消除移相干涉测量中线性移相误差的五帧算法

在移相干涉测量中存在着移相器的移相误差,这对测量结果的精度有很大的影响。提出了消除移相器线性误差的五帧算法,使用该算法对五帧干涉图像进行处理。使用MATLAB软件针对移相干涉测量过程进行了模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法在相位提取过程中可以消除移相器的线性误差因子,并对于常见的高斯噪声影响不敏感,从而提高了表面形貌测量精度。     

动态干涉仪干涉图位置配准及移相误差校正

为抑制动态干涉仪系统中存在的干涉图空间位置匹配误差以及移相误差,采用相位相关算法和载频交叠重构干涉术,前者以光斑边缘为匹配特征,通过配准测试光斑,实现对4幅移相干涉图在空间位置上的像素级配准;后者按列交叠重构4幅载频移相干涉图,实现相位谱与误差谱在傅里叶频谱中相分离,滤取相位谱即可抑制移相误差对测量结果的影响。实验结果显示,两种方法均可以有效抑制干涉图的位置配准误差以及移相量误差,其结果与干涉仪结果相吻合,均方根值和峰谷值分别相差0.0057λ和0.0235λ。相位相关算法不受光强畸变等因素的影响,而载频交叠重构干涉术可以同时抑制由移相器件造成的两倍频相位误差和由光强畸变引入的一倍频相位误差。     

移相干涉测量术及其应用

为了对移相式数字干涉仪在光学元件测量中的应用有全面了解，介绍了移相干涉术的基本原理。结合激光数字波面干涉仪，阐述移相干涉术的四步重叠平均算法、压电晶体移相器(PZT)的结构、3 PZT的组合方法、移相器的标定误差和非线性误差的校正方法、波面相位解包的自适应种子算法、波面相位的评价指标等内容。结合移相数字波面干涉仪，叙述了移相干涉测量技术在普通光学元件、红外光学元件、大口径光学元件、非球面光学元件等测量中的应用并指出了应用过程中的注意事项。最后明确指出光干涉技术正沿着高相位分辨率、高空间分辨率、宽波段和瞬态高速测量的方向发展，并将会在瞬态波前测量、微机械的微结构动态分析等方面有着越来越广泛的应用。     

基于倾斜相位的抗振动干涉面形测量

环境振动会在干涉测量过程中产生随机倾斜、移相误差,导致测量精度下降。为了降低环境振动对移相干涉测量的影响,提出了一种基于倾斜相位的抗振动干涉面形测量方法。首先,利用Fourier变换将干涉图变换到频域;然后,利用频域细分操作对峰值坐标进行亚像素精度定位,求解出振动倾斜平面;最后,利用最小二乘法计算出待测面的相位分布。实验结果表明,本方法与同步移相法的复原结果具有高度一致性,波面峰谷值和均方根值的偏差较小;且本方法无需对硬件进行改动,可为振动环境下的移相干涉测量提供一种低成本、高精度的解决方案。     

一种一步π移相相位快速提取算法

提出可实现动态测量的一步π移相相位提取算法。该算法是将具有π移相的两幅干涉图进行重新排列组合,构造出一幅含有时域-空域信息的时空条纹图,通过提取时空条纹图中的信号谱来快速求解相位。在时空条纹图的频谱中,时间频率的引入使得信号频谱能够与背景干扰频谱有效分离,因此在不需要高载频的情况下依然能够对信号谱进行有效提取。将其应用在移相干涉测量中,与传统移相法进行对比发现,此算法不仅能够有效地消除移相误差,而且能够有效地消除高频噪声。另外,分析了此法在不同频率以及不同移相误差值下对测量精度的影响,在归一化空间频率大于0.03、移相误差值在±30°范围内,其面形恢复偏差均方根值能够控制在1.358×10-3λ以内。     

