布里渊-掺铒光纤随机光纤激光器输出特性分析

设计了一种基于受激布里渊散射和掺铒光纤混合增益的随机光纤激光器,该激光器选用两段长为20km的单模光纤组成全开放腔结构,利用单模光纤的瑞利散射提供随机光反馈.研究表明,固定布里渊泵浦波长和泵浦功率分别为1 550.00nm和2.19mW时,增加掺铒光纤泵浦功率,可以实现两个波长的随机激光输出,一阶和二阶受激布里渊散射光与布里渊泵浦光波长间隔分别约为0.088nm和0.174nm,产生一阶和二阶受激布里渊散射对应的掺铒光纤泵浦功率分别为190mW和370mW;当掺铒光纤泵浦功率为433mW时,激光器两端的最大输出功率为1.60mW和1.68mW.当掺铒光纤泵浦功率明显高于阈值功率时,获得的一阶和二阶随机激光输出稳定,3dB线宽约为0.022nm,峰值强度和位置基本不随时间而变化.     

基于多模光纤滤波器的可调谐掺铒光纤激光器

研究了一种新型、全光纤、宽带可调谐环形腔掺铒光纤激光器。该激光器利用由单模-多模-单模光纤组成的滤波器实现波长可调谐及激光器的全光纤结构。该滤波器将多模光纤缠绕在偏振控制器上,两端分别与一段单模光纤相连,通过调整偏振控制器的状态,实现了中心波长1542～1560nm的不同激光输出。单波长连续可调谐激光器的波长可调范围为18nm,边模抑制比大于40dB,3dB线宽为0.096nm;进一步调整偏振控制器的状态和抽运功率,实验同时得到了连续可调谐的双波长、三波长等多波长激光输出。对于可调谐的多波长激光器,通过调整偏振控制器的状态,可实现波长间隔及输出中心波长两者可调。     

单纵模布里渊掺铒光纤激光器的实验研究

提出了一种具有多环形腔(MRC)和光纤布拉格光栅可调谐滤波器(FBG-TF)相结合的单纵模布里渊掺铒光纤激光器(BEDFL).实验中通过观察激光器输出光的拍频信号分析其光谱精细结构,分别讨论了布里渊增益、FBG-TF、MRC对BEDFL单模输出的贡献,给出了激光器的功率特性曲线和波长稳定性测试图.实验得到了在1550 nm处功率为4 dBm,信噪比(SNR)>60 dB,线宽小于1.5 kHz的稳定单纵模输出光.     

全固双层芯色散补偿光子晶体光纤的研究与设计

为了补偿光纤色散对高速信号传输的限制,提出一种全固双层芯色散补偿光子晶体光纤.首先对该光纤模式耦合特性进行理论分析,然后利用多极法进行模拟计算,得到该光纤包层结构参数与色散值以及相位匹配波长之间的关系,并对其规律进行研究.通过优化光纤结构参数,得到在1 550nm处,色散值达到-32 620ps/(nm·km)、损耗为0.29dB/km、与标准单模光纤的熔接损耗为4.77dB的色散补偿光纤.该光纤可补偿1 910多倍长度的SMF-28单模光纤的色散,补偿能力远大于常规色散补偿光纤.与空气孔-石英结构色散补偿光子晶体光纤相比,全固色散补偿光子晶体光纤具有易制备、易与传统通信光纤熔接等优点.     

波长无啁啾调谐窄线宽掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器

用相位掩模法, 在圆形掺Yb3+双包层光纤上制作了Bragg光纤光栅,并用它作为双包层光纤激光器的输出腔镜, 在光栅反射中心波长1055.2 nm位置得到了窄线宽的激光输出, FWHM为0.271 nm, 信噪比约为40 dB.这种结构的双包层光纤激光器, 在双包层增益光纤和后腔镜间没有连接损耗, 减小了双包层光纤激光器体积. 用自行制作的等强度梁对作为输出腔镜的光纤光栅做双向应力调谐, 实现了激光波长无啁啾调谐输出, 调谐范围1051.1~1060.04nm,调谐量达8.9nm, 调谐过程中激光3 dB线宽基本无变化.     

