全混洗交换Omega互连网络的光学实现

本文提出了一种由左、右全混洗和空间光开关列阵组成的等效Omega网络;成功地设计了一种实现全混洗互连的低损耗,等程的光学组合棱镜.由两块光学组合棱镜和空间光开关列阵组合成的光学系统实现了全混洗交换光学互连网络,该光学互连网络已在实验中得到了证实.     

榕树型互连网络及光学实现

讨论了一种用扭曲向列相液晶器件和偏振分光棱镜实现光学榕树上互连网络的结构，这种结构具有直线式传输、无错位、无缩放，并能够实现模块化和集成化的优点。     

五角棱镜光学平行差的理论分析

利用矩阵光学方法,计算得出五角棱镜两种光学平行差的解析表达式,分析五角棱镜光学平行差与工作面法向矢量夹角的矩阵关系.基于Agilent激光干涉仪角度测量系统和DHC三维转台搭建实验装置,测量了Thorlabs五角棱镜的两种光学平行差.实验和解析式计算结果偏离度不超过4%.五角棱镜滚动角、偏摆角的变化等效于五角棱镜光学平行差的变化.通过坐标系变换,五角棱镜的自身误差和系统在线测量误差可以被同时标定.该研究对五角棱镜的实际加工、测量系统标定,以及高准确度面形检测提供了参考.     

用“棱镜体”加工高精度棱镜

随着光学技术的发展,越来越需要广泛地采用高精度棱镜,这就给棱镜加工工艺提出了更高的要求。而现在,许多工厂对高精度棱镜的90°角大都采用“长方体”加工,但“长方体”不能解决棱镜任意角和同时解决两种光学平行差的精度要求。“棱镜体”就是将“长方体”加工棱镜90°角的原理推广到加工任意角棱镜的一种光学工具。     

格兰-汤普森棱镜胶合层的膜效应分析

将格兰-汤普森棱镜两半块之间的光学胶合层作为一层薄膜，利用薄膜光学理论，分析了胶合层对棱镜透射比的影响。通过研究胶合层的厚度以及光学胶折射率对入射光在胶合界面上反射率的影响，得出了s偏振光经过格兰-汤普森棱镜后的透射比。结果表明：胶合层的厚度以及光学胶折射率对棱镜的透射比均有影响，且厚度对棱镜透射比的影响呈现周期性变化；而光学胶折射率则对透射比的振荡幅度产生影响。以长度孔径比为3的格兰-汤普森棱镜为例，光学胶折射率为1．510时，棱镜的透射比在92．5％～90．8％之间振荡；光学胶的折射率在接近e光主折射率1．475～1．495之间取值时，棱镜透射比的振荡幅度较小。这一结果有利于对格兰-汤普森棱镜性能的优化。     

制作替代双棱镜的全息光学元件

制作替代双棱镜的全息光学元件刘成森（辽宁师范大学物理系大连１１６０２２）全息光学元件在很多领域可以代替传统的玻璃光学元件（１），本文提出了一种制作可以代替玻璃双棱镜的全息光学元件的方法．光路如图１所示．其中Ｌ１、Ｌ２是柱透镜，它们将平行光会聚成狭缝状...     

球棱镜及其应用

现代科技的迅速发展促进了非共轴光学系统的发展和日益广泛的应用。球棱镜是非共轴光学系统常采用的光学元件之一。合理采用球棱镜元件可以设计出一系列具有不同用途的光学系统。它们具有尺寸小、重量轻、结构紧凑等特点，并且具有共轴光学系统难以达到的一些光学性能，因而也拓宽了光学系统的应用范围。本文从非共轴光学系统出发，对球棱镜的种类和性能特点进行了阐述，并介绍了其在非共轴光学系统中的几种应用。     

