光速传输特性（英文）

理论研究了小芯径光子晶体光纤中基于前向受激布里渊散射的快光.利用前向受激布里渊散射三波耦合方程,通过傅里叶变换,计算小芯径光子晶体光纤中的群折射率和增益系数.用有限元法模拟了声场和光场的分布、信号光时间提前量和展宽因子.小芯径光子晶体光纤中光场与声场可以有效地重叠在纤芯中,增强了它们之间的非线性相互作用,导致强的受激布里渊散射和大的时间提前量.随着信号光传输距离的增加,时间提前量成非线性增长,与此同时,信号光被压缩.随着初始脉冲的增大,脉冲展宽因子逐渐趋于平稳.当传输距离为70 m,初始脉冲宽度为200 ns,泵浦功率为600 mW,计算出时间提前量为21.76 ns和脉冲展宽因子为0.77.     

光子晶体光纤的布里渊增益谱特性

研究内全反射型光子晶体光纤(TIR-PCF)的结构参数对光纤布里渊增益、布里渊峰的个数以及相对峰值强度等布里渊增益谱(BGS)特性的影响。分析全反射型光子晶体光纤中的声光耦合效应,利用有限元分析方法,求解光纤中的光场和声场分布及其对应的BGS,探究空气孔层数、孔间距和孔直径等PCF参数对BGS的影响,获得布里渊增益和声学模式个数随孔间距和孔直径变化的规律。提出一种空气孔直径由内到外逐渐变大的、具有类似渐变折射率分布的新型光子晶体光纤结构。设计峰值强度差为8 dB的双峰BGS的光子晶体光纤,可将其用于基于布里渊拍频谱(BBS)的光纤传感系统中,使传感系统的信噪比提升2.5倍。     

声波导单模光纤中后向受激布里渊散射的声模分析

本文推导了单模光纤中的声波亥姆霍兹方程,利用分离变量法求解并获得正规声波导导模的特征方程,定义了声模的归一化频率,结合贝塞尔函数的宗量近似分析了声波模式的特征值范围、截止频率和远离截止,探讨了声模的色散和布里渊增益谱的多峰成因.研究结果表明单模光纤中纵向声波基模L₀₁模无截止,主要被限制在纤芯中,与光基模耦合形成布里渊增益谱的主峰;高阶声模都存在低频截止,在包层分布比基模多,与LP₀₁模耦合形成布里渊增益谱的次峰.只有纵向L_0n声模对后向布里渊增益谱有贡献,纤芯掺锗浓度增大能使布里渊增益谱发生红移,声模数量增多, L₀₁模的增益峰值逐渐变大而高阶模的贡献减小.泵浦波长为1.55μm,纤芯掺锗浓度3.65%、纤芯半径4.2μm的单模光纤存在4个L_0n和16个Lmn (m>0)声模,声模L₀₁, L₀₃,L₀₄与光模LP₀₁声光耦合产生布里渊增益谱的1个主峰和2个弱峰;纤芯掺锗浓度15%,...     

光子晶体光纤中去极化声波导布里渊散射温度及应变响应

数值求解了光子晶体光纤中的去极化型声波导布里渊散射色散方程,研究了光子晶体光纤中的布里渊频移随泵浦波长及空气孔填充率的变化关系,以及去极化型声波导布里渊散射频移随温度、应变、声波导模式、纤芯直径及空气孔层数的关系。结果表明:布里渊频移随着波长的增大而线性减小。对于相同的波长点,增大光子晶体光纤空气孔填充率时,声波横向速度将会减小。去极化型声波导布里渊散射频移随温度及应变的增大而线性增加。同一温度条件下,高阶TR2m模式的去极化型声波导布里渊散射频移对温度的变化更为敏感;而在同一应变条件下,低阶TR2m模式的去极化型声波导布里渊散射频移对应变的变化更为敏感。去极化型声波导布里渊散射频移随纤芯直径的增加而增大,随空气孔层数的增加而减小。     

基于光子晶体光纤中受激布里渊散射的光载波抑制

设计了一种基于光子晶体光纤中受激布里渊散射的载波滤波器.该滤波器利用两个环形器和一段光子晶体光纤构成了一个环形腔,这种腔结构有效地降低了光纤中受激布里渊散射的阈值.理论分析了光子晶体光纤载波滤波器对提高光调制深度和射频增益的影响.利用25 m的高非线性光子晶体光纤作为受激布里渊增益介质,当入射载波功率为70 mW时,微波光子信号的射频增益为5.38 dB,实验结果与理论计算相吻合.     

掺杂和结构对光纤中去极化型声波导布里渊散射频移与散射效率的影响

利用全矢量有限元法研究了单模光纤及光子晶体光纤中掺杂材料及浓度、光纤结构对去极化型声波导布里渊散射频移和散射效率的影响.结果表明增大包层掺氟浓度或纤芯掺锗浓度均会减小光纤布里渊频移,也会增大单模光纤散射效率.光子晶体光纤中整体掺氟浓度不变时,空气孔层数的增加会减小布里渊频移;而纤芯掺锗浓度不变时,随空气孔层数的增加TR2,3模式的布里渊频移增大,而TR2,7模式的布里渊频移减小.     

