四取代4-异丙苯基苯氧基酞菁铅复合凝胶玻璃的结构及光限幅性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)湿化学工艺将四取代4-异丙苯基苯氧基酞菁铅PbPc(CP)₄掺入二氧化硅(SiO₂)凝胶玻璃基质,制备均匀掺杂的PbPc(CP)₄复合凝胶玻璃,并通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱和透射电镜(TEM)图像对PbPc(CP)₄在复合凝胶玻璃中的存在状态及结构进行了表征。对PbPc(CP)₄在液相体系和固相体系中的光限幅性能分别进行了测试及对比研究。结果表明PbPc(CP)₄以团簇形式存在于复合凝胶玻璃中,并由于钢性结构固相基质的保护作用使其在复合凝胶玻璃相对于液相体系中表现出较强的光限幅特性。     

表面修饰纳米碳管复合二氧化硅凝胶玻璃的制备研究

采用羧基化、酰氯化和酰胺化等三步化学反应实现了r-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(NH₂(CH₂)₃Si(OC₂H₅)₃,APTES)对纳米碳管(CNTs)的表面修饰。在此基础上,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺将其引入到二氧化硅凝胶玻璃中,并通过红外IR光谱、扫描电子显微镜SEM分析测试方法对所得样品的组成和结构进行表征。结果表明,经过一系列的化学处理,成功实现了CNTs与APTES的共价键合而达到表面修饰的效果。溶胶-凝胶过程中,先驱液中正硅酸乙酯(Si(OC₂H₅)₄,TEOS)、r-缩水甘油醚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CH₂OCHCH₂O(CH2)₃Si(OCH₃)₃,GPTMS)、CNTs-APTES分别发生水解,并经过共同聚合反应形成二氧化硅三维网络结构,而CNTs也借助于APTES而被化学键合到二氧化硅网络中,实现了在二氧化硅凝胶玻璃基质中的均匀分散,从根本上克服了CNTs在固相基质中团聚的问题。     

磺酸基对掺杂酞菁在溶胶-凝胶复合体系中UV/Vis吸收光谱的影响

选择、设计具有代表性无取代酞菁镍(NiPc)和周环带有4个磺酸基的四磺化酞菁镍(NiTSPc),采用溶胶-凝胶湿化学将其均匀掺入SiO₂凝胶基质,制备无机基质酞菁掺杂复合光功能材料并考察磺酸基的引入对掺杂酞菁在溶胶-凝胶复合体系中UV/Vis吸收光谱的影响。研究结果表明水溶性磺酸基的引入有助于改善酞菁的溶解性,进而实现其与溶胶-凝胶体系的稳定互溶,使酞菁均匀掺杂复合材料的制备成为可能。     

一种基于有机杂化溶胶-凝胶Hg2+敏感膜的研究

研究了基于有机杂化硅氧烷的Hg2 光化学传感膜,通过四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)和二甲基二甲氧基硅烷(DMOS)进行缩聚,将5,10,15,20-四苯基卟啉磺酸钠与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵以离子对的形式包埋于溶胶-凝胶中,获得对Hg2 有灵敏荧光响应的溶胶-凝胶敏感膜.实验考察了传感膜的制备条件和响应性能.结果表明,在pH 8.0的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,Hg2 的浓度与传感膜的荧光猝灭比值在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,传感膜具有响应时间短,指示剂不泄漏,测定重现性好,其他金属离子干扰小等优点.     

稀土配合物掺杂凝胶的原位光声光谱研究及其共发光效应

采用溶胶-凝胶方法,制备了Ln(Sal)₃·H₂O(Ln3+∶La3+, Nd3+, Tb3+; Sal: 水杨酸) 稀土配合物掺杂的二氧化硅凝胶样品。首次采用光声光谱对稀土配合物在凝胶中的形成进行研究。结果表明,经110 ℃热处理后,Tb3+, La3+和Nd3+配合物掺杂的凝胶样品在配体吸收处的光声强度依次明显增强;而对仅在室温陈化、干燥的湿凝胶样品,其配体吸收处的光声强度几乎完全相同。研究发现,未经适当的热处理过程凝胶样品中稀土配合物尚不能形成。结合荧光光谱,分析了凝胶中稀土离子配位环境的变化和稀土配合物的形成。首次发现了稀土芳香羧酸配合物掺杂凝胶的共发光效应,考察Tb_0.8Gd_0.2(Sal)₃·H₂O和Tb_0.8Nd_0.2(Sal)₃·H₂O配合物掺杂的凝胶样品,发现Gd3+离子的引入了增强了凝胶样品中Tb3+的发光效率,而Nd3+离子的引入明显减弱了凝胶中Tb3+的发光,并对共发光效应可能的机理进行了讨论。     

