绿松石的激光拉曼光谱研究

对湖北、安徽地区绿松石进行了激光拉曼光谱测试分析。结果表明,绿松石中H₂O,OH-及PO3-₄的基团振动是导致其激光拉曼光谱形成的主要原因。3 510～3 440 cm-1的谱峰是由ν(OH)伸缩振动所致,其中ν(OH)振动导致的强拉曼特征谱峰在3 470 cm-1附近,ν(H₂O)伸缩振动致拉曼谱峰位于3 290～3 070 cm-1附近的较为宽缓的弱谱峰处;由ν₃(PO₄)伸缩振动致强拉曼特征谱峰在1 200～1 030 cm-1之间,其中ν₃(PO₄)振动导致的强拉曼特征谱峰在1 039 cm-1附近,ν₄(PO₄)弯曲振动位于650～540 cm-1范围,ν₂(PO₄)的弯曲振动谱峰位于500～410 cm-1处;不同产地、不同结晶类型的绿松石表现出的拉曼谱峰特征基本一致。     

田黄的红外与拉曼光谱研究

对中国寿山田黄石进行了X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、红外光谱和拉曼光谱测试, 以获得田黄的谱学特征。研究表明田黄有地开石质、珍珠陶石质和伊利石质三类,其红外特征吸收峰分别为3 621,3 629和3 631 cm-1,拉曼特征峰分别为3 626,3 627和3 632 cm-1,3 550～3 750 cm-1间OH振动所致拉曼谱峰与红外结果一致。地开石质田黄含无序、有序两类,无序地开石OH3振动吸收峰相对有序地开石向低波数方向移动8 cm-1,相对强度增强,无序结构可能与高含量的Fe有关。3 550～3 750 cm-1间地开石OH振动红外吸收峰强于珍珠陶石,表现为珍珠陶石质田黄的红外光谱明显叠加有副矿物地开石的强吸收峰。伊利石质田黄主要为2M₁型伊利石,并含有少量1M型伊利石。这些特征为科学鉴定田黄提供了理论依据。     

结节性甲状腺肿的傅里叶变换红外光谱体表测定

利用ATR探头和中红外光导纤维红外光谱法在体表测定34个正常甲状腺和20个结节性甲状腺肿的傅里叶变换红外光谱。并比较了二者之间13条谱带的27个指标的差异。结果表明: 结节性甲状腺肿的体表红外光谱中：(1)～2 925 cm-1 谱带(—CH₂的反对称伸缩振动)的峰位, ～1 250 cm-1(PO的伸缩振动)谱带的峰位均明显地向低波数方向移动(P＜0.05);(2)谱带的相对强度(谱峰高度)比值H_{1 740}/H_{1 460}, H_{1 160}/Ｈ_{1 460}和H_{1 160}/H_{1 120} 较正常甲状腺明显降低(P＜0.05);(3)H_{1 080}/H_{1 460}比值明显升高(P=0.008)。这些差异是利用体表红外光谱诊断结节性甲状腺肿的基础。     

