高温超导带材焊接接头电阻研究

针对高温超导一代Bi2223/Ag带材、二代YBCO带材的焊接问题,理论计算分析了搭接长度、焊锡层厚度对带材接头电阻的影响,并对焊接长度对接头电阻的影响进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:增加焊接搭接长度可以减小接头电阻,两种超导带材的接头电阻皆同焊接搭接长度成反比。当焊接长度在3—5cm,焊料厚度在微米量级时,Bi2223/Ag带材、YBCO带材各自之间的接头电阻在液氮温度下均可控制在10-8Ω左右,能够满足超导装置稳定运行的要求。     

HTS电流引线中接头电阻的研究和焊接工艺

针对Bi-2223/Ag-Au高温超导带材制造的二元HTS电流引线设计中不同材料之间连接的技术要求,设计了减小接头电阻的焊接工艺实验,包括焊接温度、焊料、搭接长度和焊锡层厚度对接头电阻的影响。着重分析了HTS电流引线中应用的三种接头的焊接工艺对焊接电阻的影响,并总结出在HTS电流引线中接头电阻的焊接工艺参数。     

Bi-2223带材有阻焊接接头电阻特性的研究

本文针对Bi-2223/Ag带材接头有阻焊接展开研究,考虑大电流时超导I~V特性非线性影响,建立焊接接头电阻特性的有限元计算模型,总结出不同搭接距离和焊锡层厚度对接头电阻的影响规律,并着重分析了接头电阻对临界电流的影响,最终通过实验验证了理论分析得到的一些基本规律.为降低Bi-2223/Ag带材接头电阻对高温超导磁体运行时的不利影响,实际焊接时搭接距离应保证在7~10cm以上.     

高温超导带材接头焊接技术研究

焊接技术是高温超导带材实际应用中的关键技术,焊接温度、焊料、搭接长度等工艺环节对带材接头性能都有一定的影响.本文针对高温超导一代Bi2223/Ag带材和二代YBCO带材的接头焊接工艺进行了系统的实验研究,包括焊接温度对带材性能的影响、不同焊料及搭接长度对接头性能的影响等.实验结果表明:一代Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材在400℃焊接温度以内载流能力不会发生明显退化,而二代YBCO带材对温度较敏感,在200℃以上带材性能会出现明显退化;在Bi2223/Ag及YBCO带材各自的焊接温区内,不同焊料对带材接头性能有一定的影响,但液氮温度下接头电阻均能达到10-8Ω量级,其临界电流与带材短样相比无太大变化;两种超导带材的接头电阻均与焊接搭接长度成反比,适当增加焊接搭接长度可以减小接头电阻,提高带材接头性能.     

Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材连接技术的研究

钎焊连接是Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材实际应用最多的连接工艺,包括焊接温度、焊料和中间层设计等工艺环节.本文首先对PIT工艺制备的Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材开展了热处理温度-Ic影响试验,通过实验筛选出适合Bi系带材的焊接加热温度.用Sn96CuAg 、Sn60PbAg、Sn60PbSb等三种焊料进行了Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材钎焊实验,研究了钎焊工艺对焊接接头低温电阻影响,建立焊接接头电阻数学表达公式,并利用数学模型讨论了焊接中间层设计优化问题.     

二代YBCO带材接头电学性能低温实验研究

针对第二代YBCO高温超导带材接头进行相关电学性能测试,根据对YBCO带材与其他材料焊接接头模型进行电流转移分析,得出接头电阻与YBCO焊接面的电阻率、焊料种类有关。再进行YBCO带材临界电流测试,YBCO二层叠临界电流测试,YBCO带材不同搭接方式的临界电流以及接触电阻测试和不同焊料对YBCO带材接触电阻影响的实验,实验得出YBCO带材的接触电阻与焊料的选择无关,与焊接面有关。     

高温超导带材的焊接直角接头电阻研究

为了研究高温超导材料在储能装置中的应用,开展了高温超导D型磁铁的研究。针对高温超导一代Bi2223/Ag带材和二代YBCO带材的直角接头焊接问题,理论分析焊锡层厚度和带材焊接根数对直角接头电阻值的影响。当焊接参数保持稳定时,直角接头的电阻值和焊接根数大致成反比,对带材焊接根数对直角接头电阻的影响进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,可以通过增加带材的焊接根数来有效减小接头电阻,当焊接根数为5,且焊料厚度在微米量级时,两种带材各自之间的直角接头电阻值在液氮温度下均可控制在10-8Ω左右,能够满足装置稳定运行的要求。     

