低频液体表面波激光衍射条纹的特征

用激光衍射法实现了低频液体表面波稳定、清晰、反衬度非常高的条纹,并发现了缺级现象.理论上分析了表面波的光衍射效应,得到了衍射光场和表面波之间的解析表达式,表达式包括衍射因子和干涉因子.通过对衍射因子和干涉因子的分析,得到衍射条纹空间分布与表面波波长的关系、条纹的半角宽度与入射激光光斑覆盖表面波的个数和入射方向的关系、衍射光强度与表面波振幅的关系,并解释了条纹缺级现象.     

激光衍射法测量液体表面波的波长并确定其属性

设计并搭建了一套简易的激光衍射实验装置,通过该装置作者测量了水的表面波的波长,并确定了水的表面波主要成份是毛细成分。     

低频液体表面波衍射条纹的不对称性

实验上实现了低频液体表面波的光衍射,当表面波波长远大于入射光波波长时,得到了稳定、清晰的衍射图样,并首次发现了衍射条纹具有明显的不对称分布.理论上对表面波衍射的近似条件进行了分析,得出了各级衍射条纹角宽度的解析表达式,解释了衍射条纹的非对称分布.衍射图样的不对称分布具有普遍规律,可观察的明显程度与表面波的波长和光波波长的比值有关,在能观察到衍射效应的条件下,当表面波波长远大于光波波长,非对称分布越明显,当表面波波长远接近光波波长时,衍射条纹可近似的看成是对称分布的.     

基于衍射条纹非对称性的表面波衰减系数的测量

通过采用将入射光掠入射到频率为几百赫兹的衰减低频液体表面波上,观察到了清晰的间距分布具有明显非对称性的衍射条纹。当入射光掠入射到低频液体表面上时,衍射图样非对称分布具有普遍性。理论上得到了考虑表面波衰减影响后观察屏处衍射光强分布的解析表达式。理论结果表明:衍射图样的这种非对称分布与衍射级次、入射光波波长、液体表面波波长及表面波衰减系数有关;正负级次衍射亮条纹距离中央零级亮条纹的间距体现表面波衰减信息;正衍射级次之间以及负衍射级次之间的条纹间距体现表面波波长信息。利用所提出的方法实现了对几百赫兹液体表面波的衰减系数的实时便捷测量。     

利用表面波对激光的衍射效应测水波频率和波速

利用液体表面波（surfaceacousticwaves,SAW）对激光的衍射效应,建立起一种新的低频液体表面波频率的光学测量方法;同时对表面波的传播速度进行了测量,拟合数据对波速和波长之间的关系进行了研究。     

多振源低频液体表面波声光效应研究

同时利用两个振源,在液体表面上产生两列低频表面波,实现了多振源条件下表面声光效应,观察到清晰、稳定、反衬度高的声光衍射条纹.当引起两列表面波的两个振源频率具有倍数关系时,声光衍射条纹的极大值位置与较小频率的振源单独存在时所产生表面波的极大值位置相同,与较大频率的振源单独存在时所产生表面波的极大值位置部分相同.当引起两列表面波的两个振源频率不具备倍数关系时,不仅观察到单振源的衍射条纹,而且也观察到了双振源的干涉条纹.理论上得到多振源衍射光场和表面波波长、振幅之间的解析表达式,理论规律与实验结果吻合较好.     

超声光栅测声速的方法运用到液体表面波波速的测量

理论上分析了超声光栅衍射和液体表面波光栅衍射,得到了表面波光栅衍射图样与表面波参数的解析关系.实验上得到清晰的衍射图样,利用表面波光栅衍射法测量了液体表面波波速,实验结果与理论值误差不超过1%.     

表面波光栅衍射测量液体表面张力系数

在平稳的液体表面产生低频矮幅的表面波时,表面张力在表面波的传播过程中起最主要的作用,把这样的表面波称之谓表面张力波。把在表面上能呈现出波形为平行分布的稳定的表面驻波,叫做表面波光栅。它是一种反射式光栅,表面波的波长乃是它的光栅常数。当激光斜入射到发面波光栅上时,衍射光之间相互叠加的结果,就能展现出分布在一条线上的明暗相间的衍射     

TE激励下金属光栅电荷振荡的异常透射及其表面波分析

 利用时域有限差分法,对TE偏振光（电场平行狭缝方向）激励下,不同结构和参数的带电介质亚波长一维金属光栅的光场分布进行了数值模拟实验。根据金属表面电荷分布理论和表面波理论对此现象进行了物理机理分析,通过分析可以得出在金属狭缝处产生柱面表面波,这种表面波可以突破衍射极限,从而引起异常透射;并且根据Ag的表面电荷分布及其激发机理分析,得到了透射峰位置与介质覆层厚度变化的动态响应以及金属薄膜厚度改变时透射率与波长变化的动态关系,确定了柱面表面波是该异常透射现象产生的一个重要原因。理论分析与模拟实验结果一致,从而为TE偏振光激励下的异常透射机理深入研究和结构参数的选择提供了较好的理论依据。     

表面波等离子体源的发展现状

对微波放电产生的平板型表面波等离子体源进行了系统介绍,分析了表面波等离子体的工作原理, 探讨了维持表面波等离子体放电的能量吸收机制,介绍了由单模谐振腔阵列、 亚波长衍射光栅及开槽天线阵列组成的新型波模转换器.表面波等离子体的产生机理、实现途径、 参数特性和数值仿真等方面的研究进展及其所取得的成果,有利于促进新型表面波等离子体源走向产业化应用, 并促使微电子产业的功效取得新的突破.     