非理想化学计量比氧化铀的拉曼和红外光谱

测量了七种非理想化学计量比的UO₂+x(0＜x＜0.66)及UO₂和U₃O₇等理想化学计量比氧化铀的拉曼和红外光谱,并进行了对比分析,其中U₃O₇和U₃O₈之间UO₂+x的分子振动光谱为首次报道。拉曼光谱结果显示,随着UO₂+x中x值的增加,UO₂特征峰中的578和1 150 cm-1峰强度快速减弱,当x=0.19时,这两峰基本消失,可视为准完美萤石晶体结构UO₂的标志。445 cm-1峰强度在减弱的同时变宽并偏移,当x=0.32时,该峰已偏移至459 cm-1处,同时在～630 cm-1出现一弱肩峰,这与四方相U₃O₇的特征峰一致。当x≥0.39时,459 cm-1峰发生分裂,在235和754 cm-1处出现新峰并增强,其特征逐渐与正交相的α-U₃O₈接近。但直至x=0.60时,与α-U₃O₈相比其333,397,483和805 cm-1峰仍不突出。红外光谱结果显示,随着UO₂+x中x值的增加,UO₂位于400～570 cm-1区间的强吸收特征谱带逐渐分裂为～421和～515 cm-1两峰并增强,同时UO₂在～700 cm-1的弱吸收峰逐渐消失,～645 cm-1处的肩峰逐渐显现,出现的这三个峰正是U₃O₇的特征红外吸收峰。当x≥0.39时,在744 cm-1出现一强吸收峰并增强,该峰是α-U₃O₈的最强特征峰。但即使x=0.60时,～645 cm-1峰仍然存在,同时～515 cm-1峰也未明显分裂成485和535 cm-1峰,这表明UO_2.60仍处于四方相和正交相的过渡阶段。上述结果表明,随着x值的增加,UO₂+x的晶体结构发生变化,每次变化均在拉曼和红外光谱中得到体现。通过对比各特征峰相对强度和位置的变化情况,可很好区分和表征不同的氧化铀。     

湖北与安徽产高品质绿松石的红外与拉曼光谱特征及意义

近年来,市场对高品质绿松石的产地识别需求愈加迫切,然而,相应的研究尚少。湖北秦古、文峰和安徽笔架山产有结构致密细腻、光洁坚韧,蓝色的绿松石。它们的谱学特征基本一致,但在峰位或强度上存在可以识别的差异。红外光谱特征中,由δ(OH)弯曲振动引起的783 cm-1附近谱带在秦古样品中表现为797和779 cm-1分裂峰,在文峰样品中表现为787 cm-1峰,在笔架山样品中表现为783 cm-1峰。不同产地的R=I_{783 cm-1}/I_{837 cm-1}值不同,秦古样品R值在0.98以上,文峰样品R值在0.85左右,笔架山样品R值集中在0.91～0.94。属于ν₄(PO₄)伸缩振动内的609 cm-1附近谱带在文峰样品中较明显且强度大,在秦古样品中峰形略宽、强度稍弱,笔架山样品在该处吸收平缓且强度很小。拉曼光谱中在3 500 cm-1附近笔架山样品的峰位波数明显较湖北秦古和文峰样品的大(为3 506和3 505 cm-1),而湖北所有样品的此峰均低于3 500 cm-1(3 495～3 500 cm-1),可能由水组分的不同造成的,且其在3 472 cm-1附近的峰强度明显偏大。同样情况发生在由ν₄(PO₄)弯曲振动引起的551 cm-1峰,可能为微量元素Zn的含量差别所致。以上特征可作为识别湖北和安徽两产地绿松石的重要谱学标志,结合其外观特征,可以将二者有效区分。以上研究结果还具有潜在的考古学价值。     

大血藤药材及不同提取物FTIR的比对分析

采用红外光谱法(FTIR)、二阶导数红外光谱法和二维相关光谱分析技术(Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy) 对江西和安徽大血藤药材、水提物、蒽醌类提取物和残渣进行了快速无损比对分析研究,从中发现两产地大血藤药材的谱图中均出现1 400～1 620 cm-1和1 000～1 200 cm-1两个强峰带,说明药材含有大量的药效成分蒽醌类和糖类物质;蒽醌提取物的谱图中也有上述2个谱带,但1 400～1 620 cm-1谱带明显强于1 000～1 200 cm-1谱峰,说明该提取工艺适宜提取蒽醌类物质;而水提物中2个谱峰带则是后者明显强于前者,证实该提取工艺适宜提取糖类物质;另外通过红外谱图和二阶导数红外谱图的对比发现在药材残渣中含有大量的草酸钙晶体。证明红外光谱技术不仅能对原药材及提取物的药效基团进行分析和指认,还能区分不同产地药材的提取物含量的高低,成功地建立了大血藤及其不同提取物药效成分比对分析的新方法。     

