利用塞曼减速法实现锶同位素的磁光阱俘获

利用塞曼减速法在磁光阱(MOT)中实现锶原子一级冷却,使用塞曼减速器对进入阱区前的热原子束进行减速,实验时该减速器线圈通入10.2 A电流,阱区反亥姆霍兹线圈通入10 A电流时,中心区域线性磁场梯度为4 mT/cm,用于冷却和俘获的激光波长为461 nm,其对应于锶原子(5s~2)~1S_0→(5s5p)~1P_1的能级跃迁。通过实验获得了锶4种同位素的冷原子团、探测到相应的冷原子荧光光谱,并且测定其中~(88)Sr,~(87)Sr和~(86)Sr的冷原子数目分别为1.759×10~6,1.759×10~5和2.638×10~5。     

利用补偿线圈提高塞曼减速器效率的理论及实验研究

研究了用于锶原子光晶格光钟原子冷却的塞曼减速器,应用增添补偿线圈的方法可以延长减速器的有效减速距离和增大减速器末端的磁场梯度,进而增加一级冷却俘获锶原子的数目,理论分析采用该方法实现的塞曼减速器较使用单一线圈塞曼减速器可以增加31.17%的俘获原子数目;飞行时间法测量了减速前后原子束中原子的速度分布,原子的最可几速度由380m/s降为43m/s,分布线宽相应变窄。荧光法测量俘获原子数目表明在相同实验条件下,应用补偿线圈后磁光阱俘获原子数目从1.26×106提高到1.81×106,增加30.4%。     

锶原子光晶格钟自旋极化谱线的探测

87Sr原子存在核自旋,在磁场作用下原子能级会分裂成不同塞曼子能级.通过光抽运对原子进行自旋极化,其自旋极化谱线的探测为锶光钟系统的闭环锁定提供精确的频率参考.本文对~(87)Sr原子钟跃迁能级5s~2~1S_0→5s5p~3P_0中的m_F=+9/2和m_F=-9/2的塞曼磁子能级自旋极化谱线进行了探测.经过一级宽带冷却和二级窄线宽冷却与俘获后,锶冷原子温度为3.9μK,原子数目为3.5×10~6.利用邻近"魔术波长"的813.426 nm半导体激光光源实现水平方向的一维光晶格装载.采用归一化探测方法用线宽为Hz量级的698 nm钟激光对~1S_0→~3P_0偶极禁戒跃迁进行探测,在150 ms的探测时间下获得线宽为6.7 Hz的钟跃迁简并谱.在磁光阱竖直方向施加一个300 mGs的偏置磁场获得塞曼分裂谱,并通过689 nm的圆偏振自旋极化光进行光抽运,最终在探测时间为150 ms时,获得左右旋极化谱线线宽分别为6.2 Hz和6.8 Hz.     

用吸收法对铯原子磁光阱中冷原子数目的测量

介绍了吸收法测量冷原子数的原理以及对铯原子气室磁光阱中俘获的冷原子数目的测量过程及结果. 与通常的荧光收集法相比，在原理上与静止二能级原子同共振单模光场作用的模型更加接近，同时大大减小了测量中的误差累积，提高了测量精度. 测得的冷原子数为(8±0.3)×10⁶，同时还利用测得的阱中俘获的稳态冷原子数和磁光阱中冷原子的寿命间接获得了磁光阱的俘获率. 关键词： 激光冷却与俘获 磁光阱 冷原子数目 俘获率     