直角屋脊棱镜与立方角锥棱镜的光学特性

在光学工程应用方面,常利用棱镜对光路的折转作用,完成一定的转像、检测和测量等工作。在实际应用中,考虑到棱镜加工误差对光轴产生的影响,应用动态光学理论及推导公式,分别给出直角屋脊棱镜与立方角锥棱镜的作用矩阵、特征方向和极值轴向,得出2种棱镜光轴偏差的数学模型。根据实际加工误差,进一步推导出2棱镜的理论误差,并对2棱镜的理论误差进行比较。最后得出可以用直角屋脊棱镜代替立方角锥棱镜的结论。     

三棱镜实验中入射点问题的讨论

利用几何光学原理和计算机进行模拟，对棱镜出射光线与入射点的关系进行了研究，并由MATLAB得到了入射点与棱镜顶角、材料折射率及棱镜底面边长关系的曲线图。实验结果表明，在测量三棱镜折射率及使用棱镜光谱仪时，对入射光线的入射点是有一定要求的。     

一种产生无衍射线结构光的新型光学元件

提出一种可产生无衍射线结构光的新型光学元件组合三角棱镜,由正、负等腰三角棱镜胶合在一起设计而成,其变换光束特性与单个正等腰三角棱镜相同,等效底角由正、负等腰三角棱镜底角之差决定,因此可通过较大底角的正、负等腰三角棱镜组合得到更小角度的底角,以获得更大焦深的无衍射线结构光,解决了单个正等腰三角棱镜小角度加工困难的技术问题。采用几何光学理论分析产生无衍射线结构光的原理,计算无衍射线结构光的相关参数,由衍射积分理论分析和模拟光束经过新型光学元件后的光强分布特性。实验结果表明:平面波正面入射新型光学元件可以产生具有大焦深的无衍射线结构光。     

Controlling the optical bistability and transmission coefficient in a four-level atomic medium

A novel four level atomic configuration is proposed for controlling the optical bistability and transmission coefficient with application on all-optical switching. Two circularly polarized components from a weak linearly-polarized probe beam are interacted separately by two transitions of this medium. A coherent coupling field has derived another atomic transition. It is demonstrated that the transmission coefficient of two orthogonally polarized beams at different frequencies can be achieved by adjusting the magnitude of the external magnetic field. It is found that the threshold of the optical bistability can be controlled by magnitude of the external magnetic field. Also, it is shown that optical bistability can be converted to optical multistability by switching the two orthogonally polarized beams.     

InGaAsP/InP optical waveguide switch operated by a carrier-induced change in the refractive index

Waveguided semiconductor optical switches operated by a carrier-induced change in the refractive-index associated with the plasma dispersion are proposed. InGaAsP/InP four-port switches having two intersecting single-mode channel waveguides are fabricated by selective liquid-phase epitaxy and investigated at 1.5m wavelength. Optical switching is observed as a result of mode interference in the waveguide intersection region.     

Dual-channel all-optical switching with tunable frequency in a five-level double-ladder atomic system

A scheme of five-level double-ladder-type atomic system is proposed with the aim of implementing dual-channel all-optical switching. Two transitions in the five-level atomic medium independently interact with the two orthogonally (circularly) polarized components from a weak linearly-polarized probe beam, while two other atomic transitions are coherently driven by a control beam and a switching signal beam. We demonstrate that the switching on/off of two orthogonally polarized beams at different frequencies can be achieved by adjusting the magnitude of the external magnetic field, which expands the frequency range of an optical signal switching operation and may improve its practicability.     

Observation of polarization switching: D1 line of sodium in a Fabry-Perot

We report observation of the complete polarization switching sequence for a gas of atoms with a J = $\text{1}\text{2}$ to J = $\text{1}\text{2}$ transition, exposed to resonant or near resonant, linearly polarized laser excitation in an optical cavity. The sequence is from linearly polarized cavity output at low input power to predominantly circularly polarized output at intermediate power and back to linearly polarized output at high input power. The switching is abrupt, exhibits hysteresis and, when hyperfine optical pumping effects are minimized, is phenomenologically in accord with predictions from theory.     