单、双掺钒酸钇晶体的Raman光谱与能量转移研究

文章采用双光栅单色仪(HRD-1),氩离子激光器的488.0 nm波长激发,分别测得室温下,激发光平行、垂直晶体c轴入射时,Tm3 ,Ho3 单掺和双掺钒酸钇晶体的拉曼光谱,对检测结果进行分析并探讨了对能量转移的影响.观测到对Ho3 :YVO4,激发光垂直c轴时的散射光强明显强于激发光平行c轴时的散射光强;由于488.0 nm波长靠近Ho3 的一个吸收峰,吸收和散射相互竞争,使475 cm-1被削弱,且外模振动展宽;测得样品最大声子能量集中在880cm-1附近.主要是(VO4)3-的A1g呼吸模引起的,表明与YAG基质一样,也是一种具有高声子能量的晶体.用808 nm激发,锁相放大器,PbS探头接收,测得双掺Tm3 :Ho3 :YVO4的2.09 μm荧光强度是单掺Tm3 ∶YVO4 1.85 μm的4/5,意味着Tm3 对Ho3 的敏化效率高达80%,因为Tm3 :YVO4的荧光谱与Ho3 吸收谱重合甚少,由辐射跃迁导致的能量转移可能性不大,因此Tm3 离子之间的交叉弛豫以及Tm3 的3F4与Ho3 的5I7之间近共振的能量转移主要是依靠声子辅助的无辐射跃迁.     

光谱法研究钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与蛋白质的相互作用及其应用

研究了钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与牛血清蛋白(BSA)作用的共振光散射光谱(RLS)、荧光光谱和电子吸收光谱特征,建立了利用金属配合物作为探针测定痕量蛋白质的方法。钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)-BSA三元络合物的形成导致RLS强度和荧光强度的增大;同时引起电子吸收光谱的强度减小,594 nm处吸收峰消失。在pH5.65～5.75的酸度条件下,钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA系统在317 nm处有一增强的RLS光谱峰,且增强的RLS强度与BSA的浓度呈线性关系。在实验室确定的优化条件下,RLS强度与BSA浓度的线性范围为0.75～10 μg·mL-1, 线性方程为I=150.88+201.48c(BSA ,μg·mL-1),相关系数r=0.997 3。方法检出限为5.62×10-2 μg·mL-1。该方法成功地用于人工混合样品中BSA含量的测定。对钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA的作用机制的研究表明,钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA之间主要存在的是静电引力。     

软玉中结构水类型和近红外光谱解析

利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱分析技术, 对源自国内外不同产地的软玉进行了测试与分析。结果表明在7 000～7 400 cm-1波数范围内,部分产地的软玉中出现四个由羟基倍频振动致近红外吸收谱带,分别归属OH(Mg MgMg),OH(MgMgFe2+),OH(MgFe2+Fe2+),OH(Fe2+Fe2+Fe2+)的倍频振动所致, 并与软玉中透闪石矿物晶体结构中M1和M3位置的Mg2+,Fe2+占位有关。随着透闪石中Fe2+/(Fe2++ Mg2+)比值的增大,亦可导致软玉中羟基NIR谱带的进一步分裂,谱带数目和强度增加,并向低波数方向位移。文中对软玉中羟基NIR光谱的产地鉴别意义一并给予了讨论。     

