次级声源优化布放的局部空间有源降噪

针对区域有源降噪问题,为获得更优降噪效果,根据实际次级通路传递函数,提出次级声源优化布放的有源控制系统并详细比较了两种次级声源优化布放算法与次级声源均匀布放的实际降噪效果。应用的第一种次级声源优化算法是l2范数约束的约束匹配追踪算法,第二种次级声源优化算法是l1范数约束的稀疏正则化方法。在全消声室中利用扬声器线阵进行多通道有源降噪实验研究,实验结果表明,在200~1000 Hz,次级声源优化布放的控制系统的平均降噪量比次级声源均匀布放的控制系统的平均降噪量多5 dB左右;在1100~1900 Hz,次级声源优化布放的控制系统的平均降噪量比次级声源均匀布放的控制系统的平均降噪量多11~13 dB左右,次级声源优化布放的控制系统的降噪量分布更加均匀且次级声源输出能量更小。此外,两种优化算法中,稀疏正则化方法的降噪效果更佳。     

关于单极子次级声源管道有源降噪能量机制的理论分析

本文通过对单极子次级声源管道有源降噪中声场能量的再分布与初、次级声源的工作情况的定量分析与讨论,说明了有源降噪的三种能量机制中的多极子能量存贮机制,总是同能量转移或吸收机制中的一种同时存在的,哪一种机制起主导作用取决于初、次级声源之间的距离.     

空间有源消声的声能量流研究

本文从理论和实验两个方面对平面噪声场中单极子次级源、偶极子次级源最小辐射声功率时的空间产能量流作了研究，从而直观、清晰地描述了一种消声机理：有源声吸收。并指出：尽管此时次级声源是“能量吸收”结构，但依然存在空间能量转移现象，而且并非各种类型的次级源在各个方向都吸收声能量，次级源各个方向吸收的能量大小也是不同的。实验结果与理论分析相吻合。     

有源声屏障中误差传感器的位置优化

有源声屏障利用有源控制系统提高声屏障低频段的降噪效果。有源控制系统中误差传感器的位置对整个系统的降噪效果有较大的影响。通过数值模拟和实验研究误差传感器的位置优化问题,得出了有源控制系统中误差传感器摆放位置的两条结论:(1)所介绍的三种摆放中,误差传感器的位置在次级声源的正上方时,有源控制系统在屏障后方声影区引入的新增插入损失最好,特别是对于距离屏障较远的区域;(2)当误差传感器的位置在次级声源的正上方时,误差传感器与次级声源间的距离存在一个最优距离使得屏障后方声影区的衍射声得到最好的降低。     

有源消声器消声机理的研究

本文从理论和实验两个方面对有源消声器的消声机理作了研究。理论和实验结果证明了当次级源为单指向声源时,初级源的声能量全部被次级声源所吸收,而没有能量被反射回上游方向。文中还对能量吸收的过程进行了探讨。     

几种管道有源降噪器控制系统频率响应函数的确定

管道有源降噪器的控制系统根据传声器检测到的噪声信号,经过加工处理,产生激励次级声源的信号,使其产生的声波在下游与原来的噪声相抵消。控制系统应具备的频率响应函数取决于次级声源及检测传声器的配置,及其本身的频率响应。本文推导了在常用的几种不同次级声源和检测传声器配置下,所需的控制系统的频率响应函数;并介绍了一种测量传声器及扬声器在管道中的频率响应的方法。它们为控制系统的设计提供了依据。     

用于开口声辐射控制的虚拟声屏障实现 方法及机理研究*

建筑物通常留有开口以便人员物料的进出及室内的自然通风采光,但这些开口也是噪声传播的途径。传统被动噪声控制方法需要将开口封闭,且对低频噪声的控制效果不好,故引入有源噪声控制技术降低室内声源通过开口的声辐射。基于惠更斯原理,均布开口的次级源和误差传声器构成的平面型虚拟声屏障可以实现对开口声辐射的有效控制,数值仿真和实验已证明其有效性。将次级源安装在开口边界更有利于保留开口的功能且方便实际安装,但这样的单层边界虚拟声屏障降噪效果存在上限,仅能在低频段实现全局控制。和单层边界次级源相比,双层边界次级源可显著提高降噪量和有效降噪频率上限。该文回顾了开口声辐射有源控制的相关工作,并讨论了未来可能的研究方向。     

