二元液态金属Cu-Ni和Ag-Cu凝固过程的分子动力学模拟研究

用Quantum Sutton-Chen多体势对Ag6Cu4和CuNi液态金属凝固过程进行了分子动力学模拟研究.在冷却速率2×1012到2×1014K/s范围内,CuNi总是形成fcc晶体结构,而Ag6Cu4总是形成非晶态结构.考虑到CuNi及AgCu中原子半径之比分别为1.025和1.13,那么模拟结果证实了原子的尺寸差别是非晶态合金形成的一个主要影响因素.此外采用键对及原子多面体类型指数法对凝固过程中微观结构组态变化的分析,不但能说明二十面体结构在非晶态合金形成和稳定性中所起的关键作用,又有助于对液态金属的凝固过程、非晶态结构特征的深入理解.     

Local atomic structures of amorphous Pd80Si20 alloys and their configuration heredity in the rapid solidification

The local atomic structures of amorphous Pd₈₀Si₂₀ alloys and their configuration heredity in the rapid solidification are investigated by a molecular dynamics simulation with the help of cluster-type index method based on Honeycutt–Anderson bond-type index and an inversely tracking technique of atomic trajectories. Their short-range orders are found to be various Kasper clusters as well as their distorted configurations, and among which (10 2/1441 8/1551) bi-capped square Archimedean anti-prism (BSAP) clusters are dominated, e.g. Si-centred Pd₁₀Si₁ clusters. These Kasper clusters mainly exist in the form of isolated basic clusters. Few medium-range orders can be detected, especially for Si-centred Kasper clusters. Similarly to icosahedrons of Cu–Zr amorphous alloys, their sustainable configuration heredity also occurs firstly in the super-cooled liquid region, and BSAP clusters have higher onset temperature T_onset and bigger descendible fraction F than other Kasper clusters in the rapid solidification of Pd₈₀Si₂₀ alloys.     

非晶态合金Cu_xPd_(1-x)形成过程合金效应及微观结构转变特性的模拟研究(英文)

本文根据量子Sutton-Chen多体势,采用分子动力学方法对含有50000个原子大系统液态二元合金Cu_xPd_(1-x)(CuPd的原子半径比为1.14)在快速凝固过程中的微观结构转变特性进行模拟研究.运用Honeycutt-Andersen(HA)键型指数法和原子成团类型指数法(CTIM)分析了液态和固态的微观结构特性.研究结果发现:在7.73×10~(13)K/S冷却速率下,Cu_xPd_(1-x)合金形成以1551、1541和1431三种键型为主的非晶态结构;系统以1551键型和由1551键型构成的(12 0 12 0)二十面体团族在所有的键型和团簇中占主导地位,并且在液态合金Cu_xPd_(1-x)微观结构转变中起着关键性作用.通过分析键型、团簇和平均原子体积,我们发现液态合金Cu_xPd_(1-x)的玻璃转变温度是573K.同时还发现,原子的平均配位数的变化与1551,1441,1661键型的变化趋势相当接近,这反映出体系对称性结构的变化规律与配位数的变化有关.     

非晶态金属Al中微团簇多面体结构及其演变规律的模拟研究

对50 000个金属Al原子从液态急冷形成非晶态结构的过程进行了分子动力学模拟研究.采用原子键型和原子团簇类型指数法,发现在其微观结构的转变过程中,与不断增加的1551键型密切相关的二十面体及其缺陷结构的形成起了非常突出的作用.通过各种键型原子团簇的计算,获得团簇多面体结构的分布数据.在可视化的显示下,得到一幅十分清晰的关于团簇多面体结构的特征及其演变的图景.建立了一种简单而有效的团簇多面体结构研究方法.同时也对模拟计算结果的微观机理给出了相应的讨论,这对于深入理解非晶态结构的形成机制及其微观过程,将有重     

Electrical resistivity of amorphous alloys

Amorphous alloys of Ga, Sn, Pb and Bi with Cu, Ag and Au are produced by evaporation on a cold substrate. The residual resistivity, the temperature dependence of the resistivity, the transition temperature of superconductivity and the temperature of the amorphous-crystalline transformation are measured. We observe e.g. that the residual resistivity increases with the noble metal concentration, and that the temperature coefficient of the resistivity of the Au alloys is always negative. In these two respects amorphous alloys differ in behaviour from the corresponding liquid alloys. These observations can be correlated with the atomic energy levels of the free atoms.     

