光谱法研究MC尼龙6/芳纶复合材料的结构

将经甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和己内酰胺改性的Kevlar纤维作为MC尼龙6的增强体,X射线光电子能谱观察到改性后纤维表面C,N和O元素的含量发生了改变,谱峰也相应发生变化。从红外光谱分析发现,Kevlar纤维和MC尼龙6相混所得谱图只是二者红外谱图的简单叠加,而改性Kevlar纤维可作为己内酰胺阴离子开环聚合的活性中心,且接枝链上的酰胺基可以与基体尼龙形成较强的氢键,有利于提高界面结合。XRD测试表明Kevlar纤维的引入并没有明显改变MC尼龙6的晶型,但其晶粒将具有更严格的三维周期性结构。在相同纤维用量时,改性Kevlar纤维增强的MC尼龙6的晶粒较未改性纤维的完善。当纤维含量小于2%时,纤维的加入有利于生成完善的α球晶,纤维含量大于2%时,α球晶结构含量随着纤维用量的增多反而下降。     

碳纳米管增强镍磷基复合镀层研究

对CVD方法制备的碳纳米管进行表面改性处理，然后在液相中分散，利用化学共沉积方法形成碳纳米管镍磷基复合镀层，研究了碳纳米管表面改性后的红外谱、碳纳米管复合镀层的表面形貌、硬度及摩擦学行为.结果表明：碳纳米管的加入明显地提高镍磷复合镀层的硬度和改善了镍磷复合镀层的摩擦性能.硬度达到946HV，20N载荷时摩擦系数为0.7，增至80N时降为0.6；相同条件下与传统耐磨材料SiC增强的镍磷基复合镀层相比，具有更低的摩擦系数和磨损量. 关键词： 碳纳米管 表面改性 复合镀层 摩擦行为     

有机化凹凸棒土/尼龙6复合材料的光谱分析研究

采用硅烷偶联剂对凹凸棒土进行表面接枝改性,并通过熔融共混技术在双螺杆挤出机上制备了有机化凹凸棒土/尼龙6复合材料.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对改性结果和复合材料的晶体结构和微观相貌进行表征.结果表明:改性后凹凸棒土表面Si,N,C元素的质量分数提高,结...     

红外光谱研究Fenton试剂对多壁碳纳米管表面的影响

碳纳米管经焙烧和稀硝酸纯化处理后,在不同实验条件下采用Fenton试剂对多壁碳纳米管进行化学改性,红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明,Fenton试剂化学处理后能够在碳纳米管表面引入羟基和羰基,且羰基峰的吸收强度随着反应时间的增加而增加;碳纳米管的化学处理条件即过氧化氢与亚铁离子物质的量之比、pH值和反应时间等因素能够影响碳纳米管的改性效果;过氧化氢与亚铁离子物质的量之比控制在10左右,pH保持在3,反应10h即能在碳纳米管表面产生较多的羰基.此外,根据Fenton试剂产生羟基自由基的机理和碳纳米管改性前后的FTIR变化,初步分析了Fenton试剂与碳纳米管作用的可能机理.机理分析表明,羟基和羰基的产生是由亲电性的HO·对碳纳米管上的不饱和键进行加成氧化引起的.     

锂离子进入碳纳米管端口速度的分子动力学模拟

锂离子进入碳纳米管端口的速度V Li是影响锂离子电池充电性能的重要因素.采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了直径、温度、电场强度和端口改性官能团四种因子对其影响.运用正交实验方法,分析得出了各因子及其不同水平的影响规律.结果表明,四种因子的影响力度由大到小依次为:电场强度、官能团类型、碳纳米管直径和温度.在本文的模拟条件下,随着电场强度和碳纳米管直径的增大,V Li逐渐增加,且在电场强度下的增幅会更显著;碳纳米管端口官能团分别改性为氢原子(—H),羟基(—OH),氨基(—NH2)以及羧基(—COOH)时,V Li会逐步降低;随着温度的增大,V Li先增加后减小,但整体波动偏幅不大.     

