高频振荡下缓慢前沿的电子束电流波形测量

推导了Rogowski线圈理论,给出了任意Rogowski线圈的表达式。通过使用高磁导率的磁芯材料,增加线圈匝数,设计出了能有效测量前沿变化0.1 s、强度mA量级的电子束电流的Rogowski线圈,并测得了电子束等离子体装置中的电子束电流信号。利用推导的任意Rogowski线圈表达式,成功获得低频与高频共存的电流波形。测量结果表明,该电子束等离子体系统中存在束流振荡,振荡幅度达12%。     

测量1 MA/100 ns脉冲大电流的微分环

强光一号加速器能输出上升沿约100 ns、幅值约2 MA的电流脉冲。实验中通常采用自积分式Rogowski线圈监测负载电流。为与该线圈比对校验,研制了一种快响应、结构简单、抗电磁干扰性能较好的微分环。标定实验给出,微分环测量的响应时间约1.2 ns,频谱响应范围10 kHz~100 MHz,灵敏度为6.1310-11(Vs)/A。其快时间响应将有助于监测与负载物理特性有关的瞬态电流变化。在加速器二极管短路状态对微分环和积分式Rogowski线圈进行了实验比对,数值积分给出的电流波形与后者基本相符,峰值偏差小于10%,表明微分环的设计合理,同时校验了电流测量的可信度。      

Differential loop for measuring 1 MA/1O0 ns pulsed high current

“强光一号”加速器能输出上升沿约100 ns、幅值约2 MA的电流脉冲.实验中通常采用自积分式Rogowski线圈监测负载电流.为与该线圈比对校验,研制了一种快响应、结构简单、抗电磁干扰性能较好的微分环.标定实验给出,微分环测量的响应时间约1.2 ns,频谱响应范围10 kHz～100 MHz,灵敏度为6.13×10-11(V· s)/A.其快时间响应将有助于监测与负载物理特性有关的瞬态电流变化.在加速器二极管短路状态对微分环和积分式Rogowski线圈进行了实验比对,数值积分给出的电流波形与后者基本相符,峰值偏差小于10％,表明微分环的设计合理,同时校验了电流测量的可信度.     

宽脉冲电流测量线圈

由Rogowski线圈的集中参数模型得到测量系统的传递函数,在正弦稳态输入下得到微分型Rogowski线圈的最佳采样电阻阻值,同时对普通RC积分和有源积分进行了幅频特性分析,根据测量精度的要求得出测量系统的实际带宽。有源积分较普通RC积分拓宽了频带,提高了暂态性能。合理设计了有源积分器的结构和参数,有效抑制了积分漂移,保证了测试精度和可靠性。在神光Ⅲ能源模块中对宽脉冲电流测量装置进行了实验验证,结果表明该脉冲电流测量装置的电路结构和参数配置是合理的。     

Rogowski线圈信号电阻对纳秒级脉冲大电流的响应

 研制了一种自积分型Rogowski线圈,从电路理论和电路仿真角度分析了信号电阻的寄生电感和线圈对地电容对测量信号的影响。采用电阻并联的方法,制作了小电感信号电阻。在定标和大电流测量实验中,小电感信号电阻的使用,消除了测量信号的平顶振荡和波形畸变,验证了理论分析的正确性。经定标,采用小电感信号电阻的Rogowski线圈对方波脉冲前沿的响应为11 ns,灵敏度为4.25 mV·A-1。该线圈性能稳定,已用于测量长脉冲强流电子束加速器二极管的电流,测得的电流波型平顶较好,半高脉宽为180 ns,幅度约为15.36 kA。     

快响应磁芯式Rogowski线圈

为减小线圈响应时间,提高脉冲大电流信号的测量精度,设计了ns级快脉冲响应的Rogowski线圈。根据电磁理论,给出了线圈关键参数的计算公式,并对其进行了工程制作。通过引入50Ω的阻尼电阻,消除信号电压波形前后沿处的高频寄生振荡。对Rogowski线圈的等效电路进行了Pspice电路模拟,验证了线圈的输出特性,与理论分析结果一致。用50 ns和10 ns方波脉冲分别对线圈进行定标,其响应时间分别为2.43和1.10 ns,灵敏度为3.34 A/V。利用该线圈对高压ns脉冲发生器的负载电流进行测量,结果表明线圈能够较好地响应10 ns,kA级脉冲大电流信号。     

MARX发生器电流线圈的设计与实验

为测量Marx发生器输出电流, 设计了外积分式罗可夫斯基线圈。采用电容器放电的方式进行线下标定确定刻度因素, 采用盘式TEM室进行线圈的方波响应实验, 实验结果与等效电路模拟仿真吻合。线圈的响应时间为16ns。模拟仿真分析了Marx连接假负载实验中, 实测电流波形后沿衰落较快且脉冲结束后基线不回零的问题。通过调整积分器的RC时间常数, 增加线圈的低频响应能力可消除该失真。改进后的线圈实验结果与理论分析一致。     