基于荧光响应的氨传感膜研究

利用有机改性溶胶-凝胶的包埋方式,以氨基荧光素(AF)为荧光指示探针制备氨传感敏感膜,考察了AF与γ-[(2,3)-环氧丙氧基]丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GOPS)作用后的膜泄漏度及荧光光谱行为的变化,对氨传感敏感膜的配比进行了一系列的优化,获得了对氨具有高响应灵敏度而对pH无响应的氨光传感敏感膜。利用自行构建的氨传感检测装置对水体中氨进行了检测,传感膜对水溶液NH₄的最低检出限为0.3 μg·mL-1,测定的相对标准偏差为4%,线性范围为1～80 μg·mL-1,响应时间(t₉₅)为4 min,敏感膜使用寿命大于6个月。     

十六羧酸基酞菁锌光敏剂与白蛋白相互作用的光谱研究及复合物的制备

利用光谱法研究了光敏剂分子2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-八(3,5-二羧酸基苯氧基)酞菁锌(ZnPc(COOH)₁₆)与白蛋白(BSA和HSA)的相互作用,结果表明,ZnPc(COOH)₁₆与BSA,HSA存在较强的相互作用,结合常数为2.25～2.94×106 L·mol-1。同时,通过温育摩尔比为2∶1的ZnPc(COOH)₁₆和白蛋白混合物,进而凝胶色谱分离纯化,得到了摩尔比为1∶1的ZnPc(COOH)₁₆-BSA和ZnPc(COOH)₁₆-HSA复合物。光谱研究表明,ZnPc(COOH)₁₆在复合物中以单体形式存在,Q带最大吸收峰和发射峰均较单纯的ZnPc(COOH)₁₆有所红移。     

LED用红色发光材料 Li3Ba2Ln3-xEux(MoO4)8的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了发光二极管(LED)用的系列红色荧光粉Li₃Ba₂Ln_3-xEu_x(MoO₄)₈ (Ln=La, Gd, Y)。利用差热-热重(TG-DTA)分析和粉末X 射线衍射(XRD)测定了其最佳合成温度和不同温度下所得样品的结构,发现所有样品均具有单斜结构;采用荧光光谱对所得荧光粉发光性能进行了表征,发现在相同条件下所得样品的发光强度顺序为:Li₃Ba₂Y_2.8Eu_0.2(MoO₄)₈＞Li₃Ba₂Gd_2.8Eu_0.2(MoO₄)₈＞Li₃Ba₂La_2.8Eu_0.2-(MoO₄)₈。它们在395 nm和465 nm的激发光源激发时均有强的吸收,与LED芯片发射波长相匹配。同时分析了柠檬酸及分散剂聚乙二醇(PEG-10000)的用量、Eu³⁺离子的浓度以及焙烧温度等因素对荧光粉发光性能的影响。     

BOD光化学传感敏感膜荧光响应的研究

利用自行构建的BOD光纤传感装置对海水中BOD含量进行了检测,考察了海洋耗氧菌种在四甲基硅氧烷(TMOS)、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷(DiMe-DMOS)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)包埋情况下,对BOD的荧光响应行为以及耗氧菌种的加入量对BOD浓度的响应情况。传感膜对5 mg·L-1 BOD溶液测定的相对标准偏差为1.2%(n＝6),响应时间为3.2 min,敏感膜使用寿命大于12个月。实际海水样品检测表明,利用BOD光纤传感检测的结果与国标BOD₅方法,存在较好的一致性。     

表面修饰的CdS纳米荧光探针的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成硫脲表面修饰的硫化镉纳米粒子[CdS/SC(NH₂)₂],研究硫脲的用量对其粒径的影响,用X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜,红外光谱以及荧光光谱等手段进行了表征。并研究了小牛胸腺DNA的加入对该纳米粒子荧光光谱的影响。实验结果表明,硫脲的用量对该纳米粒子的粒径大小及发光特性有明显影响,随反应物中硫脲与镉离子的物质的量的比值增加,CdS/SC(NH₂)₂纳米粒子粒径变小,其发射波长蓝移,表现出明显的量子尺寸特性;小牛胸腺DNA的加入使CdS/SC(NH₂)₂纳米粒子的发射光谱强度减弱,实验推测该纳米粒子与小牛胸腺DNA存在静电相互作用, 该研究结果可望用于DNA的分析测定。     

