用吊环和∏型金属框拉膜测量液体表面张力系数的讨论

为了讨论拉脱法测量液体表面张力时用吊环和用∏型金属框拉膜的测量结果,在不同温度下分别对纯净水、乙醇和甘油三种常见液体的表面张力系数进行了测量,得出了吊环和∏型金属框各有优点,但用吊环测量的数据稳定性要优于∏型金属框。     

对FD-NST-I型液体表面张力系数测量仪的改进

根据吊环法测量液体表面张力系数实验原理,针对现有的FD-NST-1型液体表面张力系数测量仪的不足进行改进.另外在仪器上增加样品加热装置,可以对不同温度下的液体表面张力系数进行测量.通过实验对比得出:改进后的实验装置操作方便、实验误差小,重复性好.     

液体表面张力系数实验装置的改进

对现有吊环法液体表面张力系数测量仪的水平调节装置、吊环升降装置存在的不足进行了改进,在原有仪器上增加了液体加热装置,以便对不同温度下的液体表面张力系数进行测量,实验说明新的实验装置更加科学合理.通过实验对比得出:新的实验装置操作方便、实验误差小、重复性好,有推广价值.     

液体表面张力系数测量装置的改进

对用力敏传感器测量液体表面张力系数仪器进行研究,重新设计了吊环,便于吊环的水平调节,对待侧液体表面均匀下降的方法和实验装置做了重新设计,减小了实验误差,同时增加了待测液体的变温控制,能够精确测量液体表面张力系数与温度的关系,扩充了实验内容.     

拉脱法测表面张力系数测量值不稳定的原因分析与验证

拉脱法测量液体表面张力系数实验中,采用薄壁(0.6 mm)吊环和标准(1.0 mm)吊环,测量值相对稳定;但对于较厚壁(1.5,2.0,2.5 mm)吊环,每次测量值差别很大.通过手机拍摄视频,对不同时刻的液膜形状进行理论和实验分析,发现测量值不稳定的主要原因是颈缩突变,即拉伸过程中,液膜收缩从吊环外壁突变到内壁的程度不同,导致后续液膜断裂点的位置相差非常大,造成测量值的起伏不定.因此需将吊环平均直径替换为断裂时的液膜直径,对测量值进行修正.结果表明：修正后的表面张力系数与理论值的误差减小到了4.0%以内,验证了理论分析的正确性.     

液体表面张力系数测量的分析

针对学生在利用FD-NST-I型液体表面张力系数测定仪测量液体表面张力系数时,对何时读取数字电压表的示数存在争议,通过对吊环离开液面后液膜拉脱过程的5个阶段的受力分析、液膜拉脱过程的数学讨论以及微观解释三个方面对该实验数据的最佳读取时刻进行分析讨论以及对实验数据的对比分析,得出在测量时应该读取的是数字电压表在吊环拉脱液膜过程中的最大值。     

提高液体表面张力系数测量准确度的方法

本文给出了提高液体表面张力系数测量准确度的实验方法.通过切削的办法,使得砝码盘的质量小于吊环的质量,保证了电压表的示数都在定标范围之内;通过分析得出为什么在液膜拉断瞬间读取电压值,使得测量更合理,结果更精确.     

液体表面张力系数测定仪器的改进

对FD-NST-I型液体表面张力系数测定仪进行了改进,把单金属吊环改为用绝缘体接起的入水通电吊环,把玻璃容器更换为双层变温水池,利用STM32来进行力敏传感器数据的输出和对液体温度的控制,可以有效地减小误差和更好研究温度对此液体表面张力系数的影响.     

对FD-NST-Ⅰ型液体表面张力系数测定仪附件吊环改进的设计

FD-NST-Ⅰ型液体表面张力系数测定仪附件吊环水平调试仅凭感觉判断吊环下沿是否水平，作者提出对吊环改进的设计，改进后的仪器成本增加不大，又能使得实验操作有科学依据，符合科学精神和科学态度。     

不同泥沙含量河水的表面张力系数测定

表面张力系数的测量方法有很多，其中拉脱法是简单有效的一种，本实验基于拉脱法通过改变河水泥沙含量、温度进行表面张力系数测量，以探究泥沙含量、温度的变化是否会对液体表面张力系数的测量值造成影响，并对比分析在澄清和悬浊状态下河水表面张力系数的变化情况。通过对实验结果分析可知，液体表面张力测量值与泥沙含量、温度变化有关，河水在悬浊状态下的表面张力系数整体上大于澄清状态下的表面张力系数。     

Breakup of liquid filaments

Whether a thin filament of liquid separates into two or more droplets or eventually condenses lengthwise to form a single larger drop depends on the liquid's density, viscosity, and surface tension and on the initial dimensions of the filament. Surface tension drives two competing processes, pinching-off and shortening, and the relative time scales of these, controlled by the balance between capillary and viscous forces, determine the final outcome. Here we provide experimental evidence for the conditions under which a liquid filament will break up into drops, in terms of a wide range of two dimensionless quantities: the aspect ratio of the filament and the Ohnesorge number. Filaments which do not break up into multiple droplets demand a high liquid viscosity or a small aspect ratio.     