干涉仪移相器相位移π/2标定方法的研究

干涉仪移相器的相位标定在很大程度上决定了移相干涉仪的测量精度。本文是用傅里叶变换的原理,测量出推动移相器移动的压电陶瓷堆(PZT)的微位移量,并在此基础上提出了一种用空域滤波法得到干涉因光强分布,并判断其移相误差从而校正移相器步进π/2的方法。本文组建了一套数字平面干涉仪,对干涉仪移相器进行实验,在5步法情况下其移相误差在0.5%以下。     

长干涉腔波长移相计算的自适应相位筛选法

波长移相干涉仪可用于大口径光学元件的测试。其移相量需经过标定方可采用定步长移相算法计算相位分布。在长腔长测试条件下,由于激光器的波长调谐驱动源的精度有限,采用定步长移相算法求解相位分布的精度不高。在分析干涉腔长和波面计算误差的基础上,提出了一种自适应相位筛选计算方法。根据电压-相位标定曲线采集多组周期干涉图,对干涉图中的光强值进行均匀分布抽样后,对其进行随机移相计算,求取每帧干涉图精确的步进移相量,从中筛选出移相量为π/2的四帧干涉图,利用四步移相计算公式求得精确的相位分布。实验结果表明,在波长移相干涉仪中运用该方法,可以很好地解决长腔长测试条件下的相位计算问题,与未进行筛选的计算结果比较,其测试精度得到了显著提高。     

移相干涉技术中移相器的自校正方法

移相干涉技术（ＰＳＩ）是８０年代兴起的一门干涉图形自动识别技术，移相器作为移相干涉技术的关键部件其移相误差将直接影响到移相干涉技术的干涉图的识别精度。本文提出了一种移相器的自校正方法，即利用移相干涉仪的自身系统，通过快速傅里叶方法，对移相器进行逐步逼近校正。结合移相式红外干涉仪的研制，给出了一组移相器的自动校正的实验，实验表明，校正后的移相器的非线性误差可由原来的５％降低到０．２％。     

迭代最小二乘法用于非线性移相器的标定

针对移相干涉仪中移相器的非线性会影响测量结果准确性的问题,提出了一种基于迭代最小二乘拟合的标定干涉仪移相器的新方法。对移相器加电压并采集若干幅干涉图后,通过在帧间和帧内迭代开展最小二乘拟合可计算出干涉图间移相值,从而得出了电压值与移相值的对应关系曲线,通过对曲线作非线性拟合并对电压值进行精密调整,完成移相器的精确标定。在改造后的干涉仪上对此标定方法进行验证,与Zygo干涉仪相比,相同元件下两者测量结果之差的RMS值为1.726 nm。该标定方法可以降低高精度面形测量干涉仪对移相器线性度的要求。     

时频域双重分析法抗干扰移相干涉术

针对移相干涉术易受振动、气流等扰动影响的问题,提出一种时频域双重分析法的抗干扰移相干涉测量方法.采集一系列连续移相的干涉图,通过对干涉图上各点时序光强进行频谱的宽带滤波提取到干涉图采集过程中真实的相位变化,对时序的相位变化信息进行线性统计得到各点初始相位的计算值.在干涉图帧数足够多的情况下,线性统计后随机噪声的影响趋于...     

Phase Retrieval of Phase-Shifting Interferometry with Iterative Least-Squares Fitting Algorithm: Experiments

We report our experimental results of phase-shifting interferometry with an iterative least-squares fitting technique to estimate both the wave front phases and the phase shifts. The method allows phase retrieval from phase-shifting interferograms even though the calibration data of the phase shifter is unknown. The algorithm is used to analyze two sets of experimental interferograms. One records by moving a piezoelectric transducer shifter randomly and therefore has embedded random phase shifter errors, and the other samples the interference movie recorded by a video recorder while driving a stepping motor and therefore has embedded random intensity noises. The results are comparable with that of the conventional M-frame algorithm. Investigation of the effects of the intensity noises and phase shift errors shows the algorithm to perform well in both. Problems such as convergence, unique solution and reliability are also discussed.     

