脱粘界面超声检测信号的小波多分辨率分析与重构

针对钢－橡胶分层粘接结构的超声检测回波信号,利用小波变换的多分辨率时频特性提出了小波特征参数提取算法,据此在对检测信号进行的时间－尺度分布分析基础上,重构出脱粘界面回波信号的时域和频域特征。实验检测结果表明本文方法在现代工业ＮＤＴ＆Ｅ中的应用有着可喜的前景。     

基于小波阀值消噪的硝铵NQR信号处理

针对硝铵（AN）核电四极矩共振（NQR）信号通过傅立叶变换频域分析缺乏信号时域信息的特点,对硝铵NQR信号进行时频分析,达到从强背景噪声下检测出NQR信号的目的. 引入小波分析阀值去噪的方法对硝铵NQR信号进行处理. 对处理后数据与标准信号之间的相关系数进行分析. 实验结果表明小波阀值去噪方法可以成功检测到硝铵的NQR信号.     

湍流信号分析中小波基的对比和选取

采用小波分析处理湍流脉动信号时,不同的小波基往往会带来不同的分析结果.为了尽可能准确地提取湍流流动的多尺度特征,研究并建立湍流信号处理中适宜小波基选取的合理方法是十分必要的.基于湍流时频特性,结合信息熵理论,建立了以品质因数和特征谱熵值为评价指标的小波基选取方法.以计算分析三组不同湍流信号的小波基为例,结果进一步验证了...     

激光主动探测中回波信号的小波去噪方法

在分析激光主动探测中回波信号的噪声特性和小波变换去噪原理的基础上，提出了一种基于最大信噪比准则的小渡阈值去噪方法。首先用最大信噪比准则对小波变换系数进行阈值选取，然后采用软阂值方法对小波系数进行量化处理后再重构。仿真结果表明最大信噪比准则小波去噪方法改善信噪比效果十分显著，检测下限达到-16．2dB。证明了该方法在激光主动探测系统回波信号检测中的有效性。     

基于荧光技术的啶虫咪农药检测仪的研究

设计了一套基于线阵CCD光电转换原理的荧光检测系统。利用该系统实现了对啶虫咪农药荧光光谱特性的检测。用CCD检测仪取代了常用的光电转换器件——光电倍增管，通过与光栅结合实现了光谱的快速分析。根据噪声和信号在小波变换下表现出的截然不同的性质，提出基于小波变换技术的荧光信号特征提取及消噪方法。结果表明，采用小波去噪能更好地保留荧光光谱峰值处的信息，可以大大提高系统的检测精度。     

小波能量积累器在信号处理中的应用

 根据小波变换的多尺度分解特性,提出了多尺度小波能量积累器的概念,并给出了相应的多尺度小波能量积累算法,将信号在不同分解尺度上的小波能量进行积累。在此基础上设计出一种适用于各种雷达,尤其是微波雷达弱信号处理的小波能量检测算法,对低信噪比信号检测进行了仿真实验。结果表明,该检测算法对强白噪声及强色噪声背景下的低信噪比信号的检测非常有效。     

薄膜宽带监控中光谱信号随机噪音处理的研究

利用小波变换在时频域具有一定时间和频率多分辨率的特性,设计了小波阈值优化方法.根据信号与随机噪音在小波变换下各尺度不同的性质,同时减小拒真概率和虚报概率,在有效抑制随机噪音基础上,很好地保留了信号的细节成分.峰值误差为0.7%~1.0%,峰位误差为0.1%~0.3%.提高了光谱信号分析的准确性及系统的判停准确度.     

薄膜宽带监控中光谱信号随机噪音处理的研究

利用小波变换在时频域具有一定时间和频率多分辨率的特性,设计了小波阈值优化方法.根据信号与随机噪音在小波变换下各尺度不同的性质,同时减小拒真概率和虚报概率,在有效抑制随机噪音基础上,很好地保留了信号的细节成分.峰值误差为0.7%～1.0%,峰位误差为0.1%～0.3%.提高了光谱信号分析的准确性及系统的判停准确度.     

