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1.
The spinel structure of lithium titanate Li4Ti5O12 is refined by the Rietveld full-profile analysis with the use of x-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. The distribution and coordinates of atoms are determined. The Li4Ti5O12 compound is studied at high temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity is measured in the high-temperature range. It is shown that the Li4Ti5O12 compound with a spinel structure undergoes two successive order-disorder phase transitions due to different distributions of lithium atoms and cation vacancies (□, V) in a defect structure of the NaCl type: (Li)8a[Li0.33Ti1.67]16dO4 → [Li□]16c[Li1.33Ti1.67]16dO4 → [Li1.330.67]16c[Ti1.670.33]16dO4. The low-temperature diffusion of lithium predominantly occurs either through the mechanism ... → Li(8a) → V(16c) → V(8a) → ... in the spinel phase or through the mechanism ... → Li(16c) → V(8a) → V(16c) → ... in an intermediate phase. In the high-temperature phase, the lithium cations also migrate over 48f vacancies: ... Li(16c) → V(8a, 48f) → V(16c) → ....  相似文献   

2.
The anionic conductivity of HoF3 single crystals with a β-YF3 structure (orthorhombic crystal system, space group Pnma) is investigated over a wide range of temperatures (323–1073 K). The unit cell parameters of HoF3 crystals are as follows: a=0.6384±0.0009 nm, b=0.6844±0.0009 nm, and c=0.4356±0.0005 nm. It is revealed that the conductivity anisotropy of the HoF3 crystals is insignificant over the entire temperature range covered. The crossover from one mechanism of ion transfer to another mechanism is observed near the critical temperature Tc≈620 K. The activation enthalpy of electrical conduction is found to be ΔH1=0.744 eV at T<Tc and ΔH2=0.43 eV at T>Tc. The fluorine vacancies are the most probable charge carriers in HoF3 crystals. The fluorine ionic conductivities at temperatures of 323, 500, and 1073 K are equal to 5×10?10, 5×10?6, and 2×10?3 S cm?1, respectively.  相似文献   

3.
The relaxation electronic phenomena occurring in TlGa0.99Fe0.01Se2 single crystals in an external dc electric field are investigated. It is established that these phenomena are caused by electric charges accumulated in the single crystals. The charge relaxation at different electric field strengths and temperatures, the hysteresis of the current-voltage characteristic, and the electric charge accumulated in the TlGa0.99Fe0.01Se2 single crystals are consistent with the relay-race mechanism of transfer of a charge generated at deep-lying energy levels in the band gap due to the injection of charge carriers from the electric contact into the crystal. The parameters characterizing the electronic phenomena observed in the TlGa0.99Fe0.01Se2 single crystals are determined to be as follows: the effective mobility of charge carriers transferred by deep-lying centers μf=5.6×10?2 cm2/(V s) at 300 K and the activation energy of charge transfer ΔE=0.54 eV, the contact capacitance of the sample C c =5×10?8 F, the localization length of charge carriers in the crystal d c =1.17×10?6 cm, the electric charge time constant of the contact τ=15 s, the time a charge carrier takes to travel through the sample t t =1.8×10?3 s, and the activation energy of traps responsible for charge relaxation ΔE σ = ΔE Q = 0.58 eV.  相似文献   

4.
O. P. Yushchenko  V. F. Kurshetsov  A. P. Filin  S. A. Akimenko  A. V. Artamonov  A. M. Blik  V. V. Brekhovskikh  V. S. Burtovoy  S. V. Donskov  A. V. Inyakin  A. M. Gorin  G. V. Khaustov  S. A. Kholodenko  V. N. Kolosov  A. S. Konstantinov  V. M. Leontiev  V. A. Lishin  M. V. Medynsky  Yu. V. Mikhailov  V. F. Obraztsov  V. A. Polyakov  A. V. Popov  V. I. Romanovsky  V. I. Rykalin  A. S. Sadovsky  V. D. Samoilenko  V. K. Semenov  O. V. Stenyakin  O. G. Tchikilev  V. A. Uvarov  V. A. Duk  S. N. Filippov  E. N. Guschin  Yu. G. Kudenko  A. A. Khudyakov  V. I. Kravtsov  A. Yu. Polyarush  V. N. Bychkov  G. D. Kekelidze  V. M. Lysan  B. Zh. Zalikhanov 《JETP Letters》2018,107(3):139-142
Recent results from OKA setup concerning form factor studies in Ke3 decay are presented. About 5.25 M events obtained for decays of 17.7 GeV/cK+ are selected for the analysis. The linear and quadratic slopes for the decay form factor f+(t) are measured: λ'+ = 2.95 ± 0.022 ± 0.018 × 10 -2 for the linear slope fit and λ+ = 2.611 ± 0.035 ± 0.028 × 10 -2, λ"+ = 1.91 ± 0.19 ± 0.14 × 10 -3 for the quadratic one. The scalar and tensor contributions are compatible with zero. Several alternative parametrizations are tried: the Pole fit parameter is found to be M V = 891 ± 3 MeV; the parameter of the dispersive parametrization is measured to be Λ+ = 2.458 ± 0.018 × 10-2.  相似文献   