第二代高温超导带材焊接及力学性能研究

第二代高温超导已进入产业化初期, 尽管单根带材长度已达千米量级, 但由于千米级单根带材生产成品率偏低以及大型超导装置对带材长度实际需求远超出单根长度制备能力, 因此, 焊接技术成为高温超导大规模应用的关键技术之一. 接头电阻及其力学性能是评估焊接接头的重要技术指标. 本文提出了改进型接头和“隐形”接头两种制作方法, 并对其接头电阻以及力学性能进行了表征, 同时与常规搭接接头进行了对比分析. 结果发现,(1) 与常规搭接头相比, 改进型和“隐形”接头的厚度分别降低了15 % 和36 % , 有效减小了焊接头处和原带材厚度差异. (2) 超导面-超导面焊接, 获得接头电阻最小; 接头电阻随接头长度的增加而减小, 但幅度降低. (3) 常规搭接头、 改进型和“隐形”焊接头均具有良好的轴向抗拉性能, 通过扭转和8 天液氮浸泡后, 临界电流无衰退, 电阻保持一致. (4) 改进型和“隐形”接头的临界弯曲直径(20 mm) 与原带材(非接头处) 相当, 通过卷对卷传输法测试时接头无损伤, 而常规搭接头的临界弯曲直径(40 mm) 大于原带材, 在通过卷对卷测试时, 接头出现开裂甚至断开现象.根据具体应用场景, 选择合适接头制作方式, 对推动第二代高温超导产业化具有重要意义.     

在工频外磁场下高温超导体的交流损耗

在工频外磁场条件下,研究了不同工艺的Bi-2223/Ag带和Cu位元素替代的YBa₂Cu_3-xSn_xO_y超导体的交流损耗.实验结果表明：在单芯Bi-2223/Ag带中,热处理时间、温度及超导芯厚度的增加都将增加Bi-2223相的含量,因而导致磁滞损耗增加.将单芯带细分成19芯Bi-2223/Ag带能减少磁滞损耗,但另一方面,超导芯间的耦合增加了银基体的涡流损耗,因此19芯带的损耗只比单芯带减少20%左右.在YBa关键词：     

ITER电流引线高温超导叠制作工艺及性能测试

ITER高温超导电流引线载流能力最大要达到68 kA,一根电流引线共需要1000多根银金基Bi-2223高温超导带并联.这些高温超导带分成90叠,每叠由12层带组成.银金基Bi-2223带价格是普通银基Bi系带的4～5倍,而目前欧洲超导公司提供的超导叠的报价几乎是其带价格加倍,所以开发超导叠的制作工艺是非常有价值的.本文详细的介绍了超导叠的真空钎焊制作工艺,并进行了77 K下超导带的接头电阻测试和77 K自场下的临界电流测试,以及模拟在实际运行温度65～5 K条件下高温超导叠的载流能力测试和接头电阻的测试.测试结果证明了此工艺的可行性.     

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In ITER Feeder system, the superconducting joints and the current leads should use solder to weld. In this paper, Bi-2223/Ag iswelded with different kinds of solders, and the weld procedure and the measuring device are introduced in this paper. The electrical property of the superconducting joint under liquid nitrogen was also measured and the result showed that Bi50Sn9Pb31, In99.99 and high melting point solder Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5 have a lower resistance under liquid nitrogen, and satisfy the requirement for temperature gradient. This can make a reference for the solder measurement and choice of ITER Feeder system.     

