表面张力对PEO稀溶液粘度行为的影响

测定了不同分子量聚氧化乙烯 (PEO)在水和苯溶剂中的粘度 ,发现在低浓度区PEO水溶液的比浓粘度出现负偏离 ,PEO苯溶液比浓粘度与浓度之间依旧满足线性关系 .表面张力测定结果表明 ,PEO分子显著降低了水的表面张力 ,而苯的表面张力则不受影响 .PEO水溶液和纯溶剂水表面张力的不同干扰了高分子溶液和溶剂在粘度计中流过时间的测量 ,导致低浓度区PEO水溶液比浓粘度出现负偏离 .利用PEO水溶液和水表面张力测定结果 ,结合乌式粘度计的几何尺寸 ,定量分析了PEO水溶液和纯溶剂水表面张力的差异对粘度测量结果的影响 ,计算结果与实验结果基本相符 .如果用PEO水溶液流过时间对浓度作图的外推值t0 计算相对粘度 ,可以完全消除PEO水溶液和水表面张力差异对粘度测量的影响     

基于氢键作用的几种二元水溶液的表面张力特性及拉曼光谱研究

氢键效应作为溶液中典型的微观特性直接影响溶液微观结构,并对物理和化学性质产生重要影响。对氢键作用的研究是水科学研究的重要突破口,也使得通过氢键研究水溶液性质成为一种极具优势的研究方法。通过测量不同浓度下的表面张力以及各体系拉曼光谱,研究二甲基亚砜/水、乙腈/水、丙酮/水三种具有典型氢键作用的二元溶液体系。研究了表面张力的变化规律和各体系中的氢键作用,讨论了溶液体系的微观结构变化,解释了氢键作用对表面张力的影响机制。     

激光处理水溶液对ICP光源辐射的增强作用

为了增强电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱强度,改善对痕量重金属元素的检测水平,本文采用波长为976 nm的近红外激光辐照水溶液,研究了溶液表面张力和粘度的变化情况,并且观测了处理后的水溶液对ICP光源的光谱强度和信背比的影响。实验结果表明：当激光辐照时间为60 min,功率密度为0.3296W·cm-2时,溶液的表面张力比未处理时的减小了36.73%,粘度减小了9.73%。将优化条件下激光辐照处理的水溶液引入到ICP光源中,通过测量发射光谱强度可知,样品元素Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg和Pb的谱线强度要比溶液未处理时的分别提高了73.52%,22.97%,33.86%,24.44% 和 65.59 %,光谱信背比分别增大了76.03%,21.74%,32.17%,22.68% 和65.32%。可见,ICP光源的光谱强度和信背比得到了明显改善,为降低元素分析检出限奠定了基础。另外,经激光处理后的水溶液在30 min静置时间内其表面张力和粘度基本保持不变,物理性质稳定。这种简便易行的激光处理水溶液方法有助于提高ICP光谱法的检测能力。     

电导率监测在研究碳酸钙水溶液析晶过程中的应用

归纳溶液平衡理论和电化学知识，设计出通过监测溶液电导率来分析溶液析晶过程的方法，得到一些溶液参量时间性变化的曲线，总结出不同过饱和度碳酸钙溶液在不同条件下的晶特点。     

电导率监测在研究碳酸钙水溶液析晶过程中的应用

归纳溶液平衡理论和电化学知识，设计出通过监测溶液电导率来分析溶液析晶过程的方法，得到一些溶液参量时间性变化的曲线，总结出不同过饱和度碳酸钙溶液在不同条件下的析晶特点。     

二甲基亚砜水溶液表面张力及粘度与氢键的拉曼光谱研究

利用ZL-10型全自动界面张力仪(柏金环法)和NDJ-5S型数显粘度计测量体积分数为5%～100%的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)水溶液及超纯水,得到表面张力和粘度的变化规律。用拉曼光谱仪测量不同浓度DMSO水溶液的拉曼光谱,得到体系中含氢键作用的拉曼频移变化规律。实验结果表明,DMSO水溶液的表面张力随浓度的变化受DMSO水溶液中氢键作用的影响,且与氢键强度成反相关。DMSO与水的氢键作用对粘度的影响较表面张力更为复杂,粘度随浓度的变化呈二次函数的反常现象,影响因素包含氢键强度,氢键网络结构和空间方向性多个方面。该研究探索一种利用拉曼光谱研究水溶液微观结构与宏观物理性质关系的实验方法。     

