掺Tm~(3+)氟锆酸盐玻璃2μm发光特性

研究了Tm3+掺杂氟锆酸盐玻璃的2μm发光特性。通过吸收光谱,运用Judd-Ofelt(J-O)理论计算了J-O强度参量tΩ(t=2,4,6)以及Tm3+离子在玻璃中的自发辐射跃迁几率、荧光分支比和辐射跃迁寿命等光谱参数。采用808 nm激光二极管(LD)抽运,获得了Tm3+离子在氟锆酸盐玻璃中的近2μm发射光谱。Tm3+离子在玻璃中的3F4→3H6跃迁峰值波长位于1.82μm处。研究表明,随着Tm3+离子浓度的增加,Tm3+离子之间发生明显的交叉弛豫过程(3H4→3F4,3F4→3H6),从而使得1.82μm处荧光强度明显增强,但当掺杂浓度进一步增加达到一定程度后,基于三能级稀土离子的浓度猝灭效应,该荧光强度明显降低。研究计算了氟锆酸盐玻璃中Tm3+…3F4→3H6跃迁对应的受激发射截面,结果表明,受激发射截面受Tm3+掺杂浓度的影响不大。     

氧化物杂质对氟锆酸盐玻璃物理性质的影响

用BaO等分子取代BaF_2的方法研究了氧化物杂质对62ZrF_4·8LaE3·32BaF_2(mol%)玻璃物理性质的影响.结果表明,杂质氧化物的存在使玻璃在6μm以后的红外透过率下降,在1350cm~(-1)附近产生附加吸收峰,使并玻璃的转变温度、析晶开始温度和粘度升高.杂质氧化物在氟锆酸盐玻璃中引起的附加吸收是由F—Zr—O键在680cm~(-1)处振动的多声子过程所引起.     

低零色散Ge-Ga-Se-CsI硫卤玻璃

从玻璃组分与玻璃光学折射率分布及零色散波长位置的影响机理出发,研究低色散卤化物对硫系玻璃的色散调控作用.制备了Ge-Ga-Se-CsI硫卤玻璃,利用差示扫描量热仪、红外椭偏仪、红外光谱仪等测试了该玻璃的物化性质,分析了原料和玻璃提纯工艺、CsI含量对玻璃形成以及透过范围的影响,并计算了该玻璃的材料色散.实验结果表明:该玻璃的透过范围可覆盖可见光至中远红外波段(0.55~18μm);该玻璃的材料零色散点随着CsI含量的增加明显蓝移,摩尔百分比为20%和40%的CsI含量可使该玻璃材料的零色散波长蓝移至3.5μm和1.5μm附近,且该玻璃的热稳定性较好,有利于低色散中红外光纤的制备和应用.结合玻璃提纯技术和高温聚合物保护拉丝光纤拉丝工艺,获得了最低损耗为8.2dB/m的单折射率硫卤玻璃光纤.     

Ho3+掺杂GeO2-Ga2O3-Li2O-BaO-La2O3玻璃的光谱和增益特性的计算

用高温熔融法制备了不同Ho3+浓度掺杂的65GeO2-12Ga2O3-8Li2O-10BaO-5La2O3-χHo2O3锗酸盐玻璃.从吸收光谱出发,应用Judd-Ofelt理论,获得了Ho3+离子的跃迁强度参量（Ω2,Ω4,Ω6）,并由此计算了Ho3+离子的自发辐射跃迁几率A,荧光分支比β,辐射能级寿命τ等光谱参量.根据McCumber理论,计算了Ho3+离子能级5I8→5I7（2.0 μm）跃迁的吸收截面和受激发射截面,同时也获得了相应的反映粒子数反转的增益截面光谱.钬掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃,其增益截面的最大值比所报道的氟锆铝酸盐玻璃大.结果表明,Ho3+掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃在2.0 μm附近波段的中红外激光器中将有一定的应用前景.     

