Calculation of acoustic scattering of a nonrigid surface using physical acoustic method

In this paper the physical acoustic method or the Kirchhoff approxima-tion is extended to treat the scattering of a nonrigid surface in order to estimatethe target strength of targets with absorbing coatings.By using the locally planewave approximation,the relationship between the sound pressure and its normalderivative on the surface can be represented by the plane wave reflectioncoefficient and the acoustic impedance of the surface.The resulting modifiedKirchhoff approximation involves the plane wave reflection coefficient.For aimpedance sphere,a comparison between the physical acoustic method and theexact solution shows that the physical acoustic method still is a good approxima-tion at higher κα values.     

The study of underwater acoustic communication technology based-on the acoustic vector sensor

Underwater acoustic (UWA) communication based on an acoustic vector sensor is studied. The method of joint weighted sound pressure and velocity processing is used in phase modulation high-speed UWA communication system combined with coherent demodulation and adaptive equalization algorithm to demodulate and decode. Whereas the sound intensity could be used instead of pressure for frequency decoding in frequency modulation UWA communication system. The results of theory analysis, simulation calculations and lake trials have shown that either in phase modulation or in frequency modulation UWA communication system, the processing gain can be evidently increased, so that the BER (bit error rate) can be effectively reduced and the telemetry distance can be enlarged by using the acoustic vector sensor.     

300MHZ scanning laser acoustic microscope

The knife—edge and harmonic technique in the Scanning LaserAcoustic Microscope is studied in this paper.The operating frequency of theSLAM can be increased from 100MHz to 300MHz by using the harmonic tech-nique.The acoustic images of some samples are obtained on our SLAM at300MHz.     

Research on modal analysis of structural acoustic radiation using structural vibration modes and acoustic radiation modes

Modal analysis of structural acoustic radiation from a vibrating structure is discussed using structural vibration modes and acoustic radiation modes based on the quadratic form of acoustic power. The finite element method is employed for discretisizing the structure. The boundary element method and Rayleigh integral are used for modeling the acoustic fluid. It is shown that the power radiated by a single vibration mode is to increase the radiated power and the effect of modal interaction can lead to an increase or a decrease or no change in the radiated power, moreover, control of vibration modes is a good way to reduce both vibration and radiated sound as long as the influence of interaction of vibration modes on sound radiation is insignificant. Stiffeners may change mode shapes of a plate and thus change radiation efficiency of the plate‘s modes. The CHIEF method is adopted to obtain an acoustic radiation mode formulation without the nonuniqueness difficulty at critical frequencies for three-dimensional structures by using Moore-Penrose inverse. A pulsating cube is involved to verify the formulation. Good agreement is obtained between the numerical and analytical solutions. The shapes and radiation efficiencies of acoustic radiation modes of the cube are discussed. The structural acoustic control using structural vibration modes and acoustic radiation modes are compared and studied.     

Influence of acoustic leakage at fluid–solid interface on interferometric detection of surface acoustic wave

When using laser interferometer to detect surface acoustic wave at fluid–solid interface, there are two factors which will cause the optical path length variation of the probe laser beam: interface deformation, and refractive index changes in fluid induced by acoustic leakage. Influence of acoustic leakage on laser interferometric detection for surface acoustic wave is researched here. A metal plate immersed in an infinite fluid is used as a physical model. Interface deformation due to laser-induced acoustic wave and pressure in fluid due to acoustic leakage are computed for select cases by finite element method. The optical path length variation caused by the two factors are calculated respectively and compared. The results show that the influence of acoustic leakage increases with the increasing acoustic impedance matching of fluid and solid, the peak-to-peak of influence degree increases linearly with the increasing acoustic impedance of fluid, and that decreasing the distance between the interferometer and interface can effectively reduce the influence of acoustic leakage.     

Blind estimation of shallow water acoustic channel

This paper proposed a method for blind estimation of underwater channels in shallow water environment by using received data at a single hydrophone or from single beam. First,the received signal is used for source signal reconstruction by means of signal-dependent TF(Time-Frequency)distribution,in association with instantaneous frequency estimation and TF inversion.Then the shallow-water channel estimation is achieved via WRELAX technique by use of the received signal and the estimated source signal.Finally,the results of numerical simulation and experimental test from real data taken in South China Sea trial have proved satisfactory.It is shown that the proposed method is useful for underwater channel estimation.     