基于二维磁光阱的增强型199Hg冷原子团制备

在精密测量领域中,高效地制备冷原子团具有重要的意义.在光晶格钟里,缩短冷原子团的制备时间可以降低Dick噪声,从而提高光晶格钟的稳定性.本文采用二维磁光阱加推送光的构型提高了三维磁光阱在超高真空环境中的装载率,并通过压缩磁光阱技术降低了原子团温度,实现了用于¹⁹⁹Hg光晶格钟的增强型冷原子团制备.实验上通过优化三维和二维磁光阱的失谐量和磁场梯度以及推送光的失谐量和功率等参数,将三维磁光阱的¹⁹⁹Hg冷原子装载率增强了51倍,提升至3.1×10⁵ s^–1,然后使用压缩磁光阱技术将¹⁹⁹Hg冷原子团的温度降低至45μK,低于多普勒冷却理论温度.这种基于二维磁光阱的增强型冷原子团制备可在超真空环境下实现对三维磁光阱装载率的高增益,有效地缩短了冷原子团的制备时间,同时也降低了原子团的温度,有利于提高光晶格的转移效率,为其他冷原子实验中冷汞原子团制备提供了有效方案.     

重力对~(87)Rb冷原子四极磁阱装载的影响

文章研究了重力作用下对磁光阱中~(87)Rb原子进行偏振梯度冷却后重新四极磁阱俘获的影响。研究了竖直放置四极线圈和水平放置四极线圈两种情形下,重力对原子偏振梯度冷却后四极磁阱重新俘获过程的作用,通过原子自由飞行吸收成像,观测到了原子的振荡。分析计算了~(87)Rb原子|2,2〉态补偿重力时所需的磁场梯度B′,探究了磁场参数对于振荡现象的影响,从而选择了水平放置磁场线圈的方法,提高了原子偏振梯度冷却后四极磁阱的装载效率。     

可移动型锶原子光钟的系统研制与钟跃迁谱线探测

主要介绍了可移动锶原子光晶格钟的系统研制和钟跃迁谱线探测。光钟系统采用尺寸为120 cm×50 cm×60 cm的小型化物理系统,通过光纤将模块化的子光路系统与物理系统连接。经过一级461 nm激光和二级689 nm激光冷却后,得到原子数目为1.02×10~6、原子温度为5.45μK的冷原子团。利用具有"魔术波长"的晶格光实现~(87)Sr的一维光晶格装载,晶格寿命为434 ms,晶格中原子温度为4.63μK。在具有超窄线宽的698 nm钟激光探测下,得到边带可分辨的钟跃迁谱、窄线宽简并谱、自旋极化谱及拉比振荡曲线。经钟激光探询后,得到的自旋极化谱的谱线线宽为11.79 Hz,接近傅里叶探测极限的理论值,为可移动光钟的闭环工作提供了频率参考。     

中性汞原子磁光阱装载率的优化

量子投影噪声是影响光晶格钟的一个重要参数,提高磁光阱中装载率有利于降低量子投影噪声,可提升光晶格钟的性能.针对实验所用的汞原子单腔磁光阱,本文分析并计算了磁光阱中汞原子受力情况和一维运动规律,在此基础上用随机数方法对磁光阱中汞原子三维装载进行了数值计算,获得了磁光阱中的稳态原子数,研究了磁光阱的冷却激光的光强、失谐量以及磁场梯度等参数对稳态原子数的影响,得出了获得最优装载率的实验参数.涉及的计算方法和结论对汞原子光晶格钟的实验设计具有参考价值.     

锶原子Doppler冷却中再抽运光对原子俘获影响的理论和实验研究

本文主要研究锶原子光钟Doppler冷却过程中再抽运光对俘获冷原子参数的影响,实验上测得再抽运光光强和失谐跟所俘获原子数目的关系,并且测得了在同时注入再抽运光707 nm和679 nm后使俘获冷原子的数目提高了17倍,分析了再抽运光的失谐对俘获原子数目的影响,测得了再抽运光707 nm在失谐5 MHz的情况下俘获原子数目的波动小于3‰. 关键词： 光频标 激光冷却与俘获 原子俘获率     