Reactivity and oxygen diffusion property of resistive barriers for Bi-2223/Ag tapes

Reactivity of several oxide materials (OM) with BSCCO powder and oxygen diffusion through OM layer has been tested at temperature ≈840 °C in air. The OM (e.g.: BaZrO₃, SrCO₃, MgO and ZrO₂) showing the low or no reactivity with BSCCO have been mixed (10 wt.%) with precursor powder and used for single-core tapes. Bi-2223/Ag/OM/Ag single-core tapes with oxide barriers made of BaZrO₃, SrCO₃, ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ have been also prepared by a standard powder-in-tube technique. The used OM in the direct contact with BSCCO influences the electrical properties of Bi-2223 phase differently. These is because the oxides react with BSCCO during the heat treatment and simultaneously affect the 2212→2223 phase transformation, the Bi-2223 grain growth and so also grain connectivity. SrCO₃ powder has been evaluated as the best material from the point of no destructive effect on 2223 phase transport current property. The oxide barrier controls the oxygen diffusion during the tape heat treatment and simultaneously the HTS phase formation kinetics, its purity and content within the superconducting core. For single-core Bi-2223/Ag/OM/Ag tapes, the highest current density was measured for Al₂O₃ due to only slightly reduced oxygen diffusion through the barrier.     

Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带临界电流各向异性的实验测量及分析

本文介绍了Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带临界电流各向异性的实验测量方法及原理,指出了在不同磁场方向(与超导带面夹角)下,Bi-2223/Ag带临界电流随直流背景磁场的变化规律以及实验应注意的问题.Bi-2223/Ag带材的各向异性决定了其临界电流对垂直于带材表面的磁场非常敏感,这是该带材在高温超导磁体等强电应用方面的不利因素.     

Bi-2223高温超导带材焊接接头电阻和过电流冲击性能实验研究

特变电工股份有限公司,昌吉831100采用自行研制的装置,对不锈钢加强Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材的焊接工艺进行了系统研究,得出最佳的焊接方案.实验测量高温超导带材焊接头的直流电阻,并对带材进行了交流过电流冲击实验,冲击时间为0.5秒,每次冲击的电流依次递增,并在每次冲击后测量焊接头的电阻,直到被测带材烧毁.根据实验数据对样品在过流冲击下的动态电阻进行实验研究,得到了具有实际意义的结果.     

Soldering of Bi-2223/Ag high temperature superconducting tapes with Sn–Pb–Bi–Ag alloy paste

Soldered joints of Bi-2223/Ag-sheathed high temperature superconducting multifilamentary tapes were fabricated using 63 wt.%Sn–34 wt.%Pb–1 wt.%Bi–2 wt.%Ag paste. The soldered joints were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, the electrical properties of joints were evaluated by current–voltage curves, and the tensile strengths of the joints were also tested. The results show that the soldered joint consists of Ag sheath – Ag₃Sn compound layer – PbSn₂ and Ag₃Sn solder layer – Ag₃Sn compound layer – Ag sheath. The joints are obeyed with Ohms Law and the magnitude of the joint resistance, which deceases with the increase of the overlap length, can reach the order of 10^?8 Ω. The tensile strength of the joints with a brittle fracture mode is a little lower than that of the original tapes.     

Comparative study on the critical current performance of Bi-2223/Ag and YBCO wires in low magnetic fields at liquid nitrogen temperature

A comparative study on the critical current performance of Bi-2223/Ag and YBCO coated conductor wires in low magnetic fields at liquid nitrogen temperature was carried out in this work. Five commercial high temperature superconductor wires from different manufacturers were collected. Their critical currents were measured in magnetic fields, ranging from 0 to 0.4 T. On contrary to the common conception, the Bi-2223/Ag samples had better performance than YBCO coated conductor samples in the magnetic fields parallel to the wide surface of superconducting wires within the experimental scope. We also found similar results by collecting the concerned datum from the published literatures to confirm our measurement results. At the present stage, this fact made that the Bi-2223/Ag wires might be the preferred choice for the applications with mainly low parallel fields involved, unless other considerations were prioritized.     

一维热传播模型下高温超导带的失超特性研究

对Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材的失超传播特性进行了研究。测量了Bi-2223/Ag带材在有绝缘材料包裹和液氮浸泡环境下的电压变化曲线,同时利用一维热流方程模型,模拟出超导体失超传播过程中由超导态过渡到正常态的温度变化行为,同时还对传输电流和触发能量对失超传播速度的影响进行了实验研究。这些工作对高温超导磁体及电力系统的应用有着重要的参考价值。