天水湖草鱼体内微量元素含量的测定及相关性分析

采用HNO3∶HClO4(体积比为4∶1)消解体系,在低温微沸条件下消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定了天水湖草鱼7个组织器官(肌肉、鱼鳃、鱼鳞、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、精巢)中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn的含量.结果表明:草鱼体中4种微量元素含量高低为Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn;4种微量元素在草鱼各组织器官中的含量均差异极显著(P＜0.01).相关性分析表明:草鱼体内各组织器官中Fe和Zn含量呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),相关系数为0.708;Fe和Cu的含量呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),相关系数为0.869;Fe和Mn的含量呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),相关系数为0.474;Cu和Zn含量呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),相关系数为0.834.     

FAAS和HG-AFS研究野生葛根中微量元素的溶出特性

采用HNO₃-HCIO₄消解体系,应用火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）和氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法（HG-AFS）测定了洞口县野生葛根中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn等15种微量元素的含量,方法对试样中各元素测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.07%—4.29%,加标回收率为90.00%—104.00%,方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于葛根中微量元素含量的测定。同时考察了微波提取、超声提取和传统煎煮法对野生葛根中15种微量元素的溶出情况。结果表明:野生葛根溶出液中含量较多元素的顺序为:Zn>Cu>Mn>Se>Fe,其余元素的含量均很少;野生葛根中Zn、Cu、Mn和Se的水溶性强,其溶出率比Fe高很多。     

长白山区野生、种植贝母和白术中微量元素的ICP-MS对比分析

用ICP-MS对长白山区野生、种植的贝母和白术中草药中Cu,Fe,Zn,Mg,Mn,Sr,Cr,Co,Se,Pb和Cd等多种微量元素进行了分析测定。比较了灰化法和微波消解法处理样品对测定结果的影响,研究表明,用HNO₃-H₂O₂作消化液微波消解处理样品,精密度和回收率较好;在选定的实验条件下,各元素间互不干扰,可在同一样品液中进行多种元素的分别测定;贝母和白术含有丰富的Cu,Fe,Zn,Mg和Mn,野生的贝母和白术中Fe含量较种植的高;重金属元素Pb、Cd含量野生较种植的低;野生贝母和白术中都含有Co,而种植的贝母和白术中都未检出Co, RSD≤4.85%（n=7）,加标回收率为 96.8%～103.4%。     

ICP-AES法测定猫爪草中常量及微量元素

运用ICP—AES法对河南、新疆产猫爪草中常量及微量元素进行了测定。结果表明猫爪草含K,Fe,Ca,Cr,Mg,Mn,Zn,Co,Cu,Ni,Se,Sr等多种常量及微量元素,微量元素Pb,Cd,As等的含量甚微;研究发现猫爪草块根中Zn/Cu值为3左右,与抗癌中药中微量元素的含量有Zn高Cu低的现象一致。     

5种微量元素在唐古特铁线莲中的分布

为了研究唐古特铁线莲的不同器官微量元素分布,应用火焰原子吸收光谱法分析了青海产唐古特铁线莲中微量元素的含量.唐古特铁线莲中含有丰富的微量元素,特别是Ca、Cu、Fe、Mn和Zn在唐古特铁线莲不同器官根、茎、叶、花、种子中含量丰富.结果表明,唐古特铁线莲叶中Ca、Mn和Cu的含量最高,分别为7004.438、47.848mg/kg和4.876mg/kg,种子中Zn和Fe的含量最高,分别为53.616mg/kg和963.538mg/kg.     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定2种不同来源重楼药材中的金属元素含量

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定滇重楼和华重楼中Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn等7种金属元素的含量。结果表明,2种药材中金属元素的含量存在差异,其中滇重楼中宏量元素Ca、K、Mg,以及微量元素Cu的含量高于华重楼;而华重楼中微量元素Fe、Zn、Mn的含量高于滇重楼。实验的相关系数r≥0.9898,测定值的RSD在0.38%—1.70%之间,方法稳定可靠,其结果为进一步开发利用重楼药材资源提供了依据。     