CVD法制备碳纳米管的TG-DTA研究--温度对CVD法制备碳纳米管的影响

基于碳纳米管粗产品中无定形碳和不同直径碳纳米管对氧的反应活性的差异 ,通过差热 -热重 (TG DTA)方法 ,结合透射电镜 (TEM)和X射线衍射 (XRD)的测试结果 ,研究了合成温度对以乙炔气体为碳源 ,用CVD法制备碳纳米管的石墨化程度、碳纳米管直径以及直径分布的影响 .结果表明 :反应中 ,由于催化剂Co/SiO2中活性组分 (Co)微晶随合成温度的升高而增大 ,导致所制备的碳纳米管的直径增大 ,从 2 0～ 30nm (6 5 0℃ )增加到 30～ 5 0nm (75 0℃ ) .碳纳米管的石墨化程度随着反应温度的升高而增加 .XRD实验结果还表明 ,当合成温度从 6 5 0℃增加到 85 0℃时 ,2θ值从 2 5 .8°增加到 2 6 .8°,(0 0 2 )晶面的层间距从 3.45 减小到 3.32 ,即随着合成温度的升高 ,碳纳米管 (0 0 2 )晶面的层间距减小 .通过DTA放热峰的峰温和半峰宽的分析得出 ,无定形碳的放热峰峰温Tp<380℃ ,其含量随着温度的升高而减小 .碳纳米管的DTA放热峰的峰温Tp 随着碳纳米管的直径和石墨化的程度的增加而升高 ,半峰宽随着碳纳米管的直径的分布范围增大而增宽 .低温 (6 5 0℃ )有利于生成直径小且均匀的多层碳纳米管 (2 0～ 30nm) ,而高温 (大于 75 0℃ )则有利于生成直径大的多层碳纳米管 (大于 30～5 0nm) .     

钛碳化物改性碳纳米管的场发射性能

通过在碳纳米管(CNTs)表面沉积钛薄膜并经过高温真空退火处理,在CNTs表面形成了低功函数的钛碳化物.研究了钛碳化物改性CNTs的场发射性能,并利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对改性碳管进行了结构表征.实验结果表明,高温真空退火可使沉积在CNTs表面的钛原子与碳原子发生化学反应生成钛碳化物;经钛碳化物改性处理的CNTs的场发射性能明显改善,开启电场由改性前的121降低到104V/μm,当电场强度为234V/μm时,场发射电流密度由改性前的23增大到改性后的13.5mA/cm²,同时,CNTs的表面抗离子轰击能力增强,发射稳定性改善.对钛碳化物改性增强CNTs薄膜场发射性能的机理进行了分析. 关键词： 碳纳米管 钛碳化物 场发射 结构表征     

卷曲方式对Rh原子在单壁碳纳米管内外吸附的影响

碳纳米管曲率与卷曲方式是同时存在并影响金属原子在碳纳米管内外吸附行为的重要因素, 单独研究卷曲方式对金属吸附行为的影响较困难. 选取曲率相近、卷曲方式不同的扶手椅型(6, 6)、锯齿型(10, 0)与手性(8, 4)单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT), 利用密度泛函理论研究了Rh原子在SWCNT内外的吸附行为. 构型优化表明:由于SWCNT卷曲方式不同, 导致Rh原子在(6, 6),(10, 0)与(8, 4)SWCNT内外吸附的稳定构型不同; 不同卷曲方式亦使SWCNT与Rh原子相互作用的C原子不同, 导致Rh 关键词： 密度泛函理论 单壁碳纳米管 Rh原子 卷曲方式     

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简述了当今倍受关注的等离子体聚合薄膜技术和各种等离子体纳米聚合反应装置,讨论了各种纳米材料如氧化锌(ZnO)、碳纳米管(CNT)、碳纳米纤维(CNF)等离子体表面改性结果。     

