Fabrication and characterization of a pulsed fiber ring laser based on As2S3

We demonstrate the operation of a fiber ring laser using a 19.5 cm segment of As2S3 chalcogenide fiber. The laser is passively mode-locked via nonlinear polarization rotation and provides two different operation regimes of picosecond and noiselike pulses. This ring configuration also enables an accurate measurement of the chromatic dispersion of the chalcogenide fiber.     

Spectrally scanned,repetitively pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser for spectral and temporal multiplexing of fiber Bragg grating sensors

An erbium-doped fiber laser that emits a series of spectrally scanned pulses is used to monitor an array of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The cavity for this Fabry-Perot laser is formed by two spectrally selective reflectors: a rotating mirror-grating combination for scanning the reflectance peak wavelength and a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) with a periodic reflectance spectrum. During a scan of the rotating mirror, the laser produces a set of Q-switched pulses over the 1522-1568-nm spectral range at each of the FFPI reflectance peak wavelengths. This laser is used to simultaneously demonstrate wavelength-division multiplexing of FBGs with reflectance peaks in different spectral regimes and time-division multiplexing of FBGs with overlapping spectra. The spectral location of the FBG peaks was determined to an accuracy of 1.4 pm.     

具有高阶色散项的交叉相位调制不稳定性分析

以包含了三、四阶色散项的耦合非线性薛定谔方程为基础,重点研究了三、四阶色散对交叉相位调制不稳定性的影响。结果表明：三阶色散对调制不稳定性不起作用;当满足一定条件时,由于四阶色散的影响,不仅在光纤的反常色散区,而且在光纤的正常色散区,交叉相位所致的调制不稳定性均发生在两个频谱区。当光纤各参量及两束入射光波功率一定时,光纤反常色散区第一区域的增益谱要比正常色散区第一区域的增益谱宽;同时,反常色散区第二区域的增益谱比正常色散区第二区域的增益谱更靠近零点;进一步对比反、正常色散区的这两个频谱区,发现两个频谱区的范围有确定的对应关系。     

Passive mode locking of fiber lasers upon doubling the period of repetition of ultrashort pulses in the output radiation

The dynamics of the output radiation of fiber lasers with nonlinear losses caused by an intracavity polarizer and by nonlinear optical activity due to the Kerr nonlinearity of the fiber is studied by numerical simulation. It is shown that the model of lasing that takes into account the concentration of nonlinear losses in the intracavity polarizer describes the characteristic transient regimes of the passive mode locking, connected with a nonstationarity of the parameters of the output radiation: doubling of the period of repetition of the field structure in the output radiation, appearance of slow periodic changes of the parameters of light pulses in the regimes with the doubled period, and transitions to the regimes with chaotic change of the characteristics of ultrashort pulses.     

Power scaling of resonantly cladding-pumped, Yb-free, Er-doped LMA fiber lasers

The results of the recent major efforts in power scaling of resonantly cladding-pumped Yb-free Er fiber lasers are presented. Commercially available Yb-free Er-doped large mode area Er60-20/125 (LMA) DC fibers were tested in two regimes: (i), as a booster amplifier in a single-frequency (SF) MOPA configuration and, (ii), in a Bragg grating (FBG) based narrowband fiber laser configuration. We obtained ～28.5 W of output power at 1590 nm, the highest power reported so far out of Yb-free Er-doped LMA fiber with resonant cladding pumping. The achieved optical-to-optical conversion slope efficiency of ～56.6% is also believed to be the highest efficiency ever reported from Yb-free Er-doped fiber laser with resonant cladding pumping.     

Beam cleanup in a self-aligned gradient-index Brillouin cavity for high-power multimode fiber amplifiers

We propose a beam cleanup setup to convert a multimode beam into a single-mode beam by use of the Brillouin effect in a multimode gradient-index (GI) fiber. Phase conjugation and beam cleanup regimes in highly multimode fibers are discussed, and the self-aligned GI fiber Brillouin cavity is presented. We report a preliminary conversion from an M2=6.5 beam into an M2=1.3 beam with 31% efficiency.     