5.
This paper reports on the results of measurements of the internal friction Q?1 and the shear modulus G of Li2B4O7 single crystals along the crystallographic directions [100] and [001] in the temperature range 300–550 K for strain amplitudes of (2–10)×10?5 at infralow frequencies. The anomalies observed in Q?1 and G in the temperature range 390–410 K are due to thermal activation of the mobility of lithium cations and their migration from one energetically equivalent position to another. A jump in the internal friction background is revealed in the vicinity of the Q?1 and G anomalies for the Li2B4O7 crystal. The magnitude of this jump depends on the crystallographic direction.  相似文献   

6.
Temperature dependences of specific heat Cp(T) and coefficient of thermal expansion ;(T) for Na0.95Li0.05NbO3 sodium-lithium niobate ceramic samples are investigated in the temperature range of 100–800 K. The Cp(T) and α(T) anomalies at T3 = 310 ± 3 K, T2 = 630 ± 8 K, and T1 = 710 ± 10 K are observed, which correspond to the sequence of phase transitions N ? Q ? S(R) ? T2(S). The effect of heat treatment of the samples on the sequence of structural distortions was established. It is demonstrated that annealing of the samples at 603 K leads to splitting of the anomaly corresponding to the phase transition QR/S in two anomalies. After sample heating to 800 K, the only anomaly is observed in both the Cp(T) and ;(T) dependence. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
Samples of the composition TlNiS2 in the hexagonal system with the unit cell parameters a=12.28 Å, c=19.32 Å, and ρ=6.90 g/cm3 are synthesized. The results of the investigation into the electrical and thermoelectrical properties of TlNiS2 samples in the temperature range 80–300 K indicate that TlNiS2 is a p-type semiconductor. It is found that, at temperatures ranging from 110 to 240 K, TlNiS2 samples in a dc electric field possess variable-range-hopping conduction at the states localized in the vicinity of the Fermi level. The density of localized states near the Fermi level is determined to be NF=9×1020 eV?1 cm?3, and the scatter of the states is estimated as J≈2×10?2 eV. In the temperature range 80–110 K, TlNiS2 exhibits activationless hopping conduction. At low temperatures (80–240 K), the thermopower of TlNiS2 is adequately described by the relationship α(T)=A+BT, which is characteristic of the hopping mechanism of charge transfer. In the case when the temperature increases to the temperature of the onset of intrinsic conduction with the activation energy ΔE=1.0 eV, there arise majority intrinsic charge carriers of both signs. This leads to an increase in the electrical conductivity σ and, at the same time, to a drastic decrease in the thermopower α; in this case, the thermopower is virtually independent of the temperature.  相似文献   

8.
Layered single crystals of the TlGa0.5Fe0.5Se2 alloy in a dc electric field at temperatures ranging from 128 to 178 K are found to possess variable-range-hopping conduction along natural crystal layers through states localized in the vicinity of the Fermi level. The parameters characterizing the electrical conduction in the TlGa0.5Fe0.5Se2 crystals are estimated as follows: the density of states near the Fermi level NF = 2.8 × 1017 eV?1 cm?3, the spread in energy of these states ΔE = 0.13 eV, the average hopping length Rav = 233 Å, and the concentration of deep-lying traps N t = 3.6 × 1016 cm?3.  相似文献   

9.
The signature splittings in Kπ = 1 +: 7 /2[404] π?9 /2[624] ν, Kπ = 0?: 9 /2[514] π?9 /2[624] ν bands of 180Ta and Kπ = 0?: 7 /2[404] π?7 /2[503] ν, Kπ = 1?: 5 /2[402] π?3 /2[512] ν, Kπ = 1+: 7 /2[404] π?9 /2[624] ν bands of 182Ta are analysed within the framework of two-quasiparticle rotor model. The phase as well as magnitude of the experimentally observed signature splitting in Kπ = 1+ band of 180Ta, which could not be explained in earlier calculations, is successfully reproduced. The conflict regarding placement of a 12 + level in Kπ = 1 +: 7 /2 +[404] π?9 /2 +[624] ν ground-state rotational band of 180Ta is resolved and tentative nature of Kπ = 0?: 7 /2[404] π?7 /2[503] ν, Kπ = 1+: 7 /2[404] π?9 /2[624] ν bands observed in 182Ta is confirmed. As a future prediction for experimentalists, these two-quasiparticle structures observed in 180Ta and 182Ta are extended to higher spins.  相似文献   