基于平面声源实施结构声辐射有源控制的理论研究

研究了利用分布式平面声源对结构声辐射进行有源控制的问题。首先建立了系统的数学模型,然后推导了有源控制条件下次级声源的强度和声功率降低的计算公式。在实际应用中,次级声源参数(面积大小、安放位置、个数等)对控制效果有重要影响,本文基于有源控制的物理机理和数值仿真研究这些问题。结果表明:一般情况下,次级声源板的振动模态分布与初级结构振动模态分布不相同,因此,在低频范围内,需要至少4个分布式次级声源,方能有效地控制初级结构声辐射。     

空间声场有源声吸收中的多极源结构

本文从声波基本方程导出了空间声场的有源声吸收能量公式,讨论了单极子,偶极子,三极子等多极次级源对初级声场的有源声吸收及相应的实现条件。在此基础上提出偶极次级源是较简单的次级源结构。在消声室的实验结果表明它具有较好的声吸收性能,为其应用作了初步的可行性研究。     

多声源的自由场有源声吸收

本文利用声源辐射阻抗讨论了三维空间有源声吸收问题．推导出适用于任意初级声场条件下的多次级源最优复强度的一般表达式，并通过分析声源辐射阻抗的变化规律阐明了声吸收的机理．在此基础上，以两个点源在平面波声场中的声吸收为例，详细讨论了次级源吸收功率与两源位置的变化关系，并给出消声区域分布规律．最后在半消声室中获得了良好的实验效果，验证了所得结论．     

A compound secondary source for active noise radiation control

Based on the analysis of active noise control system with multi-channel monopole secondary sources, a kind of compound secondary source is proposed in this paper. The proposed compound secondary source consists of two closely located monopole sources with their distance much smaller than a wavelength. The characteristics of the compound source are analyzed, and the performances of the active noise control system with the compound secondary sources on the monopole primary sound field and sound radiated by a plate are investigated both numerically and experimentally. It has been found that the proposed compound secondary sources control system can provide higher noise reduction for free field noise radiation control with the same number of control channels. It is shown that the better performance in noise reduction of the compound secondary sources control system is mainly due to the directivity of the secondary sources where the energy radiation pattern of the compound sources is similar to that of the primary sources.     

Active noise control in ducts: some physical insights

The mechanisms of active noise control in a duct are examined. Acoustical measurements are used to determine directly the acoustic power flow associated with both primary and secondary sources as a function of secondary to primary source strength ratio and volume velocity relative phase angles. A complete analytical model is also developed which allows calculation of individual source power flows and total downstream power flow as a function of source strengths and relative phase angles for finite size sources. It is evaluated for monopole and dual secondary source arrangements, but can be extended easily to any number of secondary sources. The model considers a finite size primary source in the plane of the duct cross section and evaluates the effect that the secondary sources have on the primary source power output. Measurements of individual source output powers and total downstream acoustic powers agree well with theoretical predictions. It is demonstrated that, for the monopole system, sound attenuation is achieved primarily by suppression of the primary source acoustic power output, with a little remaining power being absorbed by the secondary source. For the dual secondary source system, it is shown that the power is primarily absorbed by the secondary sources, but that, at phase and amplitude values slightly different to optimum, noise reduction is achieved by a combination of energy absorption and primary source power suppression. The analysis also demonstrates the dependence of the achievable noise reduction on secondary source size and location with respect to the primary source.     

Multi-scattering in active noise control

This paper follows up on an earlier paper of the author [1] dealing with the issue of multi-scattering in a typical active noise control system. This work concerns the effects of the presence of a neighboring wall on the performance of an active noise cancellation system when the dimension of sources is added to the analysis. Effect of the adjacent wall is taken into account using the image method, and multi-scattering is also allowed for by the spherical harmonic addition theorem. The recognized method of separation of variables and appropriate wave field expansions in spherical coordination are used to derive the required analytical solutions. A primary spherical source radiates at different modes, and a secondary source is modeled as a radially vibrating cap which resembles a real sound speaker. Our particular interest in this work is to investigate effects of multi-scattering at intermediate working frequencies of ANC, e.g., about 100–500 Hz. In addition to emphasizing the importance of multi-scattering, this work endeavors to find the appropriate cap angle of the control source to achieve acceptable noise attenuation for different vibrating modes of the primary source (monopole, dipole). Numerical results reveal that the presence of a rigid wall will considerably change the adequate velocity of the secondary source and also show that using a baffled spherical piston instead of a monopole control source will obviously improve the sound minimization efficiency when the primary source vibrates in the n = 1 mode in a low frequency range. Published in Russian in Akusticheskiĭ Zhurnal, 2008, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 5–17. The text was submitted by the author in English.     