耐高压纳秒脉冲罗氏线圈的研制

针对ns级脉冲电流信号的测量，设计了一种带磁芯的新型自积分式罗氏线圈，具有信噪比高、动态范围广等优点。屏蔽盒开气隙防止涡流。屏蔽盒外层采用聚氨酯进行整体封装，聚氨酯层厚度大于1.5 mm，可耐受大于20 kV的冲击电压。采用高压方波发生器与Pearson4100线圈对罗氏线圈标定。罗氏线圈的参数为:灵敏度0.018 8 V/A，最高上升时间小于20 ns，方波脉宽300 ns，最大峰值电流300 A。     

测量低频大电流的自积分罗氏线圈设计

为测量电容储能脉冲功率源模块电流,设计了磁芯式自积分罗氏线圈。给出了磁芯的选择方法,分析了磁芯饱和问题。解决饱和问题的方法是使用饱和磁感应强度较大的材料,对测量线圈施加去磁磁场,以及等效减小线圈的励磁电流。分析表明:通过增大磁芯直径和截面积,选取线径合适的导线多层绕制的方法来增大线圈自感与电阻比值,可以有效提高线圈的测量幅值范围。使用设计的线圈实测了脉冲功率源模块电流,通过改变模块的充电电压,可以得到线圈出现饱和时对应的电流值。实验结果与理论分析相符合。对于脉冲功率源模块的ms量级脉冲电流信号,改进后的自积分线圈测量范围可以超过50kA。     

RSD固态脉冲电源中的罗氏线圈电流检测技术

 介绍了基于高速大功率反向开关晶体管(RSD)的磁压缩固态脉冲电源试验平台,就RSD状态电流及磁压缩脉冲电流的波形特征对检测环节高需求的问题,研究了罗氏(Rogowski)线圈传感头的频率特性,在对比已有传感头信号处理方法的基础上,给出了一种新型结构的自积分与外积分复合式罗氏线圈的设计过程和参数选取方法,在保证传感器具有1 mV/A灵敏度的前提下,将传感器的工作频带从低频拓宽到线圈的自然角频率。给出了二级磁压缩网络放电的负载电流实验波形及RSD开关的触发、导通电流波形,验证了该罗氏线圈传感器能够满足本固态脉冲电源中的RSD开关状态电流高精度检测和负载电流的高频检测要求。     

采用罗戈夫斯基线圈诊断径向束流

 罗戈夫斯基线圈具有结构简单、高频特性好等特点而被广泛应用于脉冲电流测量。提出了用两个自积分式罗戈夫斯基线圈诊断径向束流的方法,在此基础上设计了两个用于径向束流诊断的自积分式罗戈夫斯基线圈,对其进行了标定。当标准电流的上升沿为30 ns时,罗氏线圈响应时间约为10 ns;整个系统的测量误差约为4.7%。从标定结果来看,该系统的频率响应特性和测量精度能够满足ns级束流诊断的要求,该方法可以用于径向结构高功率微波器件的束流强度测量。     

New approaches on application of multipole moments for determination of toroidal plasma shift

An application of multipole moments for the determination of toroidal plasma column shift is presented. First, we present analytical details for using this technique. Then, the principle of different models based on this technique for design and fabrication of a six coils will be presented: four modified Rogowski coils (two cosine coils and two sine coils) and two saddle coils (saddle sine coil and saddle cosine coil). As continuous measurements of magnetic field distribution around the toroidal plasma can be made using these coils, this technique is a good method for the determination of toroidal plasma column shift.     

Studies of a slow-wave Rogowski coil

A Rogowski coil in a conducting shield can be considered as a slow-wave transmission line. By carefully constructing the slow-wave structure in such a way that the distributed capacitance becomes large (on the order of nF) and the coil inductance is at least several microhenries, it is possible to obtain a high-sensitivity (≅1 V/A) Rogowski coil for a pulse duration of up to several microseconds. The design and performance of such a slow-wave Rogowski coil are described. Details of the experimental results for the effects of the terminating resistance on the probe response are also presented. These results agree with theoretical predictions     

Multilayer Gradient Coil Design

In standard cylindrical gradient coils consisting of wires wound in a single layer, the rapid increase in coil resistance with efficiency is the limiting factor in achieving very large magnetic field gradients. This behavior results from the decrease in the maximum usable wire diameter as the number of turns is increased. By adopting a multilayer design in which the coil wires are allowed to spread out into multiple layers wound at increasing radii, a more favorable scaling of resistance with efficiency is achieved, thus allowing the design of more powerful gradient coils with acceptable resistance values. By extending the theory used to design standard cylindrical gradient coils, we have developed mathematical expressions which allow the design of multilayer coils, and the evaluation of their performance. These expressions have been used to design a four-layer,z-gradient coil of 8 mm inner diameter, which has an efficiency of 1.73 Tm⁻¹A⁻¹, a resistance of 1.8 Ω, and an inductance of 50 μH. This coil produces a gradient which deviates from linearity by less than 5% within a central cylindrical region of 4.5 mm length and 4.5 mm diameter. A coil has been constructed from this design and tested in simple imaging and pulsed gradient spin echo experiments. The resulting data verify the predicted coil performance, thus demonstrating the advantages of using multilayer coils for experiments requiring very large magnetic field gradients.