广西黑青色阳起石玉振动光谱特征研究

选取产自广西大化瑶族自治县岩滩镇的黑青色阳起石玉为研究对象,采用电子探针、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和激光拉曼光谱仪就其化学成分和振动光谱特征进行测试分析,并对小半径金属阳离子在阳起石晶体结构中的占位情况予以讨论。结果表明,广西黑青色阳起石玉的主要矿物组成为富铁阳起石,并含有少量铁阳起石;化学成分中的高含量FeO_T(Wt%：18.596%~26.791%)是导致其折射率值(1.64)、密度值(3.12 g·cm-3)偏高且在自然光下呈黑色、透射光下呈绿色的主要原因。受晶体结构中Fe2+对Mg2+的类质同象替代作用影响,广西黑青色阳起石玉1 400~400 cm-1范围内的红外吸收谱带与100~1 200 cm-1范围内的拉曼谱峰位置较透闪石向低频区发生偏移,频差不等;且中红外、近红外吸收光谱和拉曼光谱中均可见四个(MgMgMg)OH(A带),(MgMgFe2+)OH(B带),(MgFe2+Fe2+)OH(C带)和(Fe2+Fe2+Fe2+)OH(D带)振动谱带,其中基频振动谱带分别位于3 674,3 660,3 644和3 625 cm-1附近,倍频振动谱带分别位于7 183,7 154,7 118和7 077 cm-1附近,相对强度为A＜D＜B＜C。化学成分和M-OH红外振动谱带积分面积计算结果显示广西黑青色阳起石玉晶体结构中Mg2+优先占据M₂位置,Fe2+优先占据M₁位置;Mg2+和Fe2+在M₁和M₃位置上的分布相对有序,占位系数接近于1。综合分析认为广西黑青色阳起石玉的变质程度属绿片岩相范畴。     

掺镱硅酸盐激光玻璃的制备与光谱特性分析

采用高温熔融工艺制备了两块组分差别不大的掺镱(Yb3+)硅酸盐激光玻璃.测试出两块玻璃样品的吸收光谱和荧光光谱;计算了Yb3+掺杂玻璃的积分吸收截面、受激发射截面、荧光线宽、能级寿命、最小粒子数、饱和泵浦强度、最小泵浦强度等参数,比较发现样品的吸收截面图与倒易法计算所得的受激发射截面图线型相似,而与F-L法计算所得的受激发射截面图筹别较大,这与理论分析相吻合.两块玻璃样品的吸收光谱的线型基本一致,吸收主峰位于975 nm,次峰位于908 nm,这就说明影响激光玻璃吸收光谱线型的主要因素足玻璃基质的组成.两块玻璃样晶的荧光光谱差别比较大,样品1主峰位于993 nm,次峰位于1 029 nm;样品2主峰位于1 035 nm,次峰位于994nm,差别原因主要在于Yb3+离子的掺杂浓度不同.     

Pressure effects on inter‐ and intramolecular vibrations in hydrogen‐bonded L‐ascorbic acid crystal

Pressure effects on the Raman spectra due to the inter‐ and intramolecular vibrations of the L ‐ascorbic acid crystal were studied. The intensity of the Raman bands due to the intermolecular vibrations varies in three different ways by application of pressure. The bands of the first group become stronger, those of the second one become weaker and the third group shows no prominent change in their intensity with increasing pressure. The bands due to the intermolecular vibrations show a blue shift, while the bands due to the intramolecular vibrations shift to the blue or red depending on the vibrational modes by application of pressure. The bands assigned to the O H stretching vibrations shift to the red, the bands assigned to the CO and CC stretching vibrations shift a little to the red and the bands assigned to the other vibrations shift to the blue under high pressure. The following conclusions were derived. (1) The hydrogen bonds forming helixes become stronger and the isolated hydrogen bond becomes weaker with increasing pressure. (2) The bands of the first group owing to the intermolecular vibrations are ascribed to the vibrations related to the helix hydrogen bonds and the second group bands to the isolated hydrogen bond. (3) The CO stretching vibration couples with the CC stretching vibration. (4) The phase transitions take place at 1.8 and 4 GPa in the crystal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二苯基亚砜、苯甲酸与轻稀土高氯酸四元配合物的合成表征及光致发光