次级源近场和管壁弹性对充液管路有源消声性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

建立了含次级源结构的充液直管有源消声系统数值模型,重点分析了声激励下次级源近场和管壁弹性对有源消声性能的影响。结果表明:次级源近场为非均匀声场,误差点位于该区域时部分频点控制效果较差甚至放大,而处于声场均匀区域时可使降噪量提高10 dB以上,增加误差点数量可使绝大多数频点的降噪量提高5 dB以上;管壁弹性使次级源与管壁间的耦合较强,非对称分布的次级源容易激起管壁振动,导致降噪谷值的出现,采用对称分布的次级源可显著提升控制效果;增加次级源数量能够提高系统的有源无源复合控制效果,但使得管内声场变得复杂,多次级源模型的有源消声效果随频率升高而有所降低。     

Causality study on a feedforward active noise control headset with different noise coming directions in free field

A systematic analysis is proposed to predict the performance of a typical feedforward single channel ANC headset in terms of the delay, especially the non-causal delay caused by different noise coming directions. First, the performance of a non-causal feedforward system for a band-limited noise is analyzed by using a simplified pure delay model, where it is found that the noise reduction bandwidth is narrowed and the maximum noise reduction is decreased with the increase of the non-causal delay. Second, a systematic method is developed, which can be used to predict the system performance with measured primary and secondary path transfer functions in most practical sound fields and to study the effects of the control filter length and the path delay on the performance. Then, the causality of a typical feedforward active noise control headset with the primary source at 0° and 90° positions in an anechoic chamber is analyzed, and the performance for the two locations predicted by the systematic analysis is shown in good agreements with the experiment results. Finally, an experiment of a typical feedforward active noise control headset in a reverberation chamber is carried out, which shows the validity of the proposed systematic analysis for other more practical sound fields.     

Investigation of spherical loudspeaker arrays for local active control of sound

Active control of sound can be employed globally to reduce noise levels in an entire enclosure, or locally around a listener's head. Recently, spherical loudspeaker arrays have been studied as multiple-channel sources for local active control of sound, presenting the fundamental theory and several active control configurations. In this paper, important aspects of using a spherical loudspeaker array for local active control of sound are further investigated. First, the feasibility of creating sphere-shaped quiet zones away from the source is studied both theoretically and numerically, showing that these quiet zones are associated with sound amplification and poor system robustness. To mitigate the latter, the design of shell-shaped quiet zones around the source is investigated. A combination of two spherical sources is then studied with the aim of enlarging the quiet zone. The two sources are employed to generate quiet zones that surround a rigid sphere, investigating the application of active control around a listener's head. A significant improvement in performance is demonstrated in this case over a conventional headrest-type system that uses two monopole secondary sources. Finally, several simulations are presented to support the theoretical work and to demonstrate the performance and limitations of the system.     

Interior noise control with an active window system

An active window system to reduce the exterior noise sources, such as traffic noise and construction noise which enter rooms through open windows used for natural ventilation is proposed. The proposed system uses a feedforward control method for active noise control so as not to place the sensors and control sources inside the interior space of the building. For global noise reduction throughout the interior room, the control gains for feedforward control are calculated to minimize the total acoustic power of the new source, which is combined with the noise source corresponding to the open window and control sources on the window frame. The performance of the proposed system for directional exterior noise is confirmed with a scale-model experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed system can achieve a noise reduction of up to 10 dB for the entire room of the scale model regardless of the direction of the incident wave.     

Sound cancellation by the use of secondary multipoles: experiments

Theory related to global, free-field cancellation of a primary monopole field by the use of a displaced, secondary multipole was presented previously: a corresponding experimental investigation is presented here. The construction of multipole source components to octopole order is described, as are procedures for determining their source strengths. Dipoles, longitudinal quadrupoles, and longitudinal octopoles that conformed closely to their theoretical models were constructed using arrays of unbaffled loudspeakers. Two methods of calculating the multipole strengths required to cancel a primary monopole field were implemented in an open-loop manner: a "direct" approach based on a multipole expansion of the primary field, and a least-squares procedure based on fitting the secondary field to the primary field either along a circle enclosing a secondary source, or along a segment of that circle. Cancellation measurements were made on a 1-m-radius circle centered on the secondary source: the primary-to-secondary source separation was approximately 0.2 wavelengths. It was found both that a secondary multipole could provide far greater cancellation than a monopole placed at the same distance from the primary source and that the least-squares approach resulted in greater far-field cancellation than did the direct approach.