Strain rate induced crystallization in bulk metallic glass-forming liquid

We report on the solidification of Au49, Ag5.5, Pd2.3, Cu26.9, Si16.3 bulk metallic glass under various strain rates. Using a copper mold casting technique with a low strain rate during solidification, this alloy is capable of forming glassy rods of at least 5 mm in diameter. Surprisingly, when the liquid alloy is splat cooled at much higher cooling rates and large strain rates, the solidified alloy is no longer fully amorphous. Our finding suggests that the large strain rate during splat cooling induces crystallization. The pronounced difference in crystallization behavior cannot be explained by the previously observed strain rate effect on viscosity alone. A strain rate induced phase separation process is suggested as one of the explanations for this crystallization behavior. The strain-rate-dependent critical cooling rate must be considered in order to assess the intrinsic glass forming ability of metallic liquid.     

Nb添加对Cu-Zr非晶合金玻璃转变和晶化动力学的影响

采用铜模吸铸法制备出直径为2 mm的Cu_50.3Zr_49.7-xNb_x(x=0,2)大块非晶合金，利用示差扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了2at%Nb元素添加对Cu-Zr非晶合金玻璃转变动力学和晶化动力学的影响，发现含Nb合金具有较低的脆性指数，和较高的晶化激活能.这表明微量Nb的添加提高了该二元Cu基非晶合金过冷金属液相的热稳定性，从而有利于其非晶合金的形成. 关键词： Cu-Zr非晶合金 Nb添加 玻璃转变动力学 晶化动力学     

A simulation study of rapid solidification and crystal configuration of Cu_(70)Ni_(30) alloy

1 Introduction It is well known that the performances of metal materials are mainly determined by their special microcosmic configuration formed in the concreting processes. For under- standing the relationship between the configuration and performance, it is very impor- tant both in theory and practice to find out the form and transition feature of microcos- mic configuration by tracking the concreting processes of liquid metals. Cu-Ni alloy is a completely solid solution or a single-phase al…     

亚稳相的高压暴露

 很久以前,便有人指出,气态冷凝成固态时,要连续经历液相及各种高温相,才达到平衡结晶相。但是,液态及高温相往往需靠很大的冷却速度才能冻结下来,这在当时对绝大多数合金,是不可能的。近些年,随着超急冷等技术的进步,关于非晶等亚稳相得研究十分活跃。当超过一定临界冷却速度时,液态合金可固化为非晶态。虽然,亚稳结晶相较非晶应更容易冻结,但是,由于产生各种亚稳相所需的过冷条件各不相同,以及对冷却速度的选择不能是任意的,因此有时它们较非晶还难于形成。与液相凝固过程相似,非晶合金的晶化也服从构型最小重排原理,即在晶化完成之前,存在某些亚稳相变态阶段。但是,限于热力学上的不稳定性及动力学因素,在常压下这些亚稳相同样是难以发现的。作者根据对多种合金系的研究,提出高压暴露亚稳相的设想,并利用非晶等亚稳相的高压变态过程,将进行液态急冷时的速度控制方式,改为便于掌握的高压退火方式,来获得新亚稳相。本文对压力暴露亚稳相的原理和实践,加以论述。     

快凝Pd82Si18合金原子团簇的演化特性及遗传机制

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟计算,对Pd82Si18合金快凝过程中基本原子团簇的遗传特性、演化趋势和结构稳定性进行了研究.团簇类型指数法(CTIM)分析表明:非晶固体中Si原子为中心的(102/14418/1551)双帽阿基米德反棱柱(BSAP)团簇数目占据优势.快凝过程中,BSAP结构团簇具有最大的遗传分数,并且其他以Si原子为中心的Kasper团簇大多都会向BSAP结构团簇转变.通过对Si原子为中心的Kasper基本团簇电子性质第一性原理计算发现,体系中BSAP团簇的结合能最低,结构稳定性较高,与分子动力学计算结果一致.     