含水量对TiO_2纳米管形貌控制参数的影响

以不同含水量的乙二醇溶液为电解液,采用阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列。通过记录反应过程中电导率、粘度及回路电流随时间的变化曲线,研究含水量对电解液粘度、电导率及电流等过程参数的影响,分析了纳米管形貌尺寸与TiO2溶蚀所耗电荷量的关系。粘度初始值和初始电导率均与含水量呈三次关系,相关系数分别为0.992 5和0.977 8。在反应过程中,溶液粘度值有缓慢增加的趋势。由于不同含水量的电解液粘度的不同,H+和OH-数量不同,F-迁移速率不同,电导率-时间曲线及电流-时间曲线具有不同的变化趋势,并对其进行了理论分析。当水体积分数为4%,5%,6%和10%时,纳米管的形貌较为有序并且TiO2纳米管阵列表面的碎片较少,纳米管直径变化范围为50nm至72nm,长度变化范围为0.85~1.90μm。F-腐蚀氧化膜时所消耗电量与TiO2氧化膜被腐蚀掉的体积呈一次函数关系,即腐蚀电量越大,腐蚀掉的体积越大,为制备一定形貌尺寸的纳米管提供了一定的控制方法。     

碳氢碳氟表面活性剂混合胶束的NMR和ESR研究

用ＮＭＲ，ＥＳＲ和表面张力测量研究了３－十二烷氧基－２－羟丙基磺酸钠（ＳＤＥＨＳ）与全氟辛酸钠（ＳＰＦＯ）混合溶液微环境性质，表面张力测定表明长链烷基磺酸盐中嵌入羟丙基后，其表面活性提高，而与ＳＰＦＯ混合溶液的表面活性高于单一的ＳＤＥＨＳ和ＳＰＦＯ，ＮＭＲ和ＥＳＲ研究表明，ＳＤＥＨＳ的碳氢链与ＳＰＦＯ的碳氟链之间有强烈的相互作用，ＳＤＥＨＳ与ＳＰＦＯ形成混合胶束，混合胶束“界面”的微观粘度较ＳＤＥ     

超声波空化作用对ICP光源辐射强度的影响

为了增大电感耦合等离子体辐射强度,降低分析检出限,实验研究了水样品经过超声波空化处理以后样品表面张力和粘度的变化,并探索了空化效应对光谱强度和信背比的影响。实验结果证明,样品溶液的表面张力和黏度随着超声波功率和空化时间的增加均呈现出先减小后增大的变化规律,在功率为50 W、时间为15min时水样品的表面张力和粘度最低。经此条件处理的水样品引入ICP以后,元素Al,Cd,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn的谱线强度比无空化处理时分别提高了56.73%,57.23%,44.57%,43.20%,39.04%和40.19%,光谱信背比分别提高了61.54%,64.86%,44.95%,52.27%,40.84%和40.85%。可见,空化处理水溶液能够改善ICP发射光谱质量。     

制备均一性靶丸过程中的影响因素

在激光聚变实验中,高球形度、高厚度均一性的靶丸经常通过乳液微封装方法来制备。利用T.Norimatsu的模型研究在靶丸制备过程中,界面间表面张力、油相粘度、壳层尺寸、壳层厚度的影响。结果显示:较大的表面张力,较小的壳层尺寸,会使胶囊具有更好的均一性。当外部变形形式不同的时候,油相的粘度对于壳层均一性会有不同作用。     

甲酸钠/甲酸锂溶液的拉曼光谱研究

结合实际晶体的生长条件,探讨了不同温度、不同过饱和度下的甲酸钠和甲酸锂水溶液的Raman光谱,对谱峰进行认定和Gaussian多峰值拟合。分析温度、浓度、过饱和度及阳离子效应对溶液结构的影响,并比较分析甲酸锂溶液结构和一水甲酸锂晶体结构的差异。结果表明：在实验的条件下, 浓度、温度、过饱和度对溶液结构影响微小;阳离子对谱峰位置影响显著。     

Growth and characterization of potassium halides mixed l-arginine phosphate monohydrate semi organic nonlinear optical single crystals

Single crystals of pure and potassium halides additive mixed l-arginine phosphate monohydrate have been grown with good optical quality by slow temperature reduction method. Microbial growth aspects and coloration have been studied on the growth solutions. In addition to that the structural properties have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction method and Fourier transform infrared spectral analyses for the grown crystals. Thermal stability of the grown crystals were studied by thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) and found that the grown crystals are suitable for device fabrication for frequency conversion applications.     