An Improvement of Spatial Carrier Phase-shifting Method

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An Improvement of Spatial Carrier Phase-shifting Method

Spatial-carrier phase-shifting method (SCPM) retrieves the phase distribution from carrier interferograms by assuming that the phases of the processed pixel and its adjacent pixels are uniform,which introduces considerable theoretical error. A new method is presented in this paper to improve the SCPM accuracy: (1) A quadric curve is used to describe the phase distribution of the adjacent pixels; (2) The linear and quadric terms of the phase are considered as phase shifter errors; (3)Suitable phase shifting algorithms insensitive to these errors are selected. Two "5-step" algorithms are used and their properties are analyzed. An example ofphase retrieving by SCPM is given and the result shows that SCPM has high theoretical accuracy. With the potential high accuracy, ability of measuring dynamic phase andcomputational simplicity, SCPM will become a much more useful phase measurement method.     

An effective method in calibrating nonlinear errors for phase-shifting interferometry

In phase measurement or digital holography for phase-shifting interferometry, the key role is the variation of reference light wave and recover algorithm based on interferograms and reference phase, so the calculation result is directly affected by phase-shift accuracy. However, because of the errors of nonlinear and other random factors, it is difficult to control the actual phase-shifting amount accurately. In this paper, we aim to propose an efficient method for phase-shifting interferometry which does not require accurate initial estimation of phase-shift amounts, only a few pixels with several randomly shifted interferograms are sufficient for accurate extraction of phase information. This method has reduced the dependence of reference phase, and can obtain phase-shifting amount directly without using complex revised algorithm for correcting phase-shifting nonlinear errors.     

Analysis of Phase Measurement Errors in Electro-Optic Holography

This paper presents the results of an error analysis in electro-optics holography. These errors include phase measurement errors due to the linear phase shifter errors in static electro-optic holography, and phase measurement errors due to the errors in the vibrating bias amplitude and phase in dynamic electro-optic holography. Through the error analysis, we found that the phase shifting errors in static electro-optic holography are twice as large as those in the conventional 4-bucket phase shifting algorithm, and the phase shifting errors in dynamic electro-optic holography are similar to those in the 4-bucket phase shifting algorithm.     

Generalized phase shifting interferometry based on Lissajous calibration technology

The feasibility and limitation of directly using the Lissajous figure and ellipse fitting technology to correct the phase extraction error in generalized data reduction algorithm (GDRA) for phase extraction of randomly phase-shifted interferograms are analyzed and discussed. By combining Lissajous calibration technology, which represents the transformative process of Lissajous ellipse to circle (ETC), with advanced iterative algorithm (AIA) we propose a novel generalized phase shifting algorithm (GPSA), and here it is abbreviated as ETCI method. The phase distribution and phase shifts that extracted from randomly phase shifted interferograms by use of ETCI are more accurate and the whole process is far faster than AIA. Additionally, proposed method is less sensitive to non-uniform background intensity and modulation amplitude. Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of ETCI, and some influential factors are elaborated. The experimental results further indicate proposed method is suitable for truly random phase shifted interferograms.     

基于一阶泰勒展开式的迭代最小二乘相移新算法

提出了一种新的最小二乘迭代算法 ,能有效消除因相移器存在导向误差面使相移平面倾斜从而导致的相移误差。当相移器存在的相移误差包括位移误差与倾斜误差时 ,同一幅干涉图诸像素点的相移并不同步 ,但其相移量在同一平面上。求解此平面 ,即可消除相移误差。通过求解由一阶泰勒展开式得到的线性方程组 ,避免了为求解此平面而求解非线性方程组最小二乘解的过程 ,使算法简化。利用迭代法 ,保证求解的精度。并通过数值模拟 ,验证了这种算法在消除较大的相移器倾斜及位移误差影响上具有良好的效果。