基于电子自旋弛豫全光开关中的瞬态特性

设计了基于电子自旋弛豫的透射式全光开关模犁.该光开关具有开关时间短、结构简单,光学非线性强等特点.研究在右旋圆偏振光抽运下 GaAs/AlGaAs半导体多量子阱(MQWs)中以相空间填充(PSF)和库仑屏蔽(CS)为主要因素导致的激子吸收饱和行为,计算与抽运光同向(探测光与抽运光的圆偏振方向相同)和反向(探测光与抽运光的圆偏振方向相反)的圆偏振探测光吸收系数的变化,得到两种圆偏振光差分透射率改变量随延迟时间的变化.实验采用飞秒抽运-探测技术,获得了室温下GaAs/AlGaAs多量子阱同向圆偏振探测光的透射曲线,观察到了明显的饱和吸收现象,与数值模拟的结果相符.     

Self-mixing interference effects in orthogonally polarized dual-frequency Nd:YAG lasers at different feedback levels

The self-mixing interference effects are investigated in birefringence dual-frequency Nd:YAG lasers at different optical feedback levels. For weak feedback level, both of the intensities of the two modes are sinusoidally modulated by external cavity length with a feedback period of half laser wavelength. While these two modes can only coexist in a part of feedback period at moderate feedback level, i.e., one mode reaches its maximum intensity, the other one extinguishes. At high feedback level, complete polarization switching (one mode oscillating, the other one extinguishing) between two polarized modes is observed, and every switching corresponds to quarter-wavelength variation of external cavity length. Furthermore, two feedback schemes, i.e., isotropic optical feedback (IOF) and polarized optical feedback (POF) are taken into account. The theoretical analysis based on a model of two-mode-coupled laser is presented, which is in good agreement with experimental results. Our results can advance the research of self-mixing interferometer of orthogonally polarized dual-frequency lasers.     

Spin rings in semiconductor microcavities

New effects of self-organization and polarization pattern formation in semiconductor microcavities, operating in the nonlinear regime, are predicted and theoretically analyzed. We show that a spatially inhomogeneous elliptically polarized optical cw pump leads to the formation of a strongly circularly polarized ring in real space. This effect is due to the polarization multistability of cavity polaritons which was recently predicted. The possible switching between different stable configurations allows the realization of a localized spin memory element, suitable for an optical data storage device.     

Experimental study of liquid-crystal alignment on a surface relief grating

In this experimental work, photofabrication of a surface relief grating (SRG) on poly[(methyl-methacrylate)-co-(DR1 methacrylate)] copolymer was used align liquid-crystal molecules in parallel. The interference pattern of circularly polarized Ar⁺ laser beams was used for this purpose, and the dynamic diffraction efficiency of the grating was measured at the same time. Then, the polymeric layers aligned by SRG were used to fabricate a homogeneous aligned liquid-crystal cell. The SRG-induced optical anisotropy of the empty cell and the cell filled with the well-known 5CB nematic liquid crystal was investigated by polarizing microscopy. In addition, the SRG-induced dichroism was studied by polarized UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Finally, the SRG-induced dichroism and optical anisotropy were compared for four different incidence angles. This alignment technique could have useful applications in in-plane switching LC displays.     

A high-efficient method for generating radially and azimuthally polarized Bessel beams using biaxial crystals

As was shown previously, in propagation of a circularly polarized Bessel light beam along the optical axes of a biaxial crystal, there takes place the conversion of the order of Bessel function. In this paper, a new result is presented which is obtained by varying the polarization state of an input beam. Namely, a linearly polarized beam can be transformed into a beam with the radial or azimuthal polarization state. At that the order-transformation also occurs. The switching between radial and azimuthal polarization states of the output beam is performed by the proper switching between two orthogonal linear polarization states of the input beam. The efficiency of polarization conversion is high and can be practically full at an appropriate choice of the cone angle of the input beam or crystal length.