柔性硫系玻璃光纤传像束的制备及性能研究

通过引入特征温度与硫系玻璃相匹配的高性能热塑性聚合物聚酰亚胺(PEI)作为光纤包层,结合复丝工艺制备了像素数为900的As2S3/PEI光纤传像束,表征了光纤的损耗、光纤束的断丝率、分辨率和串扰率。As2S3/PEI光纤在2~6μm波段传输性能优异,背景损耗约为0.5 d B/m,在S-H杂质对应的4.0μm波长的峰值损耗为3.5 d B/m。单丝直径为80μm、像素数为900的光纤束的断丝率为1%,分辨率为7 line/mm,串扰率为1%,通过此传像束得到了清晰的电烙铁红外图像。而且,将PEI溶于二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)后使光纤束表现出很好的柔性。采用这种类似"酸溶玻璃"的可溶于特定溶剂的热塑性聚合物,作为过渡介质,结合复丝工艺有望制备出柔性高分辨率硫系玻璃光纤传像束。     

用于1.5μm光波导放大器的高浓度Er3+掺杂玻璃

制备了用于 1.5μm光波导放大器高浓度掺杂 Er3 的氟铝酸盐、氟锆酸盐及磷酸盐玻璃。在 0 .80μm和 0 .98μm连续激光二极管激发下分析比较了这三种玻璃 1.5μm发射的光谱特性、浓度猝灭及其机制。研究表明 :由于在 0 .98μm激发下 ,激发态吸收较 0 .80μm激发下小得多 ,因而其 1.5μm荧光发射量子效率也比 0 .80μm激发下高得多 ;氟铝酸盐玻璃具有最大的荧光强度和最小的浓度猝灭效应 ,是理想的 1.5μm光波导放大器基质玻璃材料     

氟锆酸盐玻璃的γ射线辐照效应

用电子顺磁共振谱研究了在液氮温度及在室温下氟锆酸盐玻璃的γ射线辐照效应.实验结果表明,辐照后的玻璃中形成了Zr~(3+)、F_2、F~0及一种俘获氧杂质的空穴中心(标号为U)等缺陷.在低温辐照时,非桥氟的存在是产生F_2~-和F~0缺陷的原因.温度高于400K时,所有缺陷全部消失.常温下经γ射线辐照过的玻璃,在紫外区出现一个吸收峰.辐照对该玻璃的红外透过率影响不大.     

多模梯度石英光纤拉丝、涂复技术及对光、力学性能的影响

本文描述了多模梯度石英光纤的拉丝、涂杂技术及其对光纤性能影响,对于GeO_2-P_2O_5-SiO_2三元系采用该技术可望获得强度～100kpsi,0.85μm损耗～2.5db/km,1.30μm损耗～0.7db/km,丝径125±3μm的涂复均匀、同心度良好的一次涂复光纤。文后列有一批反映工艺重复性的数据。     

Er3+及Er3+/Yb3+共掺铋酸盐玻璃光谱性质研究

制备了Ed3+及Ed3+/Yb3+共掺铋酸盐玻璃,测试了样品的吸收光谱、荧光光谱.应用Judd-Oflet理论计算了Er3+在铋酸盐玻璃中的光谱强度参数,分别为Ω2=(5.47-2.92)×10-20cm2,Ω4=(2.16-1.22)×10-20cm2,Ω6=(1.29-0.80)×10-20cm2.比较了Er3+及Er3+/Yb3+共掺铋酸盐玻璃在980 nm附近的吸收截面和1.5μm的荧光发射光谱强度,Er3+/Yba+共掺铋酸盐玻璃的荧光光谱半高宽达到91 nm,比Er3+单掺铋酸盐玻璃大15 nm.用McCumber理论计算了Ed3+在1.5 μm的受激发射截面σe=1.00×10-20cm2.比较了Ed3+在不同基质中的光谱特性,结果表明铋酸盐玻璃更适合作为掺铒光纤放大器的基质材料.     