多壁碳纳米管储氢的物理吸附特性

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法 ,模拟常温、1 0MPa下氢在扶手椅型多壁壁碳纳米管中的物理吸附过程 .氢分子之间、氢分子与碳原子之间的相互作用采用Lennard Jones势能模型 .研究了双壁碳纳米管外 (内 )径固定而内 (外 )径改变时的物理吸附储氢情况 ,发现氢分子主要储存在双壁碳纳米管的管壁附近 ,当双壁碳纳米管的内外管壁间距由 0 .34nm增大到 0 .6 1或 0 .88nm时可有效增加物理吸附储氢量 ,并给出了相应的理论解释 .在此基础上 ,计算了管壁间距为 0 .34、0 .6 1和 0 .88nm时的三壁碳纳米管的物理吸附储氢量 ,并与相同条件下单壁和双壁碳纳米管的物理吸附储氢量作了比较 ,发现多壁碳纳米管的物理吸附储氢量随碳管层数的增加而减小 .     

Characterization of thiol-functionalized carbon nanotubes on gold surfaces

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with thiol groups by chemical route. Exploiting the chemical affinity between thiol and gold an assembly of carbon nanotubes was obtained by spontaneous chemical adsorption to gold using Au–S bonds. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were first chemically cut by acid treatment and then functionalized with short chain thiol (2-aminoethanethiol). Substrate dipping in a suspension of functionalized carbon nanotubes allows them to bond to the gold surface. The resultant products, as well as the intermediate were characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-功能化多壁碳纳米管的制备及性能

"以羧基多壁碳纳米管、甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为原料,过氧化苯甲酰作为引发剂,采用原位聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-功能化多壁碳纳米管．利用投射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、核磁共振、傅立叶转换红外光谱,热重分析和拉曼光谱对合成产物进行分析表征．结果表明,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共价接枝到羧基碳纳米管表面,羧基碳纳米管的含量影响合成产物的表观形态．核磁共振研究表明聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-功能化多壁碳纳米管在氘代氯仿中有一定的溶解性．"     

Microscopic model of the optical absorption of carbon nanotubes functionalized with molecular spiropyran photoswitches

The adsorption of molecules to the surface of carbon nanostructures opens a new field of hybrid systems with distinct and controllable properties. We present a microscopic study of the optical absorption in carbon nanotubes functionalized with molecular spiropyran photoswitches. The switching process induces a change in the dipole moment leading to a significant coupling to the charge carriers in the nanotube. As a result, the absorption spectra of functionalized tubes reveal a considerable redshift of transition energies depending on the switching state of the spiropyran molecule. Our results suggest that carbon nanotubes are excellent substrates for the optical readout of spiropyran-based molecular switches. The gained insights can be applied to other noncovalently functionalized one-dimensional nanostructures in an externally induced dipole field.     

Computational analysis of effect of modification on the interfacial characteristics of a carbon nanotube-polyethylene composite system

In this study, the non-covalent association of single-walled nanotube (SWNT) with polyethylene (PE) molecule and the influence of sidewall modification on the interfacial bonding between the SWNTs and polymer were investigated using molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The model of interaction between the initially separated PE and SWNT fragments, which can be either wrapping or filling, was computed. The possible extension of polymers wrapping or filling SWNTs can be used to structurally bridge the SWNTs and polymers to significantly improve the load transfer between them when SWNTs are used to produce nanocomposites. The interfacial bonding characteristics between the single-walled nanotubes, on which -COOH, -CONH₂, -C₆H₁₁, or -C₆H₅ groups have been chemically attached, and the polymer matrix were also investigated by performing pullout simulations. The results show that appropriate functionalization of nanotubes at low densities of functionalized carbon atoms drastically increase their interfacial bonding and shear stress between the nanotubes and the polymer matrix, where chemisorption with -C₆H₅ groups to as little as 5.0% of the nanotube carbon atoms increases the shear stress by about 1700%. Furthermore, this suggests the possibility to use functionalized nanotubes to effectively reinforce other kinds of polymer-based materials as well.     