Capillarity driven instability of a soft solid

We report the observation of a Plateau instability in a thin filament of solid gel with a very small elastic modulus. A longitudinal undulation of the surface of the cylinder reduces its area thereby triggering capillary instability, but is counterbalanced by elastic forces following the deformation. This competition leads to a nontrivial instability threshold for a solid cylinder. The ratio of surface tension to elastic modulus defines a characteristic length scale. The onset of linear instability is when the radius of the cylinder is one-sixth of this length scale, in agreement with theory presented here.     

Metamaterial absorber based on circular ring structure with and without copper lines

This paper presents the analysis of circular ring metamaterial absorber with the existing of copper lines. The structure is designed using lossy FR4 substrate with thin copper layers. The circular ring shape with copper lines is printed on the top surface of FR4 substrate, while at the bottom surface is printed with full copper ground plane. Parametric study is done to investigate the effect of copper lines on the resonance frequency. From the simulation, the circular ring metamaterial absorber with vertical copper lines can resonates at lower frequency, but this structure is polarized sensitive. This drawback can be improved by adding horizontal copper lines together with the vertical copper lines. The circular ring structure with vertical and horizontal copper lines is not only polarization insensitive, but it can works at wide operating angle of incident waves.     

自持铝薄膜的工艺和特性研究

铝薄膜在像管中起重要作用。为了提高像管的性能 ,需要对自持铝薄膜的特性加以研究。利用静电贴膜技术制备了自持铝薄膜 ,测量了 5 0nm厚自持铝薄膜入射面的背散射系数和二次发射系数以及出射面的一次电子透射系数和二次发射系数。对于高能一次入射电子 ,自持铝薄膜的背散射系数很小 ,透射系数很大 ,二次发射系数较小。自持铝薄膜在本质上不影响像管的MTF ,由其出射面发射的二次电子对像管亮度有增强作用     

Single and multiple shot near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse ablation thresholds of copper

The single-shot ablation threshold and incubation coefficient of copper were investigated using an amplified near-infrared, femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. To date, the near-infrared femtosecond ablation threshold of copper has been reported in the range of several hundred millijoules per cm² based primarily on multiple shot ablation studies. A careful study of the single shot ablation threshold for copper was carried out yielding an incident single-shot ablation threshold of (1.06±0.12) J/cm² for a clean copper foil surface. This was determined by measuring the diameters of the ablation spots as a function of the laser pulse energy using scanning electron microscopy for spatially Gaussian laser spots. When multiple shots were taken on the same spot, a reduction in ablation threshold was observed, consistent with a multiple shot incubation coefficient of 0.76±0.02. Similar experiments on 250 nm and 500 nm copper thin films sputtered on a silicon substrate demonstrated that scaling the threshold values with the absorbance of energy at the surface yields a consistent absorbed fluence threshold for copper of (59±10) mJ/cm². This absorbed threshold value is consistent with the expected value from a two-temperature model for the heating of copper with an electron-lattice coupling constant of g=10¹⁷ Wm^-3 K^-1. Single-shot rippling of the surface in the threshold ablation intensity regime was also observed for the foil target but not for the smooth thin film target. PACS 61.80.Ba; 61.82.Bg     

用力敏传感器测量乙醇水溶液的表面张力系数与浓度的关系

用硅压阻式力敏传感器测量了纯水、乙醇的表面张力系数，并测量了不同浓度的乙醇水溶液的表面张力系数，得到了乙醇水溶液的表面张力系数随浓度的变化曲线．     

Effect of surface film on sliding friction and wear of copper-impregnated metallized carbon against a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy

A block-on-ring wear test was performed between a copper-impregnated metallized carbon brush and a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy ring under ambient environment. After 50 km of rubbing at 20 A electrical current and 111 kPa normal pressure at a constant velocity of 25 km/h, a surface film, which was composed of Cu₂O, CuO, C and water, formed on the copper alloy ring due to graphite transfer from the brush to the copper alloy and oxidation of the copper. A second series of friction and wear tests was carried out both with and without this initial surface film and at different electrical currents. The friction coefficient and wear mass loss were compared. The results showed that the initial surface film could reduce the friction coefficient in the presence of an electrical current, but in the absence of an electrical current, the film's lubricating performance gradually degraded as the test progressed. Wear mass losses caused by the rubbing of the brushes against the rings having an initial surface film were lower when the electrical currents were 0 A, 10 A and 15 A, respectively, while the situation was reversed when the electrical current was 20 A, i.e., the wear mass loss of the brush specimen rubbing against a ring with an initial surface film was higher than that of a ring without it.     

Buoyancy-driven breakup of an isolated drop with surfactant

At moderate values of the surface Peclet number and the dimensionless gas constant, a surfactant-covered, isolated drop that is initially spherical can undergo large deformations and eventually break in inertialess gravitational motion. A long, thin filament forms, extending from the trailing edge of the drop, with a breakup mechanism that is similar to tip streaming. In the range of parameters studied, the emitted drop has an equivalent spherical radius between 0.01 to 0.03 of the original drop radius and an interfacial tension from 0.2 to 0.6 of the clean-interface value.