全固态双层芯结构色散补偿微结构光纤

提出了一种全固态双层芯结构色散补偿微结构光纤。该光纤以纯石英材料为基底,通过引入一种掺锗高折射率石英柱和两种掺氟/硼的低折射率石英柱,对端面折射率分布进行调节,以形成双芯结构。在对此光纤模式演化及耦合特性理论分析的基础上,利用多极法对其模式耦合位置与强度随光纤结构参数变化的关系进行了分析,对色散特性与光纤结构参数之间的变化关系进行了研究。通过优化光纤结构参数,设计出两种光纤:光纤1在1550nm处色散值达-8465ps/(nm·km),与SMF-28单模光纤熔接损耗仅为1.89dB,可对长度为其500倍的SMF-28单模光纤的色散值进行补偿;光纤2与SMF-28单模光纤的熔接损耗仅为1.41dB,可对长度为其15.5倍的SMF-28单模光纤在C波段的色散值进行补偿,最大残余色散绝对值仅为1.38ps/nm。与石英-空气孔微结构光纤相比,所提出的全固态色散补偿微结构光纤易制备且易与传统通信光纤熔接。     

高功率单模Er~(3+)∶Yb~(3+)共掺双包层光纤激光器

给出了单模输出的铒镱共掺双包层光纤激光器(EYDCFL)的数值分析及最新实验结果.基于速率方程及功率传输方程,对单模EYDCFL进行数值分析,从理论上对其性能进行优化.然后,在相同条件下进行了EYDCFL的实验研究.描述了输出激光功率随入纤泵浦功率和光纤长度的变化以及输出激光波长随光纤长度的变化.在光纤长度为6.3m时,获得了波长为1566nm、最大功率为2.2W的单模激光输出,整体光-光转换效率22%,这是目前国内用该类光纤获得的最高单模输出功率.     

基于受激布里渊散射的波长间隔可变多波长光纤激光器

提出了一个基于自激发受激布里渊散射的波长间隔可变多波长光纤激光器.利用单模光纤中自激发产生的非线性布里渊增益和掺铒光纤的线性增益组成混合增益光纤激光器,从而使光纤激光器在室温下产生稳定的多波长输出.改变双折射光纤环镜滤波器中保偏光纤的长度,可以实现波长间隔可变多波长激光产生,提高了多波长光纤激光器操作的灵活性和实用性.实验实现了波长间隔从0.8nm至0.076nm可变的多波长激光产生,波长数随波长间隔减小而增加,间隔为0.08nm的激光波长数达86.     

基于受激布里渊散射的波长间隔可变多波长光纤激光器

提出了一个基于自激发受激布里渊散射的波长间隔可变多波长光纤激光器.利用单模光纤中自激发产生的非线性布里渊增益和掺铒光纤的线性增益组成混合增益光纤激光器,从而使光纤激光器在室温下产生稳定的多波长输出.改变双折射光纤环镜滤波器中保偏光纤的长度,可以实现波长间隔可变多波长激光产生,提高了多波长光纤激光器操作的灵活性和实用性.实验实现了波长间隔从0.8 nm至0.076 nm可变的多波长激光产生,波长数随波长间隔减小而增加,间隔为0.08 nm的激光波长数达86.     

2μm波段双波长间隔可调谐光纤激光器

提出并实验研究了一种2μm波段全光纤间隔可调双波长光纤激光器.该激光器采用传统的环形腔设计,以最大输出功率33dBm的1 565nm光纤激光器为泵浦源,4m单模掺铥光纤为增益介质,腔内为嵌入多模干涉滤波器的Sagnac环的复合滤波结构.该复合滤波器可实现间隔可调谐,高边模抑制比的双波长激光信号输出.通过泵浦功率的控制和对复合滤波器中偏振控制器的调节,实现双波长3nm到80nm间隔可调的激光输出,边模抑制比为60dB,线宽为0.2nm,功率稳定度为±1.5dB/h,双峰能量差小于4dB.     