10.
The sample of Mg0. 5+y (Zr1-y Fey) 2 (PO4) 3 (0.0 ≤y ≤0.5) was synthesized using the sol-gel method. The structures of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement. XRD studies showed that samples had a monoclinic structure which was iso-structured with the parent compound, Mg0.5Zr (PO4) 3. The complex impedance spectroscopy was carried out in the frequency range 1–6 MHz and temperature range 303 to 773 K to study the electrical properties of the electrolytes. The substitutions of Fe3+ with Zr4+ in the Mg0.5Zr (PO4) 3 structure was introduced as an extrainterstitial Mg2+ ion in the modified structured. The compound of Mg0.5+y (Zr1-y Fey)2(PO4)3 with y?=?0.4 gives a maximum conductivity value of 1.25?×?10?5 S cm?1 at room temperature and 7.18?×?10?5 S cm?1 at 773 K. Charge carrier concentration, mobile ion concentration, and ion hopping rate are calculated by fitting the conductance spectra to power law variation, σ ac (ω)?=?σ o ? +?Aω α . The charge carrier concentration and mobile ion concentration increases with increase of Fe3+ inclusion. This implies the increase in conductivity of the compounds was due to extra interstitial Mg2+ ions.  相似文献   

11.
In order to establish the mechanism and to determine the parameters of lithium transport in electrodes based on lithium-vanadium phosphate (Li3V2(PO4)3), the kinetic model was designed and experimentally tested for joint analysis of electrochemical impedance (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), pulse chronoamperometry (PITT), and chronopotentiometry (GITT) data. It comprises the stages of sequential lithium-ion transfer in the surface layer and the bulk of electrode material’s particles, including accumulation of lithium in the bulk. Transfer processes at both sites are of diffusion nature and differ significantly, both by temporal (characteristic time, τ) and kinetic (diffusion coefficient, D) constants. PITT data analysis provided the following D values for the predominantly lithiated and delithiated forms of the intercalation material: 10?9 and 3 × 10?10 cm2 s?1, respectively, for transfer in the bulk and 10?12 cm2 s?1 for transfer in the thin surface layer of material’s particles. D values extracted from GITT data are in consistency with those obtained from PITT: 3.5–5.8 × 10?10 and 0.9–5 × 10?10 cm2 s?1 (for the current and currentless mode, respectively). The D values obtained from EIS data were 5.5 × 10?10 cm2 s?1 for lithiated (at a potential of 3.5 V) and 2.3 × 10?9 cm2 s?1 for delithiated (at a potential 4.1 V) forms. CV evaluation gave close results: 3 × 10?11 cm2 s?1 for anodic and 3.4 × 10?11 cm2 s?1 for cathodic processes, respectively. The use of complex experimental measurement procedure for combined application of the EIS, PITT, and GITT methods allowed to obtain thermodynamic E,c dependence of Li3V2(PO4)3 electrode, which is not affected by polarization and heterogeneity of lithium concentration in the intercalate.  相似文献   

12.
The polarized spectra of absorption and magnetic circular dichroism in a TmAl3(BO3)4 single crystal are studied in the region of 3 H 63 F 4, 3 H 63 F 3, and 3 H 63 F 2 electronic transitions in the Tm3+ ion. The structure of the spectra is interpreted qualitatively. It is shown that the magnetic circular dichroism of the 3 H 63 F 4 transition is determined by the contribution from the splitting of the ground state, whereas the magnetic circular dichroism of the 3 H 63 F 3 transition is governed by the contribution from the splitting of an excited state in a trigonal crystal field.  相似文献   