基于多普勒测速法的永磁体塞曼减速器研究北大核心CSCD

为实现锶原子光钟的空间应用,采用永磁体塞曼减速器,可有效规避塔状线圈造成的高功耗和体积占比大的问题,利于光钟的空间化发展。基于永磁体构建锶光钟的环状和柱状塞曼减速器,在减速原理、磁场构建和样品研制方面各有优劣,利用多普勒测速法可对两种减速器的减速效率进行测量,可将两种减速器的减速分布曲线累计分布后对比。实验结果表明:两种永磁体塞曼减速器都达到一定减速效果,但环状永磁体塞曼减速器在体积和减速效果上,相较单x方向的柱状永磁体塞曼减速器,体积减少了60%,重量减少了80%,减速效果部分区域效率高一倍,因此优势更为显著。进一步采用环状永磁体塞曼减速器俘获锶原子的三种同位素,完成了小型化锶原子光钟的一级俘获,满足零功耗、体积小的紧凑化光钟设计需求。     

锶原子互组跃迁谱的实验研究

观测了热原子束中锶原子(5s²)¹S₀—(5s5p)³P₁ 互组跃迁的荧光谱和饱和荧光谱, 实验测定了不同的参量下 ⁸⁸Sr(5s²)¹S₀—(5s5p)³P₁ 互组跃迁荧光谱. 研究结果表明: 不同的实验参数(温度、激光光强、激光扫描频率)对谱线有较大的影响, (5s5p)³P₁态的长寿命特点导致谱线强度随激光扫描频率呈倒数关系变化; 由于Doppler增宽, 渡越增宽等因素的影响, 谱线线宽远大于其自然线宽且随激光扫描频率呈正比关系变化.     

MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECT OF THE EUROPIUM a8S7/2-z6P7/2 LINES

The magnetic field effect of a⁸S_7/2-z⁶P_7/2 lines of ¹⁵¹Eu and ¹⁵³Eu in magnetic fields up to 66.7 mT has been studied by using laser atomic beam spectroscopy. The Zeeman level structures of the europium a⁸S_7/2 and z⁶P_7/2 states in magnetic fields were discussed. The location and intensity of the measured Zeeman transition lines were found in good agreement with the theoretical results.     

锶玻色子的“魔术”波长光晶格装载实验研究

光晶格中性原子光钟的不确定度已达到10^-18量级. 本文介绍了碱土金属锶原子玻色子⁸⁸Sr在“魔术”波长处的一维光晶格装载, 实现冷锶原子的囚禁并使锶原子的钟跃迁能级(5s²) ¹S₀-(5s5p) ³P₀在此波长处的交流斯塔克光频移一致. 实验中半导体激光器产生“魔术”光波长(813 nm), 通过实验搭建光学驻波场并获得晶格激光聚焦光束, 束腰半径为38 μm. 经过一级冷却和二级冷却后温度约为2 μK的冷锶原子被此“魔术”波长光晶格囚禁. 通过实验测量得到锶原子玻色子⁸⁸Sr光晶格寿命为270 ms, 数目约为1.2×10⁵, 温度在3.5 μK左右, 此外研究了晶格光功率对晶格囚禁原子数目及温度的影响作用. 原子的光晶格装载为后续的钟跃迁提供了长的探测时间, 为进一步的光钟闭环提供了实验基础.     

State selective laser photodissociation of Tl2 at 337.1 nm by optogalvanic spectroscopy

This paper reports the first time achievement of laser photolysis of thallium dimers by single photon absorption of N₂-laser light at 337.1 nm resulting in a large population inversion of thallium 7 ²S excited state with respect to 6 ²P state. The photodissociation nitrogen laser pulse is spatially and temporally overlapped with the tunable dye laser pulse that is used for confirming the production of selectively excited thallium atoms. The dye laser excites the thallium atoms from 7 ²S state to high lying Rydberg states that collisionally ionize giving an ion-current signal which is subsequently processed by a box-car average/integrator and recorded on the chart recorder. The photodissociation of Tl₂ to Tl(7 ²S ) state demonstrates the existence of the molecular dissociative state 1g that is correlated with Tl 7 ²S +6 ²P states. A complete absence of 6 ²P state population among the photolysis products indicates a 100% prompt population inversion between 7 ²S and 6 ²P atomic states.     