Backward electronic Tamm states in graphene-based heterostructures

We study the electronic surface waves (the so-called Tamm states) localized at the interface between a graphene-based superlattice and a homogeneous graphene by applying suitable electrodes on a graphene sheet. The magnitude as well as the sign of the slope of the Tamm dispersive curve can be flexibly tuned just by varying the external voltage. Particularly, in addition to the conventional forward Tamm states, backward Tamm states in which the wave vector of the electronic surface wave is antiparallel with the group velocity can be realized.     

Finite element modeling of the interaction of laser-generated ultrasound with a surface-breaking notch in an elastic plate

The interaction of surface acoustic waves generated by laser line source in the thermoelastic regime with surface notches are investigated. The finite element method is used to establish the model of the transient displacement field for surface notches with various depths and orientation. The magnitude of the signal enhancement in the near field and the mechanism by which this occurs are explained. The positions of notches were evaluated by the reflected Rayleigh wave. The depths and orientations of the notches were also determined using a shear wave that was generated through mode conversion of a surface acoustic wave at the notch tip. The results agree with previously published experimental measurements.     

Pressed waves: Surface-bulk electromagnetic eigenmodes of metal surface

We discovered that in the infrared in conditions of surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) excitiation on finite grating coupler a wave packet consisted of evanescent and bulk waves is generated. This wave packet is conventionally called pressed wave by us. The wave packet is demonstrated to satisfy Maxwell equations and boundary conditions on smooth part of a surface outside the grating coupler. Thus the wave packet is a new type of surface-bulk electro-magnetic eigenmodes of metal surface.     

Elastic surface waves in crystals. Part 1: review of the physics

We present a review of wave propagation at the surface of anisotropic media (crystal symmetries). The physics for media of cubic and hexagonal symmetries has been extensively studied based on analytical and semi-analytical methods. However, some controversies regarding surfaces waves and the use of different notations for the same modes require a review of the research done and a clarification of the terminology. In a companion paper we obtain the full-wave solution for the wave propagation at the surface of media with arbitrary symmetry (including cubic and hexagonal symmetries) using two spectral numerical modeling algorithms.     

On Symmetric Water Waves with Constant Vorticity

We prove that a solution to the gravity water wave problem with constant vorticity, whose wave profile as well as its horizontal velocity component at the free surface are symmetric at any instant of time, is given by a traveling wave. The proof is based on maximum principles and structural properties of the governing equations.     

Investigation of THz Sommerfeld wave propagation on single-wire at different temperature

In this paper, THz Sommerfeld wave propagation on dielectrically coated cylindrical metal wire and conical metal wire is presented. The propagation characteristics of single wire are largely related to the characteristics of material being used, which may change significantly with the temperature variation. Then, the surface wave propagation along the THz wire waveguide is investigated by the numerical calculation from 0.1 to 1 THz at different temperature. The influences of different conductivity and different temperature on the propagation characteristics of the dielectrically coated cylindrical metal wire and conical metal wire are discussed, including electric field distribution, propagation loss and energy coupling characteristic. The analysis results release a fundamental characteristic for describing the THz surface wave propagation on single wire at different temperature, and moreover, the analysis results also suggest that the single wire is a promising THz waveguide and very useful for the space sensing at cryogenic temperature in future.     

Mode selection of Lamb waves for the evaluation of solid plates with liquid loading

This paper studies the mode selection of Lamb waves for evaluating solid plates with liquid loading. For this purpose, the Lamb wave selected should have the features such as zero normal displacement components at the plate surface in contact with liquid, small dispersion, and maximum group velocity. It is found that when the phase velocity of Lamb wave is equal to the longitudinal wave velocity of the plate material, its normal displacement at the plate surface is always zero. Through the numerical analyses, the specific S₂ Lamb wave that has zero normal displacement component at the plate surface, small dispersion and maximum group velocity compared with the other Lamb waves has been found. With respect to the specific S₂ Lamb wave, some experimental examinations have been carried out. It is found that the liquid loading on the plate surface has less influence on the specific S₂ Lamb wave signal but it can effectively eliminate the other signals. Moreover, the specific S₂ Lamb wave selected exhibits the capability of detecting multiple defects in the solid plate with the liquid loading. It can be concluded that the specific S₂ Lamb wave selected is suitable for the evaluation of solid plates with liquid loading.     

Stability of surface waves at magnetized plasma – metal interface

The stability of high‐frequency potential surface waves at a dense magnetized plasma – metal interface with respect to a low‐frequency plasma density modulation is studied in the point of view of the surface waves control. The discussion is addressed to the situation, when an external steady magnetic field is directed perpendicularly to the interface. The nonlinear interaction process of the high‐frequency surface wave, its satellites and the low‐frequency plasma density perturbation is investigated. It is shown that the low‐frequency plasma density perturbation can be represented as a superposition of forced waves of surface and volume types and can lead to an additional attenuation of the surface waves. This attenuation arises when the surface wave amplitude exceeds the threshold value. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)