13.
Double beta decay (β + EC, EC/EC) of 58Ni is investigated at France’s Modane Underground Laboratory (4800 m water equivalent) using the OBELIX ultralow-background HPGe detector with a sensitive volume of 600 cm3 and a natural nickel sample of ~68% 58Ni with a mass of ~21.7 kg. After preliminary analysis of the experimental data accumulated over ~144 days, new experimental limits are obtained for the 2νβ+EC decay of 58Ni to the 0+ ground state and the 2 1 + , 811 keV excited state of 58Fe, and for the 2νEC/EC decay of 58Ni to the 2 1 + , 811 keV and 2 2 + , 1675 keV excited states of 58Fe. The limits are T1/2+EC,0→0+) > 1.7 × 1022 yr, T1/2+EC,0→2 1 + ) > 2.3 × 1022 yr, T1/2(EC/EC,0→2 1 + ) > 3.3 × 1022 yr, and T1/2(EC/EC,0→2 2 + ) > 3.4 × 1022 yr. Experimental limit T1/2(0νEC/EC–res, 1918 keV > 4.1 × 1022 yr is obtained for resonant neutrinoless radiative EC/EC decay with an energy of 1918.3 keV. All limits are at 90% CL.  相似文献   

14.
The temperature-dependent field cooling (FC) and zero-field cooling (ZFC) magnetizations, i.e., M FC and M ZFC, measured under different magnetic fields from 500 Oe to 20 kOe have been investigated on two exchange–spring CoFe2O4/CoFe2 composites with different relative content of CoFe2. Two samples exhibit different magnetization reversal behaviors. With decreasing temperature, a progressive freezing of the moments in two composites occurs at a field-dependent irreversible temperature T irr. For the sample with less CoFe2, the curves of ?d(M FC ? M ZFC)/dT versus temperature T exhibit a broad peak at an intermediate temperature T 2 below T irr , and the moments are suggested not to fully freeze till the lowest measuring temperature 10 K. However, for the ?d(M FC ? M ZFC)/dT curves of the sample with more CoFe2, besides a broad peat at an intermediate temperature T 2, a rapid rise around the low temperature T 1~15 K is observed, below which the moments are suggested to fully freeze. Increase of magnetic field from 2 kOe leads to the shift of T 2 and T irr towards a lower temperature, and the shift of T 2 is attributable to the moment reversal of CoFe2O4.
Graphical abstract CoFe2O4/CoFe2 composites with different relative content of CoFe2 were prepared by reducing CoFe2O4 in H2 for 4 h (S4H) and 8 h (S8H). The temperature-dependent FC and ZFC magnetizations, i.e., M FC and M ZFC, under different magnetic fields from 500 Oe to 20 kOe have been investigated. Two samples exhibit different magnetization reversal behaviors. With decreasing temperature, a progressive freezing of the moments in two composites occurs at field-dependent irreversible temperature T irr. For the S4H sample, the curves of ?d(M FC ? M ZFC)/dT versus temperature T exhibit a broad and field-dependent relaxing peak at T 2 below T irr (figure a), and the moments were suggested not to fully freeze till the lowest measuring temperature 10 K. However, for the S8H sample, it exhibits the reentrant spin-glass state around 50 K, as evidenced by a peak in the M FC curve (inset in figure b) and as a result of the cooperative effects of the random anisotropy of CoFe2O4, exchange–spring occurring at the interface of CoFe2O4 and CoFe2 together with the inter-particle dipolar interaction (figure c); in ?d(M FC ? M ZFC)/dT curves, besides a broad relaxing peat at T 2, a rapid rise around the low-temperature T 1~15 K is observed, below which the moments are suggested to fully freeze. Increase of magnetic field from 2 kOe leads to the shift of T 2 and T irr towards a lower temperature, and the shift of T 2 is attributable to the moment reversal of CoFe2O4.
  相似文献   

15.
Isomeric ratios of 179Hf m2,g yields in the (γ, n) reaction and the cross section for the 179Hf m2 population in the (α, p) reaction are measured for the first time at the end-point energies of 15.1 and 17.5 MeV for bremsstrahlung photons and 26 MeV for alpha particles. The results are σ = (1.1 ± 0.11) × 10?27 cm2 for the 176Lu(α, p)179Hf m2 reaction and Y m2/Y g = (6.1 ± 0.3) × 10?6 and (3.7 ± 0.2) × 10?6 for the 180Hf(γ, n)179Hf m22 reaction at Е ep =15.1 and 17.5 MeV, respectively. The experimental data on the relative 179Hf m2 yield indicate a single-humped shape of the excitation function for the 180Hf(γ, n)179Hf m2 reaction. Simulation is performed using the TALYS-1.4 and EMPIRE-3.2 codes.  相似文献   