新型电子俘获型光存储材料Sr2SnO4:Sb3+的发光性能研究

采用高温固相法在1300℃的温度获得了一种新型电子俘获型光存储材料 Sr₂SnO₄:Sb³⁺. 结果表明: 208 nm (Sb³⁺ 的¹S₀→¹P₁)和265 nm (¹S₀→³P₁)的紫外光是Sr₂SnO₄:Sb³⁺ 的最有效信息写入光源; 其发射是覆盖400---700 nm的宽带(³P_0,1→^XXS₀), 肉眼可看到淡黄色白光, 色坐标为(0.341, 0.395). 热释光谱研究结果表明: Sr₂SnO₄:Sb³⁺ 有分别位于39℃, 124℃, 193℃和310℃的四个热释峰. 其中, 39~℃的热释峰强度很低, 因而Sr₂SnO₄:Sb³⁺ 只具有不到140 s的微弱余辉. 而310℃的高温热释峰在空置1天后, 仍能保持约45.6%的初始强度, 并对980 nm的红外光有很好的红外上转换光激励响应. 因此, Sr₂SnO₄:Sb³⁺ 是一种具有一定的信息存储应用潜力的新型光存储发光材料.     

Observation of photon recoil effects in single-beam absorption spectroscopy with an ultracold strontium gas

We report on observing photon recoil effects in the absorption of a single monochromatic light at 689 nm through an ultracold ⁸⁸Sr gas,where the recoil frequency is comparable to natural linewidth of the narrow-line transition 5s^{2 1}S₀-5s5p ³P₁ in strontium.In the regime of high-saturation,the absorption profile becomes asymmetric due to the photon-recoil shift,which is of the same order as the natural linewidth.The lineshape is described by an extension of the optical Bloch equations including the momentum transfers to atoms during emission and absorption of photons.Our work reveals the photon recoil effects in a simplest single-beam absorption setting,which is of significant relevance to other applications such as saturation spectroscopy,Ramsey interferometry,and absorption imaging.     

THE 82S1/2→62D EXCITATION TRANSFER OF RUBIDIUM ATOMS INDUCED BY COLLISIONS WITH GROUND-STATE RUBIDIUM AND HYDROGEN MOLECULES

The processes of excitation transfer from the 8²S_1/2 state to the 6²D state of rubidium in Rb(8²S_1/2)-Rb(5²S_1/2) and Rb(8²S_1/2)-H₂ collisions have been studied experimentally. During irradiating the Rb vapor, mixed with H₂, by two light beams for selective stepwise excitation, the Rb 8²S_1/2→5²P_3/2 direct fluorescence and the Rb 6²D_3/2→5²P_1/2 sensitized fluorescence have been measured as a function of H₂ gas pressure. The measurements yielded the cross-sections σ(8²S_1/2→6²D) and σ^*(8²S_1/2→6²D) of Rb 8²S_1/2→6²D excitation tranfer induced by collisions with 5²S_1/2 atom and H₂ molecules respectively. The results are discussed in detail.     

Analytical solutions for a doubly driven two-level atom

We have deduced analytical solutions of an energy level diagram of the doubly driven/dressed atom for a two-level atom exposed to a strong near-resonant bichromatic laser field in a special case, i.e., the bichromatic field with frequencies ω1 and ω2, and Rabi frequencies ?1 and ?2, in which the first coupling field of ?1 acts on the bare atomic levels, and then the resulting singly dressed states are driven by the second coupling field of ?2, thus resulting in the doubly dressed atom.We have measured the probe absorption spectra of a doubly driven two-level atom. The system consists of 52S1/2, F= 2 and 5~2P_(3/2), F'= 3 states of ~(87)Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap(MOT) as well as the cooling/trapping beams and an additional coupling field. As for the spectroscopic properties of the doubly driven two-level atom, theoretical analytical solutions are in general agreement with the experimental spectrum as a whole.