基于少模光纤的SBS光谱阈值特性分析

受激布里渊散射会影响少模光纤传输系统中的信噪比、传输距离与传输容量,是影响传输系统入纤功率提高的重要因素。对阶跃型少模光纤的受激布里渊散射谱的阈值进行了研究,运用了布里渊散射谱、模式联运谱的数学模型对少模光纤散射特性进行了分析,探讨了少模光纤布里渊散射增益谱、阈值增益系数,以及光纤各参量对少模光纤阈值的影响。分析结果表明：SI-10阶跃型少模光纤中存在五种不同的传播模式,不同模式有各自的传输常数以及有效折射率,各模式相互作用导致模式展宽、增益降低,且布里渊散射谱峰值增益系数为3.9×10-11 m·W-1。阈值增益系数受到光纤传感距离的影响,在相对较短距离传输中阈值急速下降,且其趋势随长度增加渐趋平缓,当光纤长度达到22 km时阈值增益系数趋于常数18.1。少模光纤的阈值因光纤长度的递增而递减,且递减趋势渐缓趋于常数20.5 dBm;少模光纤不同模式受激布里渊散射的阈值也因光纤长度的递增而递减最终趋于常数,且不同模式的阈值因模式阶数的递增而递增;少模光纤的阈值随着光纤衰减系数和纤芯半径的递增而递增,且增加趋势缓慢增大。不同衰减系数的光纤其阈值在不同长度趋于常数,衰减系数越大受激布里渊散射阈值越大越容易趋于一常数。     

M型少模光纤中模间受激布里渊散射特性及其温度和应变传感特性

少模光纤的受激布里渊散射对于分布式温度/应变传感具有重要应用价值.本文提出一种纤芯折射率呈M型分布的少模光纤,详细研究了光学模式LP_(01)和LP_(11)模式内及模式间的布里渊增益谱.研究结果表明:LP_(01)-LP_(11)模式对的布里渊增益谱中,其相邻两个布里渊散射峰的频率间隔较宽、增益峰值较大且峰值相差较小.通过优化光纤结构参数,提高了基于LP_(01)-LP_(11)模式对布里渊增益谱的温度和应变传感性能,最小误差分别为0.23℃和5.67μe.该研究对探究少模光纤中模式内及模式间的受激布里渊散射特性具有一定的指导意义,对提升同时温度和应变传感测量的性能具有一定参考价值.     

全固双层芯色散补偿光子晶体光纤的研究与设计

为了补偿光纤色散对高速信号传输的限制,提出一种全固双层芯色散补偿光子晶体光纤.首先对该光纤模式耦合特性进行理论分析,然后利用多极法进行模拟计算,得到该光纤包层结构参数与色散值以及相位匹配波长之间的关系,并对其规律进行研究.通过优化光纤结构参数,得到在1 550nm处,色散值达到-32 620ps/(nm·km)、损耗为0.29dB/km、与标准单模光纤的熔接损耗为4.77dB的色散补偿光纤.该光纤可补偿1 910多倍长度的SMF-28单模光纤的色散,补偿能力远大于常规色散补偿光纤.与空气孔-石英结构色散补偿光子晶体光纤相比,全固色散补偿光子晶体光纤具有易制备、易与传统通信光纤熔接等优点.     

Influences of pump wavelength and environment temperature on the dual-peaked Brillouin property of a small-core microstructure fiber

The influences of the pump wavelength and temperature on the dual-peaked Brillouin property of a piece of a small-core microstructure fiber are investigated using the heterodyne method. The experimental results indicate that the dispersion characteristics of the acoustical modes participating in the Brillouin scattering are formed by the coupling of two acoustical modes with different acoustical field distributions. The influence of the pump wavelength can contribute to the variation of the acoustical mode wave vectors. On the other hand, the influence of the environment temperature can contribute to the shift of acoustical mode dispersion map by the variation of the material mechanical parameters and thermal expansion. The model and experiment results demonstrate that the height ratio of the two Brillouin peaks can be controlled by adjusting the pump wavelength or environment temperature.     

Enhancement of stimulated Brillouin scattering of higher-order acoustic modes in single-mode optical fiber

Solving the elastic wave equation exactly for a GeO2-doped silica fiber with a steplike distribution of the longitudinal and shear velocities and density, we have obtained the dispersion, attenuation, and fields of the leaky acoustic modes supported by the fiber. We have developed a model for stimulated Brillouin scattering of these modes in a pump-probe configuration and provided their Brillouin gains and frequencies for an extended range of core sizes and GeO2 doping. Parameter ranges close to cutoff of the acoustic modes and pump depletion enhance the ratio of higher-order peaks to the main peak in the Brillouin spectrum and are suitable for simultaneous strain-temperature sensing.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency-domain analysis in a single-mode optical fiber for distributed sensing

A numerical and experimental analysis of the stimulated Brillouin scattering in a single-mode optical fiber for distributed sensing applications is carried out in the frequency domain. The theoretical model describing the Brillouin interaction is solved by taking into account the temporal dynamics of the acoustic wave that is involved. The simulations and the experimental results reveal the role played by the ac component of the acoustic wave, which is responsible for significant changes of the small-signal stimulated Brillouin scattering transfer function that occur when the modulation frequency rises above the natural Brillouin gain spectrum linewidth. One should take these effects into account to perform accurate signal processing of frequency-domain signals in high-resolution distributed sensing applications.     