液态Mg7Zn3合金快速凝固过程中微观结构演变机理的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对液态Mg₇Zn₃合金的快速凝固过程进行了模拟研究,并采用双体分布函数、Honeycutt-Andersen键型指数法、原子团类型指数法(CTIM)以及遗传跟踪等方法对凝固过程中团簇结构的形成、演变特性进行了分析.结果表明:在以冷速为1×10¹² K ·s^-1的凝固过程中, Zn-Zn原子之间的相互成键的概率明显增加,形成以1551,1541,1431键型为主的非晶态结构.其特征键型1551随温度变化 关键词： 液态MgZn合金 快速凝固过程 微观结构演变 分子动力学模拟     

冷速对液态金属Pb凝固过程中微观团簇结构演变影响的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对六种不同冷却速率对液态金属Pb凝固过程中微观团簇结构演变的影响进行了模拟跟踪研究.采用双体分布函数、Honeycutt-Andersen键型指数法、原子团类型指数法(CTIM-2)、平均配位数等方法对凝固过程中微观团簇结构的演变进行了分析.结果表明：系统存在一个形成非晶态或晶态结构的临界冷速(介于5×10¹²与1×10¹²之间),大于这个临界冷速时,系统将形成以1551,1541和1431键型为主的非晶态结构;当小于这个临界冷速时,系统将先形成以1441和1661键型或以bcc基本原子团(14 6 0 8 0 0)为主的晶态结构,并稳定存在一段时间,然后又迅速转变为以1421和1422键型为主或以fcc基本原子团(12 0 0 0 12 0)和hcp基本原子团(12 0 0 0 6 6)以一定比例并存的部分晶态结构;同时发现,冷速对系统中fcc结构和hcp结构的相对比例有明显的影响,冷速越低,fcc结构所占的比例越多,越倾向于形成完美的fcc晶态结构. 关键词： 液态金属铅 凝固过程 团簇结构演变 分子动力学模拟     

Amorphous and metastable crystalline structures in rapidly solidified Sn–Al system using melt-spinning technique

Three alloys of compositions Sn–5Al, Sn–5Al–2.5Ag and Sn–5Al–2.5Ag–0.5Cu (in weight percent) were produced by rapid solidification using the melt-spinning technique. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a broad main peak at low Bragg angle that characterizes the amorphous phase. Also, the formation of a new metastable intermediate phase AlSn, was observed. The crystal structure of AlSn was found to be cubic (S.G. F4¯3m) with lattice parameter a?=?15.623?Å, and the unit cell contains 112 atoms. AlSn was found to be stable at room temperature.     

ATOMIC SHORT-RANGE ORDER OF AMORPHOUS Ta-Cu ALLOYS PREPARED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

In the present work, the atomic short-range ordering structure of the amorphous Ta-Cu alloys formed by mechanical alloying was investigated through radial distribution function (RDF) analysis. The results suggest that the elemental powders of Ta and Cu were well mixed by mechanical alloying at atomic level. The regions of short-range order (r_s) increase with Cu concentration in Ta-Cu alloys, This means that the short-range ordering becomes stronger in those alloys with higher Cu content. The coordination number was estimated to be 12-13 from the area under the first maximum of the RDF (r) curves for all the Ta-Cu amorphous alloys. This result indicates that the amorphous alloys formed by mechanical alloying are also of topologically dense-packing structure.     

Computer simulation of the structure of MZr2 liquid and amorphous alloys

In the present study, we compare the structure of NiZr₂ and CuZr₂ disordered (liquid and amorphous) alloys. While Cu and Ni have similar atomic radii, the formation heats of these alloys differ by more than a factor of two. Moreover, the most stable crystal phase in the CuZr₂ alloy has the C11b lattice while the most stable phase in the NiZr2 alloy has the C16 lattice. Comparing these two alloys allows us to directly explore how the chemistry and atomic size affect the disordered phase structure. We find that all differences in the structures of the disordered alloys are readily explained by the smaller Ni–Zr separation driven by the higher heat of mixing and the structure of the disordered alloys does not necessarily resemble the local packing structure of their crystalline counterparts. Comparison of the disordered alloys and their most stable crystal phase structures explains the better glass formability of the CuZr₂ alloy.     

