磁流变体的制备及性能

对以羰基铁粉、硅油和烃类油为悬浮相和悬浮介质,通过适当添加剂和工艺制备的磁流变体材料,制备方法、磁流变性能及影响因素进行了研究,认为是具有良好综合性能的磁流变体材料。制备的磁流变体具有较低的零场粘度（0．4－1．5Pas),较高的剪切应力（τ=50-75kPa)和良好的稳定性及阻尼性能。     

Radiation Vulcanization of Magnetorheological Elastomers Based on Silicone Rubber

介绍了两种制备磁流变弹性体的硫化方法即高温硫化和辐射硫化. 研究中采用动态力学分析仪(DMA)测量了样品的动态力学特性.特别是对样品的磁流变效应和耐久性进行了详细的测试. 实验结果表明,经过辐射硫化的样品具有更大的零场模量和磁致模量,以及更好的磁流变效应和耐久性. 为了解释这些结果,文章对样品的体积形变和增塑剂渗出都作了详细的分析. 在硫化过程中样品的体积保持稳定是辐射硫化样品具有大磁致模量的重要原因,而增塑剂渗透性小也是辐射硫化样品具有高磁流变效应和耐久性的重要因素.     

Kerr介质中V型三能级原子与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场相互作用的纠缠特性

运用量子约化熵研究了Kerr介质中V型三能级原子与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场相互作用系统中场熵的演化特性.分析了Kerr介质、失谐量和光场的初始平均光子数对场熵的影响.结果表明:Kerr介质与光场的耦合系数对场熵的振荡特性有调制作用,增大失谐量,场熵的最大值减小,振荡频率增大,由初始时刻的零值增大到最大值所需的时间也增大;光场的平均光子数太大或太小都不利于原子与光场之间的纠缠.     

轻质磁性材料的制备及在磁流变液中的应用

研究了使用化学镀的方法在轻质载体上包覆具有磁性的镍、钴等物质。该材料具有密度低的优点（有效密度为2-3g/cm^3）。对比于几种羰基镍粉制备的磁流变液的沉降稳定性,使用该轻质磁性材料制备的磁流变液不用加防沉剂,其稳定性类似于加入较多防沉剂的羟基镍粉磁流变液。其在磁场下表观粘度比零磁场下的粘度有几十倍的变化。因此,使用该轻质磁性材料有望解决磁流变液普遍存在的沉降问题,得到综合性能良好的产品。     

光学镜面磁流变确定性修形的实现

磁流变确定性修形具有高精度、高效率、高表面质量以及近零亚表面损伤的特点。介绍了磁流变修形技术的基本原理和方法,并对磁流变修形中涉及的关键技术进行了讨论。在自研的磁流变修形设备上采用水基磁流变抛光液对一块直径80mm的K9玻璃平面进行了磁流变修形实验。经过一次迭代修形(4.39min)使其面形精度峰谷(PV)误差由初始的0.144λ改善到0.06λ(λ=632.8nm),均方根(RMS)误差由初始的0.031λ改善到0.01λ,面形收敛率达到2.81,表面粗糙度RMS值达到0.345nm。实验结果表明,采用磁流变进行光学表面修形,面形收敛快,面形精度高,表面质量好,可广泛应用于高精度光学镜面加工。     

磁流变液构成的类梯度结构振动传递特性

提出了一种磁流变液构成的类梯度结构,并通过理论建模、数值计算和实验研究了该结构的振动传递特性.磁流变液在磁场作用下具有液固转换的特殊理化性质,而液固转换过程就是磁流变液的振动传递阻抗变化过程.因此,基于磁流变液的这一特性,通过控制磁场,构建了类梯度结构.基于弹性波传递的一维波动方程,建立了垂直入射的弹性波在类梯度结构中传递的波动方程.然后,使用连续介质的离散化方法和传递矩阵法进行求解,得到振级落差的表达式,对其进行数值计算,分析类梯度结构的振级落差随弹性波频率和磁场强度的变化趋势.最后,对类梯度结构的振动传递特性进行了实验研究,分析了磁场强度对类梯度结构振动传递特性的影响.研究结果表明,与均匀场作用的磁流变液相比,类梯度结构对弹性波的衰减效果更好,且该结构具备良好的可调控特性.     

Metamaterials电磁特性的数值仿真研究

利用HFSS软件，对电磁波在左手材料中的后向波传输、平板成像特性和近零折射率媒质的定向辐射特性进行了全波仿真研究，分别验证了左手材料与近零折射率媒质的上述特性。利用AnsoftDesigner软件，对去掉并联电感和去掉串联电容的、基于微带线的两种简化的左右手复合传输线构成的具有磁单负和电单负特性介质的电磁特性进行了仿真研究，验证了电磁波在匹配的MNG-ENG介质对结构的隧穿特性。     

碳化硅基底改性硅表面的磁流变抛光

为克服传统抛光方法在硅改性的碳化硅表面抛光存在的不足,采用磁流变抛光在精抛光阶段实现面形误差高效去除和快速收敛。基于实际应用中的对磁流变抛光液的需求,提出了磁流变液的性能要求,并配制了适合改性硅表面抛光的磁流变抛光液,检测所配制的抛光液体的流变特性和分散稳定性,证明了液体具有良好的性能。对口径为130 mm(有效口径为120 mm)的硅改性的同轴非球面碳化硅工件进行实际抛光。经过两个周期约3 h的抛光,面形误差均方根(RMS)从0.051λ(λ=632.8 nm)快速收敛至0.012λ,粗糙度Ra达0.618 nm。验证了所配制的磁流变抛光液满足碳化硅基底改性硅表面的抛光需求,证明了磁流变抛光技术在镜面硅改性后精抛光阶段具有独特的优势。     

碳化硅基底改性硅表面的磁流变抛光EI北大核心CSCD

为克服传统抛光方法在硅改性的碳化硅表面抛光存在的不足,采用磁流变抛光在精抛光阶段实现面形误差高效去除和快速收敛。基于实际应用中的对磁流变抛光液的需求,提出了磁流变液的性能要求,并配制了适合改性硅表面抛光的磁流变抛光液,检测所配制的抛光液体的流变特性和分散稳定性,证明了液体具有良好的性能。对口径为130 mm(有效口径为120 mm)的硅改性的同轴非球面碳化硅工件进行实际抛光。经过两个周期约3 h的抛光,面形误差均方根(RMS)从0.051λ(λ=632.8 nm)快速收敛至0.012λ,粗糙度Ra达0.618 nm。验证了所配制的磁流变抛光液满足碳化硅基底改性硅表面的抛光需求,证明了磁流变抛光技术在镜面硅改性后精抛光阶段具有独特的优势。     

永磁流变抛光纳米精度非球面技术研究

利用永磁流变抛光技术制造高精度光学元件是一项极具前景的超精密制造技术。对一台五轴联动磁流变数控抛光系统的结构特点、功能特色及关键部件的设计进行了阐述。在此基础上,结合装置开展基础试验,对磁流变抛光过程中的主要控制参量如抛光轮下压量、抛光轮速度等对材料去除特性的影响进行了研究。开展了磁流变抛光对提高工件(K9玻璃)表面粗糙度效果的抛光试验,结果证明该套系统具有良好的磁流变抛光特性,抛光23min后工件表面粗糙度降低到0 6739nm。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.