原子吸收光谱法测定云南野生裂褶菌中的7种金属元素

为开发和利用云南野生裂褶菌提供一定的科学依据,采用原子吸收光谱法测定了其中Zn,Co,Ni,Cu,Fe,Cr和Mg7种金属元素的含量。结果表明,裂褶菌中Zn,Co,Ni,Fe,Cr和Mg含量丰富,Cu含量较低,Zn/Cu值为7.4,与抗癌中药中微量元素的含量有Zn高Cu低的关系相同,说明云南野生裂褶菌有较高的营养价值。     

玫瑰枝、叶中微量元素含量的测定及动态研究

用原子吸收光谱法对大马士革玫瑰枝、叶中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn 5种微量元素的含量进行了测定,并研究了不同生理条件、不同器官中5种元素含量的动态变化规律。结果表明:大马士革玫瑰枝叶中含有丰富的Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn微量元素,元素含量高低顺序依次为:Ca>Mg>Fe>Mn>Cu;玫瑰叶片中的微量元素含量均明显高于枝条,甚至较枝条要高出一个数量级以上;未开花植株和开花植株微量元素含量的动态变化规律总体上基本相似,但是未开花植株的微量元素含量要显著低于开花植株;在生长季节内,5种微量元素含量各呈现不同的动态变化规律,这与植物的生长发育和元素的植物生理功能密切相关。     

湖泊沉积物微量元素ICP-AES与XRF分析方法和相关性研究

首次以托素湖沉积物为研究对象, ICP-AES法测定沉积物微量元素Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn和Pb的含量, 不同的消解法研究和优化结果确定了一个最适合托素湖沉积物前处理的体系为： 5∶5∶5∶1∶1的HCl-HNO₃-HF-HClO₄-H₂O₂体系。同时与定性的XRF岩芯扫描法对托素湖沉积物微量元素进行分析,以及用含水量校正的方法,讨论了含水量对扫描方法的影响。数据比较表明,与背景值相对比,托素湖沉积物中的微量元素Cd和Zn含量偏高,Cr,Cu和Pb的含量均在背景值范围内,而XRF岩芯扫描主要受沉积物元素的控制,在一定程度上也受到沉积物中含水量的影响,两种方法测量结果有显著的正相关关系(r为0.673～0.925),具有很好的可比性。     

CuCl2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的EPR研究

通过测定Cu含量不同的新鲜CuCl₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的EPR谱,以及对EPR谱的线型及强度的计算机处理和理论拟合等,研究了催化剂中CuCl₂在载体表面的分散方式,和Cu含量对Cu²⁺配位形式的影响.EPR结果表明,催化剂表面的Cu²⁺至少有两种不同配位状态.新鲜催化剂中所存在的两种不同谱线的比例决定了EPR谱的线型和强度,而两种谱线的比例又取决于催化剂中的Cu含量.在低Cu催化剂中Cu²⁺相互离散,倾向于形成富氧配位,具有较高的EPR强度,只有在Cu含量较高时,Cu²⁺才能形成富氯配位.鉴于低Cu催化剂不能与乙烯反应,而高Cu催化剂则可以使乙烯转化为二氯乙烷的事实,认为富氧配位的Cu²⁺可能具有与乙烯反应的活性.     

Cu掺杂无水芒硝的光致发光特性

在气温1 100℃下,将纯天然无水芒硝(Na2SO4)和Cu的混合粉末加热20 min,制备了Na2SO4:Cu发光材料.在室温中测量了光致发光谱.通过实验结果发现发射光谱形状依赖于激发波长,在260nm激发下的发射光谱是由峰值位于430 nm处的宽带谱构成,所得到的宽带谱归属于Cu+内电子的3d94s→3d10跃迁....     

Local effect of Na adsorption on Cu(111)

The local effect of Na adsorbed on Cu(111) at very low coverage is studied with the Density Functional Theory. We find that the Na atom and its three nearest neighbor Cu atoms tend to form a small cluster, with the Na effect on surface being localized. The Mulliken occupation, density of state, interatomic energy, and interorbital energy show that the electron transfer mainly occurs from the 2p and 3s orbitals of Na atom to the 3d and 4s orbitals of the nearest neighbor Cu atoms, with the formation of a bond with four components that have different energies. In the anti-bonding state region, the 2p state of Na plays a key role in the bond, while in the bonding state region, not only the 2p state of Na has a very significant contribution, but the 3s state (which is the outermost Na orbital) also contributes to the bond between Na and the Cu(111) surface.     