Experimental investigation on active acoustic flutter control

I.IntroductionActiveacousticexcitation,knownasoneoftheclassicalflowcontroltechniquesinaerthdynandcs,cootinuestobeanimportantsubjectareathatattractsmuchattelltionnowadays.IthasbeenaPpliedsuccessfullyrangingfromnoisecontrol,separated-flowcontrol,mbongen-hancemellt,andcombustioninstabilitytopracticajengineproblems,suchassuxgeandrotatingstallandbuzz.Recently,itisextendedtotheactivefluttersuppressionl2],whichisoneofthemostdimcultproblemsintheaerodynamicsandeffortstosolvetheproblemhavebeenmadeforma…     

Computer simulation of acoustic nonlinear parameter tomography

I.IntroductionUltrasonicimaginghasbcenwide1yusedinthcfie1dofclinicaldiagnosis,becauseitcanvisualizethetissuetharacterizationandinternalstructureofbiologicalobjectsbyacousticwave.Usingconventionalultrasonicimagingtechnique,theimagesofacousticlinearparameterssuchassoundve1ocity,acousticimpedenccandattenuationcoefficientmaybeobtained.Thesehavebecometheeffectivemethodsofu1trasonicdiagnosis.How-ever,inordertoobscrvctheearlystageofcanccr,weintendtoobtainmoreaccurateandmorecompleteinformationaboutth…     

Theoretical analysis of acoustic suspended sediment observation

1 IntroductionSince 1980 s the obserVations of suspended sedimellts based on acoustical back-scatteringhave been applied to the studies of sediment dynamics in the estuary and coastal area and tothe monitoring of the marine pollutant and plankton[1--lol. Compared with the clajssical watersampling and the optical obserwtions, the acoustical ObserVation can continuously observe thein-site sediment concentration profilers along the water depth and their variation with timewithout disturbing the …     

Inversion of acoustic mode coupling coefficient matrix

It is found that the normal mode amplitude time series consist of multi-frequency component by analyzing the structure of acoustical signal when internal wave propagation exists, and each frequency is the product of internal wave speed and the normal mode wave number difference between acoustical receivers and source. The amplitude of each component is proportional to the acoustic mode coupling coefficient. The structure of the normal mode coefficient time series is still complex even the internal waves do not reshape when they propagate from the acoustical receivers to the source. A method is presented to compute the AMCCM by the feature of IWs' motion and the relation between the AMCCM and the acoustical signal fluctuation amplitude. The IWs data measured in the 2001 Asia experiment (ASIAEX2001) is used to check the accuracy of this method by numerical simulation. It is show that the method is accurate to compute the AMCCM.     

Study on surface acoustic wave rotary motors

On the surface of 128° yx-LiNbO3 substrate, two pairs of Inter-Digital Transducers (IDTs) are parallelly arranged in the propagation direction, which is a stator of surface acoustic wave (SAW) rotary motors. A plastic disk with small balls distributed around the circumference is a rotor. When a high frequency voltage is inputted to two IDTs, two Rayleigh wave beams are generated and are propagating on the substrate in opposite directions with each other. The resulting local relative motion between the particles of the stator and the balls produces two inverse frictional forces to form a moment to drive the rotor. The experimental results and theoretical analysis and calculation for two operating frequencies are accomplished and discussed.     

Local-linear-prediction analysis for underwater acoustic target radiated noise

Local-linear-prediction in phase space is performed for the underwater acoustic target radiated noise. Relation curve of average prediction error versus neighboring points' number is calculated. The result is used in judging the nonlinearity of radiated noise time series, and obtaining the appropriate form and coefficients of predicting model. The line and continuous spectral component are predicted respectively. Choice of some model parameters minimizing the prediction error is also discussed.     

A bridge between acoustic metamaterials and quantum computation

Acoustic waves are one necessary ingredient for many useful tasks.To complete these tasks,acoustic waves need to be transmitted in certain ways,and sometimes,people would like them to be transmitted in ways that are unnatural through passive devices.The latter seemingly unrealistic wish became true with the advent of acoustic metamaterials,which sunrises people very much.Acoustic metamaterials are artificial materials made of well-designed microstructures[1].     