Acceleration mechanism of atom clusters during radiationless transitions

We describe the mechanism of energy transition from an electron to an atom cluster during nonradiative electron relaxation. An assessment of this process is given, and it is shown that it could play an important role in accelerating the rebuilding of the atomic structure in amorphous alloys upon crystallization, chemical reactions in a condensed medium, and other processes associated with the rebuilding of atomic structures subjected to irradiation by light quanta.     

液态金属凝固过程原子团簇结构表征的新方法（英文）

采用分子动力学方法对液态金属钠的凝固过程进行了模拟计算,运用团簇结构表征新方法――团簇类型指数法(CTIM)对凝固过程中的团簇结构进行了识别.为了阐明CTIM在识别团簇结构上的准确性和效率,将其与广为采用的Voronoi多面体方法 (VPM)进行比较.结果表明:当采用CTIM和VPM分别对液态金属钠凝固结构中的原子团簇结构进行表征时,它们所得到的微观结构特征是一致的.非晶态结构中,原子团簇类型的分布呈现明显的区段特征,每一区段都存在一种主要团簇类型,它们分别是二十面体或其缺陷结构.晶体结构中,体系形成以BCC团簇为主体的晶态结构.同时发现,VPM不易区分不同团簇构型之间的细微差别,不同构型的原子团簇可能被归为同种结构类型;而CTIM根据近邻原子之间相对位置关系,直接准确描述原子团簇的构型.不但由CTIM分析获得的凝固体系结构特征与VPM的分析结果一致;而且CTIM抓住了体系微观结构特征的主要方面,简化了团簇结构的表征形式,这在大尺度模拟体系的结构分析中将具有较高效率.     

冷速对液态金属Na凝固过程中微观结构影响的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对液态金属Na在四种不同冷速下的快速凝固过程进行了模拟跟踪研究.采用双体分布函数g(r)曲线、Honeycutt-Andersen键型指数法和原子团类型指数法对凝固过程中微观结构的变化进行了分析.结果表明：冷却速率对微结构的转变有决定性影响，当冷速为1.0×10¹⁴和1.0×10¹³K/s时，系统形成以1551和1541键型或以缺陷多面体基本原子团(13 1 10 2)和二十面体基本原子团(12 0 12 0)为主体的非晶态结构；当冷速为1.0×10¹²和1.0×10¹¹K/s时，系统则形成以1441和1661键型或以体心立方基本原子团(14 6 0 8)为主体的晶态结构.同时发现：不同冷速对液态金属Na在液态和过冷态时微观结构的影响甚小；但不同冷速对其固态(非晶态利晶态)时的微观结构有显著的影响，且要在液-固转变点(分别在玻璃转变温度T_g和晶化起始温度T_c)附近或以后才能充分展现出来.根据这一特点，有可能建立另一种确定液态金属T_g和T_c的新方法.原子团类型指数法比键型指数法更有利于研究液态、非晶态等无序体系和一些晶化体系的具体结构特征. 关键词： 液态金属Na 凝固过程 分子动力学模拟 原子团类型指数法     

Al-Mg合金熔体快速凝固过程中微观结构演化机理的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法对Al₅₀Mg₅₀合金熔体的快速凝固过程进行了模拟,并采用双体分布函数、键型指数法和原子团类型指数法等方法,从微观结的不同层面对Al-Mg合金熔体快速凝固过程中微观结构的演化机理进行了深入的分析研究.结果表明：本模拟所获得的Faber-Ziman偏结构因子与实验结果符合较好.Al₅₀Mg₅₀合金熔体具有遗传性,在快速凝固过程形成了非晶态结构,其中二十面体短程序结构对非晶态结构的形成起决定性作用.基于原 关键词： Al-Mg合金熔体 快速凝固过程 分子动力学模拟 微观结构