16.
The structure, electrical resistivity, and magnetoresistance of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 heteroepitaxial films (120-nm thick) practically unstrained by lattice mismatch with the substrate were studied. A strong maximum of negative magnetoresistance of ≈27% (for μ0H = 4 T) was observed at T ≈360 K. While the magnetoresistance decreased monotonically in magnitude with decreasing temperature, it was still in excess of 2% at 150 K. For T < 250 K, the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films is fitted well by the relation ρ = ρ0 + ρ 1(H)T2.3, where ρ0 = 1.1×10?4 Ω cm, ρ1(H = 0) = 1.8×10?9 Ω cm/K2.3, and ρ10H = 4 T)/ρ1(H = 0) ≈0.96. The temperature dependence of a parameter γ characterizing the extent to which the electrical resistivity of the ferromagnetic phase of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films is suppressed by a magnetic field (μ 0H = 5 T) was determined.  相似文献   

17.
High-frequency (HF) conductivity in systems with a dense (with a density of n = 3 × 1011 cm?2) array of self-organized Ge0.7Si0.3 quantum dots in silicon with different boron concentrations nB is determined by acoustic methods. The measurements of the absorption coefficient and the velocity of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) with frequencies of 30–300 MHz that interact with holes localized in quantum dots are carried out in magnetic fields of up to 18 T in the temperature interval from 1 to 20 K. Using one of the samples (nB = 8.2 × 1011 cm?2), it is shown that, at temperatures T ≤ 4 K, the HF conductivity is realized by the hopping of holes between the states localized in different quantum dots and can be explained within a two-site model in the case of
, where ω is the SAW frequency and τ0 is the relaxation time of the populations of the sites (quantum dots). For T > 7 K, the HF conductivity has an activation character associated with the diffusion over the states at the mobility threshold. In the interval 4 K < T < 7 K, the HF conductivity is determined by a combination of the hopping and activation mechanisms. The contributions of these mechanisms are distinguished; it is found that the temperature dependence of the hopping HF conductivity approaches saturation at T* ≈ 4.5 K, which points to a τ0 ≤ 1. A value of τ0(T*) ≈ 5 × 10?9 s is determined from the condition ωτ0(T*) ≈ 1.
  相似文献   

18.
Magnetic, elastic, magnetoelastic, transport, and magnetotransport properties of the Eu0.55Sr0.45MnO3 ceramics have been studied. A break was detected in the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity ρ(T) near the temperature of the magnetic phase transformation (41 K), with the material remaining an insulator down to the lowest measurement temperature reached (ρ=106 Ω cm at 4.2 K). In the interval 4.2≤T≤50 K, the isotherms of the magnetization, volume magnetostriction, and ρ were observed to undergo jumps at the critical field HC1, which decreases with increasing T. For 50≤T≤120 K, the jumps in the above curves persist, but the pattern of the curves changes and HC1 grows with increasing T. The magnetoresistance Δρ/ρ = (ρ H H=0)/ρ H is positive for H<HC1 and passes through a maximum at 41 K, where Δρ/ρ = 6%. For H>HC1, the magnetoresistance is negative, passes through a minimum near 41 K, and reaches a colossal value of 3×105 % at H=45 kOe. The volume magnetostriction is negative and attains a giant value of 4.5×10?4atH=45 kOe. The observed properties are assigned to the existence of three phases in Eu0.55Sr0.45MnO3, namely, a ferromagnetic (FM) phase, in which carriers are concentrated because of the gain in s-d exchange energy, and two antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases of the A and CE types. Their fractional volumes at low temperatures were estimated to be as follows: ~3% of the sample volume is occupied by the FM phase; ~67%, by the CE-type AFM phase; and ~30%, by the A-type AFM phase.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Frequency dependence of the dissipation factor tanδ, the permittivity ɛ, and the ac conductivity σac across the layers in the frequency range f=5×104−3×107 Hz was studied in layered TlGaS2 single crystals. A significant dispersion in tanδ was observed in the frequency range 106−3×107 Hz. In the range of frequencies studied, the permittivity of TlGaS2 samples varied from 26 to 30. In the frequency range 5×104−106 Hz, the ac conductivity obeyed the f 0.8 law, whereas for f>106 Hz σac was proportional to f 2. It was established that the mechanism of the ac charge transport across the layers in TlGaS2 single crystals in the frequency range 5×104−106 Hz is hopping over localized states near the Fermi level. Estimations yielded the following values of the parameters: the density of states at the Fermi level N F=2.1×1018 eV−1 cm−3, the average time of charge carrier hopping between localized states τ=2 μs, and the average hopping distance R=103 ?. __________ Translated from Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol. 46, No. 6, 2004, pp. 979–981. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2004 by Mustafaeva.  相似文献   

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