Two-dimensional unoccupied electronic band structure of clean Cu(110) and (1 × 2) Na/Cu(110)

Using the technique of angle-resolved inverse photoemission, we have measured the dispersion of an unoccupied Cu(110) surface state for the clean Cu(110) surface and for the (1 × 2) reconstructed Na/Cu(110) surface along the symmetry lines. The dispersion of the crystal-induced surface state of clean Cu(110) at 2.05 eV above the Fermi energy at the point of the SBZ is free-electron-like with an effective mass of (1.0 ± 0.2)m_e at the point, which is in good agreement with other experimental results as well as a theoretical calculation. This surface state shifts to 2.5 eV above the Fermi energy for the (1 × 2) phase of Na/Cu(110) with a coverage of 0.25 ML, and the dispersion along the direction is considerably reduced compared to the clean surface. On the other hand, the dispersion of this state for (1 × 2) Na/Cu(110) (0.25 ML) along the direction is close to that of clean Cu(110). We account for these results within a missing-row picture of the Na-induced reconstruction.     

The effects of Na on high pressure phases of CuIn(0.5)Ga(0.5)Se(2) from ab initio calculation

The effects of Na atoms on high pressure structural phase transitions of CuIn(0.5)Ga(0.5)Se(2) (CIGS) were studied by an ab initio method using density functional theory. At ambient pressure, CIGS is known to have chalcopyrite (I42d) structure. The high pressure phase transitions of CIGS were proposed to be the same as the order in the CuInSe(2) phase transitions which are I42d → Fm3m → Cmcm structures. By using the mixture atoms method, the Na concentration in CIGS was studied at 0.1, 1.0 and 6.25%. The positive mixing enthalpy of Na at In/Ga sites (Na(InGa)) is higher than that of Na at Cu sites (Na(Cu)). It confirmed previous studies that Na preferably substitutes on the Cu sites more than the (In, Ga) sites. From the energy-volume curves, we found that the effect of the Na substitutes is to reduce the hardness of CIGS under high pressure. The most significant effects occur at 6.25% Na. We also found that the electronic density of states of CIGS near the valence band maximum is increased noticeably in the chalcopyrite phase. The band gap is close in the cubic and orthorhombic phases. Also, the Na(Cu)-Se bond length in the chalcopyrite phase is significantly reduced at 6.25% Na, compared with the pure Cu-Se bond length. Consequently, the energy band gap in this phase is wider than in pure CIGS, and the gap increased at the rate of 31 meV GPa(-1) under pressure. The Na has a small effect on the transition pressure. The path of transformation from the cubic to orthorhombic phase was derived. The Cu-Se plane in the cubic phase displaced relatively parallel to the (In, Ga)-Se plane by 18% in order to transform to the Cmcm phase. The enthalpy barrier is 0.020 eV/atom, which is equivalent to a thermal energy of 248 K. We predicted that Fm3m and Cmcm can coexist in some pressure range.     

The glow curve structure for the LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si TL detector with dopants concentrations and sintering temperatures

The glow curve structures for LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si TL detectors with various dopant concentrations and sintering temperatures were investigated for the improvement of the glow curve structure and sensitivity of the TL detector. The dopant concentrations were varied over the following ranges: Mg (0–0.25 mol%), Cu (0–0.07 mol%), Na and Si (0–1.5 mol%). With increasing Cu concentration, the intensity of the main peak was intensified and reached a maximum at a concentration of 0.05 mol%. The high-temperature peak was reduced. The dependency of the main peak intensity on the Mg concentration exhibits a sharp maximum at 0.2 mol%. The intensity of the high-temperature peak tends to rise slightly with increasing Mg concentration. It was found that the optimum concentrations of the dopants in the LiF:Mg,Cu,Na,Si TL material are Mg: 0.2 mol%, Cu: 0.05 mol%, Na and Si: 0.9 mol%. The dependency of the main peak intensity on sintering temperature exhibits a very sharp maximum at 830°C. The high-temperature peak was rapidly reduced after 825°C.     