Stall, spiculate, or run away: The fate of fibers growing towards fluctuating membranes

We study the dynamics of a growing semiflexible fiber approaching a membrane at an angle. At late times we find three regimes: fiber stalling, when growth stops, runaway, in which the fiber bends away from the membrane, and another regime in which spicules form. We discuss which regions of the resulting "phase diagram" are explored by (i) single and bundled actin fibers in living cells, (ii) sickle hemoglobin fibers, and (iii) microtubules inside vesicles. We complement our analysis with 3D stochastic simulations.     

Dynamics of self-similar light pulses of limiting pulse width and energy in a fiber laser

We investigate dynamics of the formation of high-power ultrashort self-similar light pulses (similaritons) in a fiber laser in the regime of positive dispersion. The physical factors limiting the energy and the pulse width of such pulses are revealed. We specify regimes where a laser system based on an ytterbium-doped fiber can generate self-similar pulses with an energy of about 80 nJ compressible to a pulse width of about 150 fs through extracavity linear chirp compensation.     

Investigation of combined Brillouin gain and loss in a birefringent fiber with applications in sensing

The most general model of elliptical birefringence in an optical fiber is extended to describe a transient Bril-louin interaction including both gain and loss. The effects of elliptical birefringence cause a Brillouin spectral shape distortion, which is detrimental for fiber sensing techniques. The model investigates the effects of bire- fringence and the corresponding evolution of spectral distortion effects along the fiber, and also investigates regimes where this distortion is minimal.     

多模式输出掺镱光纤激光器的实验研究

实验研究了环行腔掺镱光纤激光器的运行特性.发现在由未完全泵浦的掺镱光纤充当的慢可饱和吸收体与偏振控制器和偏振敏感型隔离器所组成的等效快可饱和吸收体的共同作用下,仔细调节偏振控制器的角度与泵浦功率的大小,掺镱光纤激光器可分别稳定地工作在连续、调Q、调Q锁模和连续锁模多种运转方式.对于不同的运转方式,从原理上给予了一定的解释,并对各种运转方式的工作条件进行了详细研究.由于其具有全光纤结构,且腔内不含任何主动器件,同时有良好的稳定性.     

Mode-locked fiber laser in the C-band region for dual-wavelength ultrashort pulses emission using a carbon nanotube saturable absorber

A saturable absorber is commonly employed to generate an ultrashort laser with a mode-locking scheme. In an erbium-doped fiber laser system, the laser regimes of either 1530 or 1550 nm wavelength are procured based on the absorption profile of the erbium-doped fiber. The absorption of the erbium-doped fiber is designed to emit at both wavelengths by controlling the net gain of the laser cavity. Subsequently, simultaneous erbium-doped fiber laser emission is attained at 1533.5 and 1555.1 nm with the pulse duration of 910 and 850 fs, respectively.Therefore, this work maximizes the output portfolios of a mode-locking fiber laser for dual-wavelength ultrashort pulses emission.     

非线性高双折射阶跃光纤中单一频率传输区域调制不稳定性

利用光脉冲在高双折射非线性光纤中传播时所遵守的相干耦合非线性薛定谔方程,研究了单一频率的线偏振光,当偏振方向沿两个双折射轴的分量强度相等时,其在阶跃式光纤中反常色散区和正常色散区所产生的调制不稳定性。结果表明,调制不稳定性这一过程不仅产生在反常色散区,而且产生在正常色散区,对于阶跃式光纤,矢量调制不稳定性还随级数不同发生变化。并且,反常色散区产生的增益谱不同于正常色散区,较之多一个增益谱区域。     

Autosolitons in dispersion-managed systems with in-line saturable absorbers

We study the formation of stable solitonlike pulses in dispersion-managed fiber transmission systems using an in-line fast saturable absorber. Operational regimes suitable for 40-Gbit/s channel rate transmission are demonstrated.     

Reverse propagation of femtosecond pulses in optical fibers

We present a numerical technique for reversing femtosecond pulse propagation in an optical fiber, such that given any output pulse it is possible to obtain the input pulse shape by numerically undoing all dispersion and nonlinear effects. The technique is tested against experimental results, and it is shown that it can be used for fiber output pulse optimization in both the anomalous and normal dispersion regimes.     