Grating-Outcoupled Radiation in Second-Order Fiber Bragg Gratings

Abstract

The experimental results of the radiation for second-order fiber Bragg gratings, which are made of a single-mode photosensitive fiber (PS-1500; Fiber-Core Corp.) and a single-mode fiber (SMF-28; Corning Inc.), by a phase mask writing fabrication technique are explored. For PS-1500 fiber Bragg gratings, the maximum radiation efficiency of ?23.5 dB at resonance λ = 1,539.34 nm with a very narrow bandwidth (about 0.02 nm) are measured from a 10-mm-diameter photo-detector, while for SMF-28 fiber Bragg gratings, the maximum radiation efficiency is ?34.6 dB (λ = 1,538.03 nm) with a bandwidth of 0.06 nm. The total efficiencies of the radiation are about ?16.8 dB for PS-1500 fiber Bragg gratings and ?28.1 dB for SMF-28 fiber Bragg gratings.     

A self-gain random distributed feedback fiber laser based on stimulated Rayleigh scattering

We reported a narrow linewidth (~ 4 kHz) fiber laser with a mirror-less open cavity based on stimulated Rayleigh scattering (STRS) in a non-uniform fiber. Because of its variable core size and dispersion along the fiber, the threshold of the stimulated Brillouin scattering was increased by ~ 7 dB compared with that of conventional single mode fiber, which allows higher order Rayleigh scattering. The self-gain is initiated by the spontaneous Rayleigh scattering and amplified via STRS, and the distributed feedback mechanism is formed by different orders of Rayleigh scattering counter-propagating as the “random mirror reflection” in the non-uniform fiber.     

Single-transverse-mode output from a fiber laser based on multimode interference

An alternative original approach to achieve single-transverse-mode laser emissions from multimode (MM) active fibers is demonstrated. The fiber cavity is constructed by simply splicing a conventional passive single-mode fiber (SMF-28) onto a few centimeters-long active MM fiber section whose length is precisely controlled. Owing to the self-imaging property of multimode interference (MMI) in the MM fiber, diffraction-limited laser output is obtained from the end of the SMF-28, and the MMI fiber laser is nearly as efficient as the corresponding MM fiber laser. Moreover, because of the spectral filtering effect during in-phase MMI, the bandwidth of the MMI fiber laser is below 0.5 nm.     

Random distributed feedback fiber laser pumped by an ytterbium doped fiber laser

A random distributed feedback fiber laser operating at 1115 nm has been demonstrated experimentally in standard communication optical fibers by using a LD-pumped Yb-doped fiber laser as the pump source. We have studied the effect of different fiber spans on this new type of random fiber laser output power. It is shown that the generation power is the highest up to 198 mW in a 50 km fiber span. The slope efficiency is more than 28.7%. Stable, high-power continuous-wave (CW) lasing can be generated when the pump power is 3.6 W. The threshold power has also been calculated which well proves a random fiber laser operating via Rayleigh scattering, amplified through the Raman scattering.     

Random distributed feedback Raman fiber laser operating in a 1.2 μm wavelength range

The random distributed feedback fiber laser operating via the stimulated Raman scattering and random distributed feedback based on the Rayleigh scattering is demonstrated in the 1.2 μm frequency band. The RDFB fiber laser generates at 1174 nm up to 2.4 W of output power with corresponding slope efficiency more than 30%. The output radiation has the spectral shape similar to the conventional Raman fiber lasers and spectral width less than 1.7 nm.     

Amplification effect on SBS and Rayleigh scattering in the backward pumped distributed fiber Raman amplifier

The amplification effect on stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） and Rayleigh scattering in the backward pumped G652 fiber Raman amplifier （FRA） is studied. The pump source is a 1427.2-nm fiber Raman laser whose power is tunable between 0 - 1200 mW, and the signal source is a tunable narrow spectral bandwidth （〈 10 MHz） external cavity laser （ECL）. The Rayleigh scattering lines are amplified by the FRA and Stokes SBS lines are amplified by the FRA and the fiber Brillouin amplifier. The total gain of SBS lines is the production of the gain of Raman amplifier and that of Brillouin amplifier. In experiment, the SBS gain is about 42 dB and the saturation gain of 25-km G652 backward FRA is about 25 dB, so the gain of fiber Brillouin amplifier is about 17 dB.     