DL-2-氨基4-磺酸基-丁酸与金属离子相互作用的研究

运用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术,对DL-2-氨基-4-磺酸基丁酸(DLH)与Na+,Cu2+,Zn2+和Ni2+ 形成的配合物进行了研究,并用元素分析的方法确定配合物的组成。红外光谱显示DLH分子中的—COOH,—NH+₃和—SO-₃ 基团均可与金属离子发生直接或间接的相互作用。不同过渡金属离子与氨基、羧基相互作用的强度顺序均为： Cu2+＞Zn2+＞Ni2+,其中羧基与不同离子可能采取了不同的配位方式。     

Surface electronic structure of the Cu(111)/Na adsorption system

An ab initio calculation of the surface electronic structure of the Cu(111)/Na adsorption is presented. The results are consistent with (a) the bulk Cu band structure, (b) the known properties of the clean Cu(111) surface and (c) the extremely narrow and intense photoemission peak observed at E_F for adsorbed Na.     

Flame Emission Measurement of Alkali and Alkali Earth Metals Using Atomic Absorption Apparatus (2) Determination of Na in River Water

Flame Emission measurement of Na using an ordinary atomic absorption apparatus is performed in order to determine the concentration of Na in the surface water of the river Izumi, which is used for the irrigation of rice field in summer time.

The effect of acids and K on Na emission are studied and found to be eliminated when the proper conditions and positions of the flame is chosen. The recovery ratio of 8 ppm and 200 ppm Na added to the well water and river water, respectively, are found to be within 92–105%. This method can be applied to the routine analysis of Na in river water samples.     

中老年高血压患者血清中钾钠钙镁锌铜铁锰的含量分析

用原子吸收法对 4 8名高血压患者和 5 2名正常健康人进行血清中K ,Na ,Ca ,Mg ,Zn ,Cu ,Fe和Mn的测定。结果表明 ,患高血压组血清中Na ,Mg ,Zn ,Fe和Mn的水平含量均高于健康对照组 ,K ,Ca和Cu的水平含量均低于健康对照组。患高血压组血清Na/K比值均高于健康对照组 ,Ca/Mg ,Cu/Zn比值均低于健康对照组。建议 ,患者适当增补人体内K ,Ca,Mg和Cu的含量 ,减少Na的过多摄入 ,科学地控制Zn ,Fe和Mn的增加 ;注意体内Na/K ,Ca/Mg和Cu/Zn比值的平衡关系 ,降低Na/K比 ,提高Cu/Zn比 ,补Ca的同时一定要注意适当补充Mg ,有利于高血压病的预防和治疗。     

微波消解样品ICP-AES同时测定桄榔粉中的锌、铁、钙、镁、锰、铜、钾和钠

用硝酸-过氧化氢(3+2)混合溶液作为消解剂,微波消解法处理桄榔粉样品,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定所得样品溶液中锌、铁、钙、镁、锰、铜、钾和钠的含量。选择谱线(nm)Zn:213.8、Fe:239.5、Ca:317.9、Mg:280.2、Mn:257.6、Cu:224.7、K:766.4、Na:589.5等进行测定。所有元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.9997;该方法线性范围(μg.mL-1)Zn、Cu:0.0—2.0,Fe:0.0—10.0,Ca:0.0—60.0,Mg:0.0—40.0,Mn:0.0—5.0,K:0.0—80.0、Na:0.0—20.0;检出限(3Sd,μg.mL-1)为Zn:0.001、Fe:0.025、、Ca:0.020、Mg:0.001、Mn:0.002、Cu:0.006、K:0.069、Na:0.022;样品测定的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.45%—9.05%之间。用本法测定4个国家标准物质大米粉GBW(E)080684、小麦GBW10011、玉米GBW10012和苹果GBW10019,测定值与标准值相吻合。