Soliton evolution and control in a two-mode fiber with two-photon absorption

Soliton dynamics are numerically investigated in a two-mode fiber with the two-photon absorption, and the effects of the two-photon absorption on the soliton propagation and interaction are demonstrated in different dispersion regimes.Soliton dynamics depend strictly on the sign and magnitude of the group velocity dispersion(GVD) coefficient of each mode and the strength(coefficient) of the two-photon absorption. The two-photon absorption leads to the soliton collapse,enhances the neighboring soliton interaction in both modes, and increases the energy exchange between the two modes.Finally, an available control is proposed to suppress the effects by the use of the nonlinear gain with filter.     

Analysis of nonlinear gain-induced effects on short-pulse amplification in doped fibers by use of an extended power equation

Optical pulse amplification in doped fibers is studied using an extended power transport equation for the coupled pulse spectral components. This equation includes the effects of gain saturation, gain dispersion, fiber dispersion, fiber nonlinearity, and amplified spontaneous emission. The new model is employed to study nonlinear gain-induced effects on the spectrotemporal characteristics of amplified subpicosecond pulses, in both the anomalous and the normal dispersion regimes.     

高阶色散导致的交叉相位调制不稳定性

在考虑光纤损耗及高阶色散的情况下,以三、四阶色散项的耦合非线性薛定谔方程为基础,研究高阶色散对交叉相位调制不稳定性的影响.研究表明:三阶色散对调制不稳定性不起作用;由于四阶色散的影响,在光纤的正常、反常色散区,交叉相位调制不稳定性均发生在两个频谱区.且反常色散区两频谱区都比正常色散区的宽,反常色散区第二频谱区比正常色散区的更靠近零点.光纤损耗对增益谱的谱宽有较大影响,它使增益的谱宽变窄,且随传输距离的增大谱宽变得更窄.     

零色散附近的交叉相位调制不稳定性分析

以三、四阶色散项的耦合非线性薛定谔方程为基础，考虑光纤损耗及高阶色散，研究了双光束在零色散附近的交叉相位调制不稳定性.理论上导出描述交叉相位调制不稳定性的色散方程，并进行数值模拟计算.结果表明：由于四阶色散的影响，在光纤的正常、反常色散区，交叉相位调制不稳定性均发生在两个频谱区.如光脉冲工作在最小群速度色散附近时，四阶色散对光纤的交叉相位调制不稳定性将起决定性作用，可使增益谱出现一个新的峰值.光纤损耗使增益的谱宽变窄.对给定的传输距离，随着光纤向零色散附近靠近，两个频谱区谱宽增加直到相互重叠.数值分析了两光波有差别时的交叉相位调制不稳定性.     

Generation and controlling of the dispersive wave by femtosecond pulses propagating in the normal dispersion regimes of the birefringent photonic crystal fiber

This paper studies the generation of the dispersive wave (DW) in the normal dispersion regimes of the birefringent photonic crystal fiber (BPCF) fabricated in this work. The remarkable blue-shifted radiation is found to be generated when 30 fs pulses are input in the normal dispersion regime of the BPCF for the first time. The characteristics of the blue-shifted DW strongly depend on the polarization of the input pulse. As a result, two peaks appear in the blue-shifted region of the spectrum when the input pulses polarize along the slow axis of the BPCF. With the increase of the center wavelength of the initial input pulse, the difference between the wavelengths of the two peaks widens. The peak location in the spectrum can be explained by the phase matching condition between the DW and the input pulse. In addition, when the input polarization is set to an angle of 45° with respect to the principal axes of the BPCF, the cross-phase modulation and coherent coupling between two orthogonally polarized modes would result in pulse trapping in the BPCF. Accordingly, the DW shift toward short wavelength is restrained. The DW generation in the normal-dispersion regimes of BPCF can be controlled by the phase matching condition and polarization of the input pulse.     

超长腔碳纳米管锁模多波长掺镱光纤激光器

报道了一种超长腔碳纳米管锁模多波长掺镱光纤激光器, 光纤激光器的总长度为1021.2 m. 实验得到了噪声型孤子和孤子雨两种类型的多波长锁模脉冲, 重复频率均为199.8 kHz. 孤子雨具有更高的输出功率和单脉冲能量, 分别为40.3 mW和201.5 nJ, 对应的脉冲宽度为102.5 ns.