钌(Ⅱ)配合物有机改性溶胶-凝胶氧传感膜荧光行为的研究

本文考察了利用甲基硅氧烷（TMOS）和二甲基二甲氧基硅烷（DiMe-DMOS)为共先驱体制备的有机改性溶胶－凝胶（sol-gel）氧荧光繁感传感膜，比较了5种不同配体的Ru配合物在不同极性溶剂和sol-gel膜内的荧光行为，考察了膜极性的改变对Ru化合物荧光光谱的影响，以及氧对不同极性有机改性sol-gel包埋Ru化合物荧光猝灭的程度。研究结果表明，在sol-gel膜内，Ru化合物的荧光寿命都有不同程度的增加，同时对氧的猝灭程度增加。另外膜的极性对氧猝灭的程度也有很大的影响，增加膜的疏水性，将提高传感膜对氧浓度的响应。     

氧对钌(Ⅱ)配合物溶胶-凝胶膜荧光响应的影响

利用蓝光LED(λmax =4 6 0nm )构建的氧荧光猝灭检测系统 ,考察了不同Ru配合物以甲基硅氧烷(TMOS)和二甲基二甲氧基硅烷 (DiMe DMOS)为共先驱体 ,制备的有机改性溶胶 凝胶 (sol gel)膜内荧光猝灭行为。DiMe DMOS的加入量会影响敏感膜的极性 ,从而影响敏感膜对氧浓度的响应。利用自行构建的装置对水体中氧进行了检测 ,传感膜对氧饱和水溶液测定的相对标准偏差为 1 12 % (n =6 ) ,响应时间为 30s,对氮饱和水溶液测定相对标准偏差为 0 39% (n =6 ) ,响应时间为 90s,敏感膜使用寿命大于 6个月。     

Evaluation of acoustoelectric UV sensor according to ZnO thin film properties

This paper presents an improvement of the acoustoelectric effect by sensitivity and response of ultraviolet (UV) sensors by changing the argon/oxygen ratio. The acoustoelectric sensor is a delay-line type with a center frequency of 240.2625 MHz and fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate. Aluminum thin films were deposited as interdigitated transducers and patterned, and the ZnO thin film was deposited as a UV sensing layer by controlling the ratio of argon and oxygen with an RF magnetron sputtering. By increasing the oxygen partial pressure during ZnO deposition, the photoconductivity increased by 6.5 times, thereby increasing the frequency change related to the sensitivity of the sensor. The sensitivity to UV light was 110.4 Hz cm²/μW under an argon/oxygen ratio of 6:4, which is an increase of 5.1 times from 21.76 Hz cm²/μW obtained under a ratio of 10:2. In addition, the response and recovery times were improved by 2.85 times and 3.02 times, respectively.     

Chemical optimisation of a sol-gel procedure for the development of fluorescence Cu(II) nanosensors

A template-assisted sol-gel procedure was developed and optimised for the preparation of silica thin films embedding the fluorescent dye 3-(dansylamido)-propyl-triethoxysilane (DNS-APTES) for Cu(II) sensing purposes. The different parameters involved (solution composition, nature of the template, deposition and annealing conditions, post-synthesis deposition of additional coatings, etc.) were independently changed in order to evaluate their effect on the final microstructure, composition and sensor performances of the films. The optimisation procedure encompassed also the choice of the suitable parameters to ensure stability of the sensing films and to avoid the leaching of the fluorescent dye.Films prepared by using the non-ionic surfactant F127, without an additional coating and with a post-deposition annealing at 100 °C for 2 h, were proven to be the best performing ones, characterised by the largest and fastest fluorescence quenching. In particular, the presence of a template was demonstrated to play a major role in determining the efficiency of the sensing device. The surface and in-depth composition of thin films was analysed by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). The sensing performances of the films were tested by titration experiments with Cu²⁺.     

