360°旋转体面形测量系统的优化设计

在明确线结构光360°旋转体面形测量的基本原理的基础上,对系统的结构进行了性能分析和模拟计算,得出了系统参数,即CCD与激光器之间的基线距离L、工作距离D、透镜的焦距f以及CCD自身的参数与系统测量分辨率和测量范围之间的关系。最后在满足系统测量分辨率和测量范围的条件下,给出了系统的结构参数。     

双目视觉系统的测量误差分析

通过对双目视觉测量系统的研究,建立了双目视觉测量系统的误差模型,并分析了系统结构参数对测量结果的影响。在理论上对系统结构参数(两光轴夹角、基线距离)与测量精度之间的关系进行了系统、详尽的分析,得出了测量系统的位置误差对距离方向上的精度影响较大;光轴夹角的变化对测量误差影响不大,而距离方向的误差随着基线距离的增加而减小的结论。本文建立的误差模型对具体的双目视觉测量系统的设计具有指导作用。     

GNSS测姿系统天线设置及精度分析

GNSS测姿系统的天线设置是影响测姿精度的重要因素之一;针对GNSS天线设置对测姿精度的影响问题,在分析GNSS测姿算法的基础上,对天线设置的3个决定因素,即天线数量、基线夹角和基线长度与姿态角误差的关系进行了理论推导,仿真分析了三者对测姿误差的影响程度;理论推导结果表明,对航向角、俯仰角和横滚角的测量至少需要三个固定天线,天线构成的固定基线相互垂直时姿态角的误差较小,姿态角的误差与基线长度的平方成反比;仿真结果验证了上述结论并进一步表明,两基线长度分别为1 m、2 m、3 m时,航向角和俯仰角的误差分别在2°、1°、0.5°以内,横滚角的误差分别在3°、2°、1°以内。     

一种冗余机械臂的多运动障碍物避障算法

冗余机械臂的避障问题一直是工业机器人应用领域的研究热点之一;为了改进传统避障算法的不足,提出了一种多运动障碍物的避障算法;该算法利用各障碍物的运动状态得到与机械臂之间的最小预测距离,并将其利用雅可比转置矩阵转化为机械臂对应杆件上的躲避速度,再将躲避速度引入梯度投影法中求得机械臂的关节角速度,并通过积分得到避障运动中机械臂的关节角度值,在完成末端轨迹跟踪的同时实现冗余机械臂的实时避障;利用一款七自由度冗余机械臂对该算法进行了仿真验证,结果表明该算法能有效实现冗余机械臂对多运动障碍物的避障。     

基于氧气A吸收带的baseline拟合距离反演算法

目标红外被动测距的实现同气体及其波段的选取密切相关。氧气A吸收带具有独特的谱线结构,对于火箭羽流或者高温辐射体的距离探测,氧气A吸收带是最佳的距离反演通道。利用该特点,详细研究了逐线积分算法(LBLRTM),并设计了氧气A带吸收系数及标准光谱计算软件;利用A吸收带吸收光谱带外数据,采用多项式拟合方法,实现基线(baseline)拟合,进而得到带平均透过率;在不同的距离条件下,将两种带平均透过率进行对比,误差在1.9%左右,拟合精度较高,该方法为后续距离的精确反演提供了理论依据。     

水下同步扫描三角测距成像理论建模及仿真分析

针对激光同步扫描三角测距成像系统水下应用时,考虑不同介质界面的折射效应,通过理论建模,得出水下同步扫描三角测距成像系统的空间三维坐标测量关系表达式。分析了基线距离、接收透镜焦距等系统主要参数对距离测量分辨率的影响,以及成像探测器长度对测量范围的影响。仿真结果表明:增大基线距离和接收透镜焦距,有利于提高距离测量分辨率,增加成像探测器长度,有利于增大系统测量范围,为水下同步扫描三角测距成像系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

以低聚(芴-亚乙烯基)为官能团的蒽基线型低聚物光学性质的实验和理论研究：π延展的作

通过实验和理论方法系统地研究了以低聚(芴-亚乙烯基)为官能团的蒽基线型低聚物(An-OFV_n (n=1～4)) 的光物理性质. 稳态光谱测量表明：芴-亚乙烯基单元的增加会导致吸收光谱的红移,并抑制低聚物间激基缔合物的形成. 量化计算表明：随着芴-亚乙烯基单元的增加,HOMO,LUMO能级及带隙逐渐趋于常量. 支臂上的电子云分布也逐渐增强,使得低聚物吸收光谱的形状逐步趋向于支臂本身吸收光谱的形状. 时间分辨荧光测试表明,当低聚物中芴-亚乙烯基单元的数目≥2后,激基缔合物的辐射寿命几乎是不变的. 在非线性光学测试中,双光子荧光产率和双光子吸收截面都会随着芴-亚乙烯基单元的增加逐渐增强,并于芴-亚乙烯基单元的数目为4时接近一个极值.     

光栅刻划机进给导轨直线度误差对光栅衍射波前及杂散光的影响

对光栅刻划机的进给导轨直线度误差做了系统的研究,推导了直线度误差对光栅衍射波面和杂散光的影响的计算公式,并且定义了干涉仪测量轴线到刻线始端这段距离为定位臂。得出以下结论:定位臂会放大进给导轨的直线度误差;光栅的衍射波前和杂散光强度主要受定位臂和导轨直线度大小的影响,若定位臂为50 mm,则水平方向直线度误差必须小于0.15″,若定位臂为10 mm,则水平方向直线度误差必须小于0.74″;与竖直方向的直线度相比,刻划机对进给导轨水平方向的直线度要求更高。理论推算与实验结果相符。     

三光纤干涉型波分复用器的理论分析与实验

本文提出一种由三根长度不等的单模光纤作为干涉臂连接两个3×3耦合器而成的干涉型超窄三波分复用器,并对其进行了理论分析与实验研究文中给出了三角型3×3耦合器的传输矩阵及三根干涉臂的长度之差与复用波长的关系,并由此导出了整个系统的功率传输式理论分析与实验曲线基本一致我们实验样品的使用波段为155μm,波长复用间隔为16nm,插入损耗约06dB,三个端口的隔离度分别在13～16dB之间.     

1550 nm单模光纤中的量子密钥分配

从实验中实现了红外波段的远程量子密钥分配。系统采用双不等臂M-Z干涉仪相位编码方式，工作波长为1550nm。通过分析量子密钥分配系统传输距离与误码率之间相互关系，给出了理论上理想不等臂M-Z系统与实际系统的最低误码率与传输距离间的关系，以及系统实测传输距离与误码率的关系。实验结果显示，本密钥分配系统已非常接近理想实验系统的性能。     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.