Characterization of stimulated Brillouin scattering in small core microstructured chalcogenide fiber

We report a full modal characterization of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) properties in small core As₂Se₃-based chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). Our results include the calculation of Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), Brillouin gain coefficient (g_B), Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) by taking into account the contribution of the higher-order acoustic modes. We show that for a highly nonlinear PCF having a 2-μm hole-to-hole pitch and a 0.5-μm hole diameter, a Brillouin gain coefficient g_B = 5.91 10^? 9 m.W^? 1 is obtained around the acoustic frequency of 8.19 GHz, which is more than 340 times larger than that of the same PCF made with silica glass. We demonstrate that the BGS of small core PCF structures show strong SBS and multipeaked behavior, with a presence of a second peak, when decreasing the core diameter which is to be attributed to the higher-order acoustic modes. We designed small core PCFs with tailored Brillouin response for a wide range of applications.     

Full modal analysis of the Brillouin gain spectrum of an optical fiber

We present a numerical study of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers based on a full modal analysis of the acoustic and optical properties. The computation of each acoustic mode supported by the fiber structure allows us an accurate and detailed investigation of the characteristics of the Brillouin gain spectrum. We focus our attention on the contribution of the higher-order acoustic modes which are sometimes ignored because of computational issues in particular on optical fibers that act as acoustic antiwaveguides. Our analysis clearly highlights their role and their dependence on the physical and geometrical structure of the fiber.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in highly birefringent microstructure fiber: experimental analysis

We report on an experimental analysis of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a 20-m-long highly birefringent microstructure fiber for sensing applications. In particular, an experimental setup based on Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis, operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm, has been employed in order to analyze the distribution of Brillouin frequency shift along the fiber, as well as to study the dependence of Brillouin frequency shift on optical polarization, temperature, and strain. Our results indicate that, for any fixed polarization, the fiber has a dual-peaked Brillouin spectrum. A study about the origin of these two peaks is presented.     

Acoustic longitudinal mode coupling in w-shaped Al/Ge Co-doped fibre

This paper proposes a novel fibre structure aiming at distributed temperature and strain sensing. Utilizing Al₂O₃ and GeO₂ as dopants to form a w-shaped acoustic waveguide, it realizes modal coupling between longitudinal acoustic modes of its inner and outer core layers, leading to a dual-peak or multi-peak Brillouin gain spectrum. The relationship between the acoustic mode coupling properties and the fibre materials, doping concentrations and structural parameters are investigated, showing that the positions of mode coupling points in acoustic dispersion curves and the coupling intensities can be designed flexibly. A specific fibre design for the discriminative sensing of temperature and strain under a pump wavelength of 1.55 μm is given. The responses of its Brillouin gain properties on temperature and strain are analysed theoretically, demonstrating its potential for distributed fibre Brillouin sensing.     

毫米级高分辨率的混沌激光分布式光纤测温技术

近年来,随着分布式光纤传感技术在各大基础设施健康监测领域的广泛应用,人们对能够实现毫米量级精准定位和监测技术的需求日益增长.本文提出了一种基于宽线宽混沌激光的高分辨率分布式光纤测温技术.实验通过改变光反馈混沌源的偏振匹配态和反馈强度等外部参数,产生了–3 dB线宽约为7.5 GHz的宽线宽混沌激光,并在300 m传感光纤实现了空间分辨率为7.05 mm的分布式温度测量.同时,为了抑制光源线宽增加造成的布里渊增益谱恶化,在泵浦路中引入了时间门控技术,其中经脉冲调制后的泵浦光峰值功率提高了约9.5 dB,同时脉冲调制使混沌互相关锁定于脉冲持续时间内,从而布里渊增益谱的信号背景噪声比由约2.28 dB提升为4.55 dB,最终实现了空间分辨率为3.12 mm的分布式温度测量.     

Guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in photonic crystal fibers

We experimentally investigate guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in several photonic crystal fibers by use of the so-called fiber loop mirror technique and show a completely different dynamics with respect to standard all-silica fibers. In addition to the suppression of most acoustic phonons, we show that forward Brillouin scattering in photonic crystal fibers is substantially enhanced only for the fundamental acoustic phonon because of efficient transverse acousto-optic field overlap. The results of our numerical simulations reveal that this high-frequency phonon is indeed trapped within the fiber core by the air-hole microstructure, in good agreement with experimental measurements.