钌(Ⅱ)配合物有机改性干凝胶的氧传感性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(Octyl-triEOS)为共先驱体制备了掺杂二氯化二联吡啶(二吡啶并[3,2-a 2,3-c]吩嗪)合钌(Ru-Dppz)的干凝胶.考察了Ru-Dppz在乙醇溶液和干凝胶内的荧光行为,发现在干凝胶中配合物的发射光谱较乙醇溶液中有明显蓝移.与固态本体配合物相比,干凝胶内Ru-Dppz的荧光寿命有明显增加.以Ru-Dppz为荧光指示剂的有机改性氧传感材料具有灵敏度高、响应时间短及稳定性好等优点.该复合材料中有机改性剂的加入提高了氧的通透性,降低了发光分子间的浓度自猝灭进而改善了材料传感的灵敏度.     

XPS study on the correlation between chemical state and oxygen-sensing properties of an iron oxide thin film

We have studied the correlation between the chemical state and the oxygen-sensing properties of an iron oxide thin film using a setup that allows simultaneous sensor resistance measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data acquisition. The gas exposures were performed at the highest operating pressure of the XPS spectrometer at a controlled sample temperature which allows direct comparison between the sensor response and the chemical state of the surface. The iron oxide film was modified by a sequence of argon ion sputtering steps and the induced changes in the chemical state, resistance, and sensitivity to oxygen were investigated. The sputtering was found to reduce the iron from the Fe³⁺ to the Fe²⁺ state and to decrease the sensor resistance. The measured sensitivity to oxygen first increased by a factor of two but then collapsed to its original level. The mechanism for oxygen sensing was found to be filling of the oxygen vacancies in the lattice. The effect of the sputtering on the resistance and sensitivity could be explained first with an increase in the density of oxygen vacancies and then, as the iron became more reduced, with an increase in the p-type conductivity.     

Graphene oxide thin film coated quartz crystal microbalance for humidity detection

In this paper, we demonstrated that chemically derived graphene oxide (GO) thin film as a humidity sensitive coating deposited on quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) for humidity detection. By exposing GO thin film coated QCMs to various relative humidity (RH) environments at room temperature, the humidity sensing characteristics of the QCMs such as sensitivity and linearity, response and recovery, humidity hysteresis were investigated. The experiment results show that GO thin film coated QCMs exhibit an excellent humidity sensing performance. Moreover, the possible humidity sensing mechanism of GO thin film coated QCMs was also investigated by monitoring the crystal's motional resistance change. It is suggested that the frequency response of the QCMs is dependent on water molecules adsorbed/desorbed masses on GO thin film in the low RH range, and on both water molecules adsorbed/desorbed masses on GO thin film and variations in interlayer expansion stress of GO thin film derived from swelling effect in the high RH range.     

高性能氧温双传感材料的研究

本文研究了荧光纳米材料与有机染料结合在多传感领域的应用:将荧光纳米材料CdSe/ZnS与有机染料铂(Ⅱ)四(五氟苯基)卟啉包埋于聚氨酯水凝胶D4,经过水解、缩合获得固体薄膜,来实现氧气浓度和温度的同时检测.利用发射峰在524nm的CdSe/ZnS荧光纳米材料提供温度传感,氧气传感则是基于发射峰为650nm的铂(Ⅱ)四(五氟苯基)卟啉的动态猝灭.所制得的薄膜具有良好的光学稳定性,由405nm的紫外光激发,得到两发射峰互不重叠的光谱.实验结果表明,在氧气浓度(0~30%)和温度(15~67℃)下传感膜能很好地应用于氧气和温度双传感系统,且氧气传感的灵敏系数为9.69×10-4,温度传感系数为-0.0035(误差在±0.0002),该技术为新型便携式多传感器提供了可能.     

新型声表面波电流传感器*

将声表面波技术的快速响应特点与磁致伸缩薄膜的高磁敏特点相结合,可实现一种快速、高灵敏、稳定可靠的新型电流检测技术。传感器由双通道差分式振荡器与沉积在传感通道器件表面的声传播路径上的磁致伸缩薄膜组成。该文基于分层介质中声传播理论及磁致伸缩效应,对声表面波电流传感机理进行了分析,以实现对传感器结构的优化设计。实验研制了采用铁钴(FeCo)薄膜的声表面波电流传感器,测试结果表明,该传感器具有快速响应和高灵敏特点。为抑制磁致伸缩薄膜自身的剩磁效应所带来的高磁滞误差,采用的有效途径是将沉积的磁致伸缩薄膜进行图形化设计。实验结果表明,采用栅阵化FeCo薄膜结构的传感器表现出更高检测灵敏度、更好线性及更低的磁滞误差。