双极化频率调制微波反射计在J-TEXT托卡马克上的应用

等离子体中电子密度分布是研究等离子体物理的基础诊断之一.为了测量J-TEXT中电子密度分布,我们在J-TEXT实验装置上搭建了一套频率调制反射计.该反射计工作在Q波段与V波段,为了增加反射计密度测量范围,采用了双极化的设计,即能够同时测量寻常波模式与非寻常波模式.得益于双极化的设计,该反射计测量的电子密度范围为0—6.0×1019m-3,能够覆盖J-TEXT托卡马克的低场侧全部范围.频率调制反射计的时间分辨取决于微波系统扫描周期,由于采用了扫频速率更快的扫频固态源,整个频率扫描周期可以达到40μs.要获得完整的电子密度分布,必须先利用中频频率的跳变计算出密度零点的位置,然后使用两种极化模式的数据反演得到完整的电子密度剖面.同时,在实验中还观察到在非寻常波模式下低于右旋截止频率的微波在等离子体中也能够传播.     

高频振荡下缓慢前沿的电子束电流波形测量

推导了Rogowski线圈理论,给出了任意Rogowski线圈的表达式。通过使用高磁导率的磁芯材料,增加线圈匝数,设计出了能有效测量前沿变化0.1 s、强度mA量级的电子束电流的Rogowski线圈,并测得了电子束等离子体装置中的电子束电流信号。利用推导的任意Rogowski线圈表达式,成功获得低频与高频共存的电流波形。测量结果表明,该电子束等离子体系统中存在束流振荡,振荡幅度达12%。     

The intermittent excitation of geodesic acoustic mode by resonant Instanton of electron drift wave envelope in L-mode discharge near tokamak edge

There are two distinct phases in the evolution of drift wave envelope in the presence of zonal flow. A long-lived standing wave phase, which we call the Caviton, and a short-lived traveling wave phase (in radial direction) we call the Instanton. Several abrupt phenomena observed in tokamaks, such as intermittent excitation of geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) shown in this paper, could be attributed to the sudden and fast radial motion of Instanton. The composite drift wave—zonal flow system evolves at the two well-separate scales:the micro-scale and the meso-scale. The eigenmode equation of the model defines the zero-order (micro-scale) variation; it is solved by making use of the two-dimensional (2D) weakly asymmetric ballooning theory (WABT), a theory suitable for modes localized to rational surface like drift waves, and then refined by shifted inverse power method, an iterative finite difference method. The next order is the equation of electron drift wave (EDW) envelope (containing group velocity of EDW) which is modulated by the zonal flow generated by Reynolds stress of EDW. This equation is coupled to the zonal flow equation, and numerically solved in spatiotemporal representation; the results are displayed in self-explanatory graphs. One observes a strong correlation between the Caviton-Instanton transition and the zero-crossing of radial group velocity of EDW. The calculation brings out the defining characteristics of the Instanton:it begins as a linear traveling wave right after the transition. Then, it evolves to a nonlinear stage with increasing frequency all the way to 20 kHz. The modulation to Reynolds stress in zonal flow equation brought in by the nonlinear Instanton will cause resonant excitation to GAM. The intermittency is shown due to the random phase mixing between multiple central rational surfaces in the reaction region.     

使用基于动态程序规划的时间延迟法分析直线磁化等离子体漂移波湍流角向传播速度和带状流结构

对等离子体湍流速度场的有效探测,有助于更加深入了解磁约束等离子体湍流以及实现对某些理论预言现象和结构(如带状流)的充分辨识.本文将基于动态程序规划的时间延迟估算技术成功应用于直线磁化等离子体装置中热阴极放电条件下的漂移波湍流角向速度涨落的实验分析,并且其结果清晰再现了漂移波湍流中通过非线性能量耦合自发产生的带状流结构.通过对采用不同频段等离子体湍流涨落通过基于动态程序规划的时间延迟估算分析所再现的带状流结构特征进行比较,进一步就该算法对载波信号中非相干噪声相对水平的抗干扰能力进行了定性评估.这些工作的成功开展,对于通过采用基于动态程序规划的时间延迟估算分析技术更为深入有效探索磁约束等离子体湍流行为特征,尤其是速度涨落场的演化提供了重要的借鉴和参考价值.