合成并表征了高氯酸稀土与二苯基亚砜、苯甲酸的四种四元配合物。经元素分析、稀土络合滴定、摩尔电导率及差热-热重分析,表明四元配合物组成为[REL5L′(ClO4)] (ClO4) (RE= La,Pr,Nd,Eu;L=C6H5SOC6H5,L′=C6H5COO-)。在红外光谱中,第一配体二苯基亚砜的νS O的特征吸收峰出现在1 037cm-1处,而各稀土配合物的νS O向低波数移动到984 ～989 cm-1,红移50 cm-1左右,表明稀土离子与亚砜基团的氧原子之间发生配位作用。第二配体苯甲酸钠的反对称伸缩振动吸收峰νas(COO -)出现在1 550 cm-1,对称伸缩振动吸收峰νs(COO -)出现在1 416 cm-1处,羧基伸缩振动吸收频率差Δn[νas(COO -)-νs(COO -)]值为134cm-1;在所有配合物的红外光谱图中νas(COO -)向高波数方向发生了位移,而νs(COO -)向低波数方向发生了位移,并且Δn值均大于钠盐的Δn值,由此可以认为配合物中羧基是通过单齿方式与稀土离子配位。测定了配合物在丙酮溶液中的摩尔电导率,根据配合物在常见有机溶剂中的摩尔电导率与正负离子的关系结合配合物的红外光谱中高氯酸根离子的四条特征吸收带,表明配合物为1:1型电解质,两个ClO4-无机抗衡阴离子,其中一个在外界,一个进入内界与稀土离子配位。配合物的荧光发射光谱表明,四元配合物的荧光强度比二苯基亚砜高氯酸稀土二元配合物的荧光强度提高469%。磷光光谱表明苯甲酸三重态能级的下限和二苯亚砜三重态能级的上限重叠,导致三重态能级范围扩大,由此可见第二配体的加入提高了配体的三重态能级与Eu3 离子5D0能级的匹配程度。同时在配合物的荧光发射光谱中还可以看到铕离子的电偶极跃迁强度大于磁偶极跃迁,表明稀土离子不处于晶体场的对称中心。在四元配合物中,由于第二配体的加入,往往会降低配合物的对称性,从而增强稀土离子的荧光强度。本文合成的稀土配合物具有良好的荧光性能,而且在室温下稳定,溶解性好,分解温度较高。     

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Several Novel Annulated Azulene and Azafluoranthene Based Derivatives

A series of cyclized five-membered annulated azafluoranthene (AAF) and seven-membered annulated azulene (AA) derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The optical absorption and fluorescence spectra have been recorded in organic solvents of different polarity and analyzed within the semiempirical quantum chemical model PM3. In combination with the molecular dynamics simulations it properly reproduces the overall shape of the measured absorption spectra of both AA and AAF dyes including the strongest band in the region of 250-300 nm and the broad first absorption band above 400 nm. While the solvent polarity rises all the dyes exhibit the hypsochromic shift of the first absorption band and the bathochromic shift of the fluorescence band. Such opposite solvatochromic trends appear to be consistent with the Lippert-Mataga solvatochromic model. Compared to AA compounds, both AAF dyes reveal much stronger solvatochromic shift and broadening of the fluorescence band likewise the relative decrease in quantum yield on rising solvent polarity what may be an evidence for the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism being involved into the fluorescence emission. Depending on solvent polarity AA and AAF dyes emit light in the green-yellow range of the visible spectra what may be of interest for potential luminescent or electroluminescent applications.     

c向直流电压作用下α—LiIO3单晶的光的异常散射的进一步研究

文献[1]发现激光束通过c向直流电压作用下的α-LiIO₃单晶时,产生一种电矢量有特定取向且不同于入射光电矢量方向的异常散射带。本文进一步研究了这种散射带的精细结构。确定散射光相对于入射光没有大于15MHz的频移。这种散射带的强度在透射光斑两侧分布不对称,一侧强,另一侧弱。我们发现两种绝对构型的晶体,散射带的强度分布正相反,D型晶体散射强的一侧,正是L型晶体散射弱的一侧。并研究了异常散射带位置和透射光斑的位置间的各种配置状况,发现它们取决于两个通光面相对于c轴的取向。 关键词：     