The study of the solution concentration influencing on laser-induced electrochemical etching silicon

The laser electrochemical etching process, which combines the laser direct etching process and the electrochemical etching process, is a compound etching technique. In order to further understand the solution concentration influencing on the laser-induced electrochemical etching of silicon; a 248 nm excimer laser as a light source and KOH solution as an electrolyte were adopted in this study. The experiments of micromachining silicon by laser-induced electrochemical etching were carried out. On the basis of the experiments results, the solution concentration influencing on the etching rates in the process of laser electrochemical etching of silicon was researched. The reasons of the etching phenomena were analyzed in detail. The experimental results indicate that the solution concentration influencing on the etching process is mainly rooted in the absorption of different concentration solutions to laser. In general, less absorption and low solution concentration are good for the etching role in the process of laser electrochemical etching.     

NMR在主族元素溶液无机化学中的若干应用

引用实例综述了NMR在主族元素溶液无机化学研究中的应用,内容包括碱金属负离子的确认,非水溶液中离子对和聚集体的确认以及无机盐溶剂化和水解产物的确认等。     

The Bilinear Integrability,N-soliton and Riemann-theta function solutions of B-type KdV Equation

In this paper, the bilinear integrability for B-type KdV equation have been explored. According to the relation to tau function, we find the bilinear transformation and construct the bilinear form with an auxiliary variable of the B-type KdV equation. Based on the truncation form, the Bäcklund transformation has been constructed. Furthermore, the N-soliton solutions and Riemann-theta function 1-periodic solutions of the B-type KdV equation are obtained.     

两能级原子主方程和激光通道主方程的解之间的超对称性

提出了研究原子演化的Ket-Bra纠缠态方法,并用此方法给出了原子主方程的Kraus算符形式的解.在得到此新解后,发现它和激光通道主方程的解形式相似,表现了光场算符a,a~(+)与原子算符σ_-,σ_+之间具有某种超对称性.通过进一步的探讨,寻找到了Pauli算符的多种Bose表示.     

Aspects of Solutions of Massive Spin-3/2 Equation in Schwarzschild Space-Time

The general massive spin-(3/2) (Rarita–Schwinger) field equation in Schwarzschild geometry, previously separated by variable separation, is further studied. The orthogonality of the solutions of the angular equations is exploited. The study of the radial equations, that are proposed in the most detailed form, is reduced to the study of four coupled differential equations. The equations are discussed and integrated near the Schwarzschild radius and for zero and large values of the radial coordinate. A covariant product of states is considered that is induced by a conserved current. It is shown the existence of states that are bound in the scalar product without implying the existence of a discrete energy spectrum.     

分光光度法测定角膜接触镜护理液中的羟丙甲纤维素

探讨分光光度法测定角膜接触镜护理液中有效成分羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)的含量时护理液中其他润滑成份对测定的影响和评价。选择市场上含有羟丙甲纤维素的多功能护理液,先通过加热、迅速过滤的方法除去海藻糖干扰后,采用以二苯胺与HPMC在高温下显色反应,分光光度法测定。结果表明护理液经过处理后,HPMC的测定未受其他成分的干扰。上述方法操作简单、方法稳定且准确,可作为角膜接触镜护理液中有效成分羟丙甲纤维素质量控制的方法。     

Infrared Spectra of Tris(ethylendiamine) Cobalt(III) Complex Ion in Solid State and Dissolved in Light and Heavy Water

In recent years, at least two groups^1,2 have developed programmes for combined conformational and vibrational analysis of complicated molecular systems. A version of one of these systems² is currently being adapted for work on coordination complexes. In such work experimental data are needed, and they stem almost exclusively from x-ray structural determinations, and infrared spectra of solids. Most calculational schemes so far deal with isolated molecules, and as one objective of the calculations is to provide thermodynamic functions, which, as far as coordination complexes are concerned, are measured in aqueous solution, we consider it necessary to compare some key properties of the substances as measured in the solid state and in solution. In particular, we want to investi- gate the extent to which internal vibrations are independent of the surroundings of the complexion.     

Using ultrasonic wave reflection to measure solution properties

Ultrasonic wave reflection coefficients of aqueous solutions were measured using high-impact polystyrene as a buffer material to provide enhanced sensitivity over metal or ceramic buffer materials. The wave reflection values showed linear reduction when the concentration of chemical species in solution was increased, but a distinct relation between concentration and reflection coefficient was obtained for each solute species tested. However, more unified relationships were observed between reflection coefficient and other solution parameters – solution density, acoustic impedance, and P-wave velocity – that were consistent for all solution species. Based on this behavior an expression to compute solution density solely from reflection coefficient is derived, which can be applied to estimate solution density in solutions of unknown solute species and concentration when other measurements, such as wave velocity, are not possible.