超声非线性效应表征的动态小波指纹分析方法

针对结构早期损伤超声非线性检测中损伤表征问题,发展了一种基于动态小波指纹的超声信号分析方法,从超声信号的动态小波指纹分布中提取出一种可用于结构早期损伤表征的超声非线性特征参数。研究了小波基函数及分析尺度对超声非线性效应提取效果的影响,优选出对结构早期损伤敏感的小波基函数以及尺度范围。将提出的动态小波指纹分析方法应用于二次谐波及混频非线性超声检测信号分析,结果表明,动态小波指纹分析方法可有效提取出检测信号中的二次谐波及混频分量,基于小波指纹分布的非线性特征参数可用于板结构中微裂纹的定量表征.本文研究工作为结构早期损伤超声非线性检测中的弱非线性效应提取作了有益探索。      

小波变换软阈值去噪在粗晶材料超声检测中的应用

本研究多尺度小波分析方法在粗晶材料超声检测信号增强中的应用。在分析结构噪声，电噪声和缺陷信号的小波变换特性的基础上，提出一种用一个尺度间变化的门限闭值来抑制噪声的小波变换系数，并以各尺度缺陷信号的能量关系形成权值，加权重构信号来提高信噪比。实验结果表明，该方法具有很好的去噪效果，增强了粗晶材料缺陷的检出率。     

小波阈值去噪法在农药荧光分析中的应用

在农药荧光分析中，最大峰值波长对应的荧光强度的信息直接关系到检测的精度。该文提出用小波变换法对测得的农药荧光光谱进行消噪处理。鉴于软阈值和硬阈值2种方法均存在一定的缺陷，介绍一种新的阈值处理方法——软硬阈值折衷法，并将使用该方法进行小波去噪后的荧光光谱图与用传统模拟低通滤波器去噪后的光谱图进行了比较。结果表明，经小波去噪后的荧光光谱图更多地保留了原信号的信息，有助于提高系统的检测精度。     

自然地面背景下红外目标检测算法

为了快速准确地检测出以地面物体为背景的红外序列图像中的目标,结合小波变换的特点及其应用于图像边缘检测的优点,提出了一种基于小波技术的图像预处理算法。该方法利用图像边缘在目标识别中的重要作用,讨论了基于小波变换的图像边缘检测方法,并结合地面背景红外图像自身的特点,大大地提高了单帧的检测概率。     

Damage detection of a rectangular plate by spatial wavelet based approach

This paper presents a technique for structure damage detection based on spatial wavelet analysis. Many damage detection methods require modal properties before and after damage. This method only needs the spatially distributed signals (e.g. the displacements or mode shapes) of the rectangular plate after damage. First, spatially distributed signals of the rectangular plate with damage are obtained by finite element method. The damaged region is represented as the elements with reduced stiffness. Then these spatially distributed signals are analyzed by wavelet transformation. It is observed that distributions of the wavelet coefficients can identify the damage position of rectangular plate by showing a peak at the position of the damage. It is also demonstrated that this method is very sensitivity to the damage size.     

Development of vibration signature analysis using multiwavelet systems

In this paper the vibration analysis for local faults and transient phenomena detection, using multiwavelet systems, is developed. Unlike the scalar wavelet systems, in which their coefficients are scalar parameters, the transformation coefficients of multiwavelet systems are vector valued, and their calculation requires specialized techniques. In this investigation, having considered the technique used to obtain the scalar wavelet system coefficients, the transformation coefficients of the multiwavelet system are calculated, and by applying the method to artificial vibration signals, decomposition of the signal into different multiscale and multiwavelet functions (as introduced by Donovan, Geronimo, Hardin and Massopust) is examined, as well as the capability of this multiwavelet system for transient phenomena detection. By analyzing the vibration signal of a faulty gearing system the applicability of Donovan, Geronimo, Hardin and Massopust multiwavelet system for local fault detection of the mechanical systems is shown. The results confirm that using the multiwavelet system, not only can the fault in the gearing system be diagnosed, but also its location can be determined precisely.     