Triply resonant Raman scattering in perovskite semiconductor CsSnI3

We report on the first‐order and second‐order Raman scattering (SORS) by longitudinal optical (LO) phonons in perovskite semiconductor CsSnI₃. The intensity of SORS is stronger than that of the first order. The spectral line shape of SORS is asymmetric and much broader than that of the first order. It is identified that the strong SORS intensity is attributable to the triply enhanced resonant process, which is naturally implemented through the peculiar band structure of this semiconductor compound having two adjacent parallel conduction bands with a separation close to the energy of two LO phonons. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A study on strain affecting electronic structures and optical properties of wurtzite Mg0.25 Zn0.75O by first-principles

We have made a first principles study to investigate density of states, band structure, the dielectric function and absorption spectra of wurtzite Mg 0.25 Zn 0.75 O. The calculation is carried out in a-axis and c-axis strain changing in the range from 0.3 to -0.2 in intervals of 0.1. The results calculated from density of states show that the bottom of conduction band is always dominated by Zn 4s and the top of valence band is always dominated by O 2p in a-axis and c-axis strain. Zn 4s will shift to higher energy range when a-axis strain changes in the range from 0.3 to 0, and then shift to lower energy range when a-axis strain changes in the range from 0 to -0.2. But Zn 4s will always shift to higher energy range when c-axis strain changes in the range from 0.3 to -0.2. The variations of band gap calculated from band structure and absorption spectra are also investigated, which are consistent with the results obtained from density of states. In addition, we analyse and discuss the imaginary part of the dielectric function ε 2 .     

Effect of excitation intensity on fluorescence spectra in ZnO nanostructures and its origin

ZnO nanostructures with three kinds of morphologies, namely, tetrapod-, rod-, and sheet-like shape, are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, conventional solution-phase, and hydrothermal methods, respectively. The fluorescence measurements display that the spectra of these nanostructures exhibit similar unexpected change laws with the altering excitation intensity. It is observed that when the excitation intensity increases, for the green emission band, the peak position shows a small blue-shift, the width turns broader, and the intensity grows first stronger and then weaker; for the UV emission band, the peak position exhibits a significant red-shift, and the width and intensity have the similar behaviors with those of the green band. Additionally, the relative intensity of green emission to UV emission decreases gradually. It is clarified that the origin of this abnormal phenomenon is ascribed to the local laser heating effect and the high sensitivity of nanostructures to this heating effect. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB623603)     

甲基橙溶液的pH值对纳米银荧光增强效应的影响

研究了甲基橙溶液的pH对纳米银荧光增强效应的影响.当pH 1.5和2.1时,纳米银对溶液的吸收光谱影响甚小.当pH 3.1时,吸收峰蓝移26 nm,且强度明显降低.当pH值在3.8～8.2范围时,不仅吸收峰蓝移而且在426～456 nm出现宽吸收带.在任何pH值的甲基橙溶液中加入纳米银,S2→S0跃迁荧光发射带强度下降,但下降比率受pH值影响不大;S1→S0跃迁荧光发射带强度增强,其增强比率受pH值影响较大.当pH 2.1时,荧光增强比率最大;当pH 4.8时,荧光增强比率最小.分析认为,pH值对甲基橙溶液光谱性质的影响与不同pH值条件下甲基橙分子结构的改变以及分子在纳米银粒子表面不同的吸附方式、介质环境等因素相关,尤其与甲基橙分子与纳米银粒子间的距离密切相关.     

Raman scattering in hydrogenated amorphous silicon under high pressure

The first studies on the pressure dependences of the first-order Raman spectra in plasma-deposited a-Si:H films are reported. With increasing pressure up to 25 kbar the TO optical phonon band shows a shift in peak to higher frequencies with a sharpening of width while the TA acoustic phonon band shows a shift in peak to lower frequencies with a broadening of width. The LO optical phonon band shows a shift in peak to higher frequencies whereas the LA acoustic phonon band remains unchanged. These pressure effects are discussed with changes in force constant and structural disorder. The alloying effect of H atoms on the Raman spectra is also discussed while comparing the pressure effects.