Physical and mechanical characterization of nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes functionalized with the matrix polymer

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are functionalized with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The functionalized nanotubes are homogeneously dispersed in a PVA solution. Nanocomposite films with low SWNT content (0.1 to 1%) are produced by the wet-casting method. X-ray diffraction shows that the PVA crystallinity was not affected by the presence of the SWNT. The improvement in tensile modulus and strength at such low reinforcement loadings is indicative of good interfacial bonding between the functionalized nanotubes and the polymer matrix.     

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube pretreatments on the electrodeposition of Ni-MWCNTs coatings

Two different chemical treatments were performed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), namely functionalization, and shortening-functionalization processes. Then, nickel-MWCNTs coatings were co-electrodeposited. The results showed that the chemically shortened nanotubes were behaved as inert particles, and embedded into the nickel matrix, whilst the long functionalized nanotubes showed metallic behavior and during electrodeposition, they were incorporated into the nickel matrix. In similar plating condition, the amount of co-deposited shortened nanotubes was more than elongated ones. Furthermore, it was revealed that the pretreatment of nanotubes significantly affected the microstructure, surface morphology, hardness and corrosion resistance of deposited coatings.     

The in vitro biomineralization and cytocompatibility of polydopamine coated carbon nanotubes

In this work, polydopamine coated carbon nanotubes were firstly prepared by a simple and feasible route. Then, for comparison, the in vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility of the carbon nanotubes and the polydopamine coated carbon nanotubes were assessed by immersion study in simulated body fluids and 3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test using osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1), respectively. As a result, it has been demonstrated that the introduction of polydopamine coating can greatly enhance the bioactivity and promote cell proliferation of the carbon nanotubes. The improvement of bioactive behavior is attributed to the good combination of catecholamines structure of the polydopamine and the structural advantages of carbon nanotubes as a framework material. It is anticipated that the polydopamine coated carbon nanotubes would find potential applications in bone tissue engineering and other biomedical areas.     

Nylon and nylon blend nanotubes and nanorods

Nylon nanorods and nanotubes (200 nm diameter) were fabricated by the membrane wetting technique (solvent and melt wetting) from a range of nylons (6; 6,6; 6,9; 6,10; 6,12; 11; 12, 6(3)T) and nylon blended with different dyes (Nylon Cast Blue, Nylon 6/6 Black) or with molybdenum disulfide (Nylon cast MDS). The 65-μm long nylon nanotubes and nanorods were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The nanoscale nylon 6,6 served as an effective high surface area alternative to a nylon membrane as a solid support in a chemiluminescent assay for nylon-bound biotinylated nucleic acids based on streptavidin- alkaline phosphatase and chemiluminescent detection of the bound alkaline phosphatase label with the dioxetane substrate, CDP-Star. Layer-by-layer deposition of the cationic polymer (Sapphire-II™; Tropix) onto the nylon 6,6 nanostructures prior to UV-cross-linking with biotinylated DNA resulted in further enhancement of binding and detection of biotinylated DNA.     

Immobilization of redox mediators on functionalized carbon nanotube: A material for chemical sensor fabrication and amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide

Chemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with redox mediators, namely, toluidine blue and thionin have been carried out and the performance of graphite electrode modified with functionalized carbon nanotubes is described. Mechanical immobilization of functionalized single-walled nanotube (SWNT) on graphite electrode was achieved by gently rubbing the electrode surface on carbon nanotubes supported on a glass slide. The electrochemical behaviour of the modified electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The SWNT-modified electrodes showed excellent electrocatalytic effect for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. A decrease in overvoltage was observed as well as an enhanced peak current compared to a bare graphite electrode for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic current was found to be directly proportional to the amount of hydrogen peroxide taken.