基于挤压技术的Ge-Te-Se低损耗芯-包结构光纤的制备及其性能

采用化学和物理提纯法制备出透光性较好的高纯度Ge20Te20Se60和Ge20Se80玻璃,分别作为光纤纤芯和包层玻璃基质.利用硫系玻璃的流变特性和黏度对温度的依赖性,用平直模具挤压法制备了完整芯包结构、低结构缺陷、椭圆度较好的光纤.研究表明:对玻璃进行相应提纯后,光纤损耗明显降低,平均损耗为8.5dB/m;在4.25μm处光纤损耗达到最低,为6.8dB/m.平直模具挤压法克服了Te玻璃易析晶的困难,所得到的Te基硫系玻璃光纤芯包层界面清晰、均匀度较好、损耗值较低、满足红外光在理想结构光纤中传输和传感的需求,在中远红外光学领域有一定的潜在应用价值.     

塑料光纤拉丝塔控制系统设计

为减小塑料光纤纤芯直径波动造成的非固有散射损耗,设计了一种新型光纤拉丝塔控制系统,详细阐述了其工作原理及软硬件实现过程。采用单片机作为核心处理部件,合理设计传感器测温电路、加热炉温度控制电路、直径测量和控制电路以及友好的人机界面。实验表明系统拉丝芯径范围宽(0.2～3mm),拉制光纤直径均匀,精度可控制在15μm以内。整个系统成本低,实用价值高,满足塑料光纤实验室研究需要,可供实际生产参考。     

Ge30Sb8Se62硫系玻璃的制备及其10.6μm低损耗空芯光子带隙光纤的设计

硫系玻璃光子晶体光纤在中远红外激光传输领域具有广阔的应用前景。制备了红外波段具有优良透过特性的Ge30Sb8Se62硫系玻璃,并以此为基质材料设计了一种适合于高功率中红外激光传输的带隙型光子晶体光纤。利用平面波展开法和有限元法分析了不同结构下该光纤的光子带隙、模场面积和限制损耗特性。通过优化光纤的结构参数,获得了在10.6μm处限制损耗小于0.1dB/m的大模场(模场面积大于100μm2)光子晶体光纤。     

Optimization of the dimensions of an Yb(3+):ZBLANP optical fiber sample for laser cooling of solids

We propose a theoretical model for an optimized fiber structure for use in anti-Stokes laser cooling of solids. The sample is an optical fiber fabricated from a fluorozirconate glass ZBLANP with a core doped with Yb(3+) ions. The diameter of the fiber core is optimized to achieve the largest temperature change in the sample. It is shown that for each value of the pump power there is an optimized diameter of the fiber core, which permits the largest drop in the temperature of the sample.     

Experimental study of an elliptical-core photonic bandgap fiber with thin core wall and high aspect ratio and its birefringence characteristics

We fabricate an elliptical hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (EC-PBGF) with a core-wall thickness of 65 nm and an aspect ratio of 1.4. The core is expanded by applying positive pressure in the hollow-core region during the fiber-drawing process. Both the reduction of core-wall thickness and the increase of aspect ratio result in the enhancement of optical properties in terms of a low attenuation loss and group birefringence. The minimum loss and group birefringence of the fabricated EC-PBGF2 are measured to be 0.1 dB/m and 0.012, respectively.     

Loss measurements in graded-index compound-glass fibers

The optical fiber scattering loss coefficient is measured directly in a scattering sphere or deduced indirectly from total loss measurements. The results show agreement for graded-index silica-based fibers, but they seem conflicting for graded-index compound-glass fibers. This is explained from the diffusion-controlled refractive index profile and the ensuing mode-dependent scattering and absorption loss due to the different optical properties of core and cladding glass. Using this model the two-lengths total loss measurement method is discussed. A detailed experiment is described that convincingly illustrates the mode of operation of the scattering sphere as used in daily practice. The wavelength-independent term in the total loss, different for fibers drawn from the same glass, is explained as being scattering partly due to 1-mode mixing of modes with the same β by imperfections that affect high-1-modes predominantly. The total loss of the glasses to be investigated can be measured using low NA excited silicone-clad fibers and safely can be decomposed into scattering and absorption contributions.     