一种基于小波分析的唐卡图像划痕检测

唐卡图像在其保存和搬运过程中较易出现细微的划痕,针对所出现的垂直(水平)划痕进行了自动检测算法研究。垂直(水平)划痕实质上属于特殊的边缘,首先利用该特性采用小波模极大值描述图像中目标的多尺度边界;然后再通过投影变换放大划痕中心的亮度极值特性,并基于多尺度突变点检测找到划痕的位置;最终采用标注联通分量、设置高度和宽度约束得到划痕的掩膜。实验结果表明,利用该方法取得了较好的检测效果。     

尾流散射光性质的一维小波变换分析

船舶尾流具有特殊的声学、电学、磁学和光学特性。选用一维小波变换含离散小波变换、连续小波变换、小波包变换、复小波变换对测量的尾流光学性质进行了分析，其结果表明：不同条件下尾流散射光信号具有不同的自动阈值，经小波变换后保留的能量比例、小波系数置零比率不同，变换的小波系数染色模式、系数曲线、最大系数线区别明显。一维连续小波变换显示出细节信号具有一定周期性，说明在测量过程存在周期性的干扰因素。通过小波分解的各层细节信号，为在测量结果中消除或降低这些因素的影响指明了方向。一维连续小波变换结果显示，在不同压强下小波系数大小及分布、极大值分布都有明显区别。一维小波包变换的压缩信号保留了原始信号绝大部分的能量，选择的系数可作为不同压强下尾流气泡幕的特征系数，而一维复小波变换变换的模、模角以及系数随时间轴的分布，其相对大小都不相同。经小波分析，可以提取出散射光信号的共性，也可以直观地展示不同散射光信号的区别。     

用MATLAB模拟信号检测和复原实验

利用MATLAB信号处理工具箱和GUI工具,结合维纳变换和小波变换等去噪算法,建立了一个声音信号的光电探测和复原的模拟系统.     

Vibration damage detection of a Timoshenko beam by spatial wavelet based approach

This paper presents a technique for structure damage detection based on spatial wavelet analysis. The wavelet transform is used to analyze the mode shape of a Timoshenko beam. First, the mode shapes of the Timoshenko beam containing a transverse crack are obtained. The crack is represented as a rotational spring. Then these spatially distributed signals are analyzed by wavelet transformation. It is observed that distributions of the wavelet coefficients can identify the crack position of Timoshenko beam by showing a peak at the position of the crack. It is also demonstrated that the crack position can be detected by this method even though the crack is very small. Assumed measurement errors are added to the mode shape for evaluating the effect of measurement errors on the capability of detecting crack position. The moving average method is used to process the data with assumed measurement errors. The crack positions can also be identified when there exist assumed measurement errors.     

Two-dimensional discrete wavelet analysis of multiparticle event topology in heavy ion collisions

The event-by-event analysis of multiparticle production in high energy hadron and nuclei collisions can be performed using the discrete wavelet transformation. The ring-like and jet-like structures in two-dimensional angular histograms are well extracted by wavelet analysis. For the first time the method is applied to the jet-like events. The jet positions are located quite well by the discrete wavelet transformation of angular particle distribution even in the presence of soft process background in nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energies.     

Damage detection of cracked thick rotating blades by a spatial wavelet based approach

This paper presents a technique for blade damage detection based on spatial wavelet analysis. The wavelet transform is used to analyze spatially distributed signals (e.g. mode shape) of cracked thick rotating blades. First, a finite element model is applied to the vibration of a thick rotating blade with a single edge crack. The effects of transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia are taken into account. Then the mode shapes of the cracked rotating blade are analyzed by wavelet transformation. The effects of crack locations and sizes on the wavelet coefficients are studied. It is found that the distributions of the wavelet coefficients can identify the crack position of the rotating blades by showing a peak at the position of the crack. Then the signals are analyzed by wavelet transform. It is found that the distributions of the wavelet coefficients can identify the crack position. Assumed measurement errors are added to nth mode shape for evaluating the effect of measurement errors on the capability of detecting crack position. The moving average method is used to process the data with assumed measurement errors. The crack positions can also be identified when there exist assumed measurement errors.