Random distributed feedback fibre lasers

The concept of random lasers exploiting multiple scattering of photons in an amplifying disordered medium in order to generate coherent light without a traditional laser resonator has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. This research area lies at the interface of the fundamental theory of disordered systems and laser science. The idea was originally proposed in the context of astrophysics in the 1960s by V.S. Letokhov, who studied scattering with “negative absorption” of the interstellar molecular clouds. Research on random lasers has since developed into a mature experimental and theoretical field. A simple design of such lasers would be promising for potential applications. However, in traditional random lasers the properties of the output radiation are typically characterized by complex features in the spatial, spectral and time domains, making them less attractive than standard laser systems in terms of practical applications. Recently, an interesting and novel type of one-dimensional random laser that operates in a conventional telecommunication fibre without any pre-designed resonator mirrors–random distributed feedback fibre laser–was demonstrated. The positive feedback required for laser generation in random fibre lasers is provided by the Rayleigh scattering from the inhomogeneities of the refractive index that are naturally present in silica glass. In the proposed laser concept, the randomly backscattered light is amplified through the Raman effect, providing distributed gain over distances up to 100 km. Although an effective reflection due to the Rayleigh scattering is extremely small (∼0.1%), the lasing threshold may be exceeded when a sufficiently large distributed Raman gain is provided. Such a random distributed feedback fibre laser has a number of interesting and attractive features. The fibre waveguide geometry provides transverse confinement, and effectively one-dimensional random distributed feedback leads to the generation of a stationary near-Gaussian beam with a narrow spectrum. A random distributed feedback fibre laser has efficiency and performance that are comparable to and even exceed those of similar conventional fibre lasers. The key features of the generated radiation of random distributed feedback fibre lasers include: a stationary narrow-band continuous modeless spectrum that is free of mode competition, nonlinear power broadening, and an output beam with a Gaussian profile in the fundamental transverse mode (generated both in single mode and multi-mode fibres).     

基于大功率超窄线宽单模光纤激光器的φ-光时域反射计光纤分布式传感系统

提出了一种基于大功率超窄线宽单模光纤激光器的φ-光时域反射计光纤分布式传感系统.传感光缆采用普通单模光纤制成的直径3 mm的细光缆,并埋设于室外.入侵者走在光缆上面或附近产生的压力(振动)导致光纤中瑞利散射光相位发生变化,由于干涉作用,光相位变化将引起光强度的变化,通过实时将当前时刻的φ-光时域反射计后向瑞利散射信号与其前一时刻(时间间隔0.1 s)的后向瑞利散射信号连续相减检测这种干涉效应来定位入侵位置.经适当的数据处理后,该传感系统定位精度可达到50 m(为目前报道的φ-光时域反射计传感系统最高定位精度),定位范围可达到14 km,信噪比约为12 dB,且灵敏度较高.该系统可望能广泛用于军事基地、国界、核设施及监狱等重要场所的安全防范.     

Watt-level, all-fiber supercontinuum source based on telecom-grade fiber components

Supercontinuum (SC) generation in a standard telecom fiber using 1 ns pulses of a 1,550-nm DFB laser amplified in a cascade of erbium and erbium/ytterbium fiber amplifiers is reported. The SC source operated at 200 kHz repetition rate and delivered up to 2 W of average output power in the band of 1,300–2,500 nm with a diffraction limited beam. For the wavelengths over 1,650 nm, the output power of 1.1 W was recorded. The spectrum was very flat with the flatness of <5 dB in the wavelength interval of 1.6–2.18 μm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on W-level SC generation obtained only in a standard single-mode fiber (SMF-28) with almost the entire spectrum in the eye-safe spectral region (λ > 1.4 μm) permitted by silicate glass transparency.