Laser cooling of a solid by 65K starting from room temperature

In vacuo laser cooling of a solid from 301 to 236 K has been demonstrated. The sample consists of a cladded, multimode optical fiber fabricated from the fluorozirconate glass ZBLANP; the fiber's waveguiding core is doped with 1 wt. % Yb(3+) ions. Cooling of the host glass results from anti-Stokes fluorescence of Yb(3+) following optical pumping in the long-wavelength tail of the ion's absorption spectrum (lambda=1015nm) . Measurement of the time constant for equilibration of the sample temperature is in excellent agreement with an analytic calculation of this quantity.     

Near-infrared sources in the 1–1.3 μm region by efficient stimulated Raman emission in glass fibers

Low-loss glass fiber waveguides are found to be excellent media for Raman lasers and amplifiers in the near-infrared region of the spectrum. Multiwavelength emission in the 1–1.3 μm range is readily obtained by efficient stimulated Raman scattering in single-mode silica fibers. With a 1.064 μm pulsed pump of 250 W in a 175-m, 6-μm diameter single-mode silica fiber we observed four orders of Stokes radiation at 1.12 μm, 1.18 μm, 1.23 μm and 1.3 μm, respectively. Our results imply that pulsed tunable stimulated Raman emission in this wavelength region is possible using kW tunable infrared dye lasers near 1 μm as pumps. These sources are useful for studying the dispersion of glass fibers as well as for other spectroscopic applications.     

All-optical switching based on inverse Raman scattering in liquid-core optical fibers

We report on a new platform for all-optical switching based on inverse Raman scattering in liquids. Narrowband switching, which could be suitable for wavelength-division-multiplexed applications, is demonstrated using integrated liquid-core optical fiber infiltrated with both neat liquids (CCl(4) and CS(2)) as well as an organic chromophore (β-carotene) dissolved in CCl(4). Compared to standard glass optical fibers, these liquids have much larger Raman loss coefficients, which help reduce the pump power by at least an order of magnitude. Further improvements can be expected with the development of highly soluble organic compounds possessing large Raman cross sections.     

基于增强瑞利反馈的单模窄线宽随机激光器

仿真说明了单模光纤(SMF)中瑞利散射(RS)的机理, 指出纤芯掺杂的不均匀性以及拉丝过程引起的光纤几何尺寸的随机变化是光纤中RS产生的主要原因, 并以此为基础制作了损耗为0.54 dB/km的散射光纤. 在通信波段, 5 km该散射光纤的瑞利背向散射(RBS)强度高于相同长度的SMF-28近5 dB. 在基于RBS单模随机激光器的数值模拟中, 大量的具有随机幅度和相位的纵模在经历不平坦增益的多次放大之后, 只有在增益最大点附近的模式能够克服损耗成为输出模式. 实验中以掺铒光纤作为增益介质, 500 m散射光纤提供随机反馈, 窄带布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)作为波长选择器件, 得到线宽约3.5 kHz、对比度近50 dB的单模激光输出. 与采用相同长度SMF-28的随机激光器相比, 其阈值电流降低了80 mA, 相同抽运条件下的最大输出功率提高了3 dBm. 该单模窄线宽随机激光器的输出波长的调谐特性仅由FBG的中心波长决定.     

一种带葡萄柚空气孔的高双折射ZrF_4-BaF_2-LaF_3-AlF_3-NaF光子准晶光纤

提出了一种具有二重对称性的ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF(ZBLAN)氟化物玻璃基的光子准晶光纤.光纤结构是以ZBLAN氟化物玻璃为背景材料,外包层由圆形空气孔以正方形与正三角形分布组成的基本单元构成,在芯区两侧引入两个对称的葡萄柚空气孔,以增加光纤的双折射.应用全矢量有限元法,研究了光纤的双折射和限制损耗特性与结构参数的关系.通过优化光纤结构参数,在1800—2200 nm的波长范围内获得了具有单模传输特性的高双折射光纤,其模式双折射高达10-2,比普通保偏光纤高出两个数量级,与目前报道的采用椭圆空气孔微结构光纤获得的高双折射具有同样的量级.但与具有椭圆空气孔微结构光纤相比,提出的光纤结构更易于制作.研究结果为开辟2μm波段光器件的研究做出了有益的探索.