Design of sandwich acoustic window for sonar domes

Aimed at the low noise design of sonar dome in ships, a method has been presented for calculating the sonar self noise of a simplified sonar dome consisting of sandwich acoustic window and parallel acoustic cavity, which is excited by stationary random pressure fluctuation of turbulence boundary layer, using temporal and spatial double Fourier transform and wavenumber-frequency spectrum analysis. After numerically analyzing the influence of geometrical and physical parameters of acoustic window on the sonar self noise, the design method and reasonable parameters for sandwich acoustic window are proposed. The results show that the property of low noise induced by acoustic window of sandwich is dominated by the cut-off effect of longitudinal wave and transverse wave propagating in the visco-elastic layer of sandwich as well as the mismatch effect of impedance. If the thickness, density, Young‘s modulus and damping factor of plates and visco-elastic layer as well as the sound speed of longitudinal wave and transverse wave in the visco-elastic layer are selected reasonably, the maximum noise reduction of sandwich acoustic window is 6.5 dB greater than that of a single glass fiber reinforced plastic plate.     

Study on the acoustic emission-model of concrete damage

I.lntroductiollBecausetherearethedefects.cracksandnon-homologousmicrostructurewithdifferentpropertiesincollcrete,whenaloadisputonconcretematerialthedamageandbreakagemayresultandsoonafterwardsexpanded.Itisadifficutproblem,howtodecidethedamageofconcretematerialwithcracksanddefects.TheacousticemissionisanassociatedphenomenollwiththeprocessofthenonhomologousdeformationorthebreakaeandexPansiollofmaterial.InthispaPertherelationshipbetweentheacousticemis8ionparametersandthedamageparameters,andthedam…     

Underwater acoustic image segmentation based on deformable template

In order to solve the problem of deformation and blurred edge in underwater acoustic image segmentation, an approach based on the deformable template is presented. Compared with the energy minimization of the Snake model, the energy function is redefined by adding a shape restriction. This improves the noise-resistance ability so that robustness and high segmentation efficiency are acquired. The energy optimization problem is tackled using the Dijkstra Algorithm. This method has been successfully tested on the filled-in acoustic images. The results show that this algorithm is efficient, precise and very immune to image deformation and noise when compared to results obtained from the Snake model and several traditional optimization methods.     

Focusing in solids and application in acoustic imaging

Focusing in solids by surface transducer arrays(STA)and the acousticfield distribution on the focal axis are studied in this paper.The relation betweenthe source element width and the field strength at different order focuses is alsodiscussed.Numerical calculation is used to get the focal field distribution as theelement width is changed.Some practical problems such as the minimumdistinguishable frequency,the transversal and longitudinal resolution are investi-gated when this kind of focusing is used for NDT and acoustic imaging.Someexplorative experiments have been done to demonstrate the theory.     

High frequency acoustic microscopy with Fresnel zoom lens

The acoustic field distributions and the convergent beams generated by the planar-structure Fresnel zone transducers on solid surface are investigated. Because only 0 and 180 degree phase transducers are used, an imaging system with the Fresnel zoom lens could work at very high frequency, which overcomes the frequency limit of the traditional phased array acoustic imaging system. Simulation results are given to illustrate the acoustic field distributions along the focal axis and the whole plane as well. Based on the principle of scanning of the focus with the change of frequency for the excited signal, an experimental imaging system is also built. Acoustic Fresnel zone transducers are fabricated at center frequency of 400 MHz. Measurements and detections of the known hole flaws at different depths of the fused quartz sample are presented to show that the imaging system with Fresnel zoom lens could move its focus by only changing the frequency of the excited signal.     

An investigation on the acoustic characteristics of microperforated muffler

I.lntroductionTheac0usticperformanccofmicropcrforatedmumerhasbeengreatlynoticedinre-ccntyears.Especially,itshighsi1encingva1ueandbroadsi1encingfrequencyrangeenableittobeusedwidelyinmanyyiclds,suchasvehicleexhaustsystem,ventilator.Butitisdifficulttodesignagoodsilcnccrbecauseoritscomp1exacousticperformanccwithinPerforatedtubes.Thegoverningwaveequationofmicroperforatedmufflerisnotlinearduetothenonuniformmassflowofgasaswc11asthetcmpcraturegradientalongthePerforatedducts.Inordertoutilizethegoodsi…     

Study on a synthetic-aperture acoustic imagingfocusing algorithm in time-domain

I.IntroductionThesynthetic-aperturefocusingacousticimagingisakindofultrasonicimagingtechniqueorigina1lydevelopedfromthesynthetic-aPertureradarsince7O,[1'2].Insynthetic-apertureradar,electro-magneticwaveisusedasthesignalcarrier,whichpropagatesatveryhighvelocityandworksatveryhighfrequency.Therefore,evenwhenthesignaltakesrelativelynarrowband-widthofB.51o%,thesystemresolutionmaystillmeettherequiredspecification.Insynthetic-apertureacousticimaging,theacousticwaveisusedasthesignalcarrier,whichprop…