Simultaneous single-shot measurement of temperature and pressure along a one-dimensional line by use of laser-induced thermal grating spectroscopy

We report a new technique, based on laser-induced thermal grating spectroscopy (LITGS), for time- and space-resolved simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure along a one-dimensional line. LITGS signals generated in NO2/N2 mixtures along a 5 mm line produce a time-varying image that is recorded on a streak camera. The temperature is derived with a precision of 0.3% from the streak images using a rapid Fourier method with a spatial resolution of 150 microm along the line. The principle of pressure measurement is demonstrated using a sequence of images, and a simple extension of the method to single-shot pressure measurement is discussed.     

头盔显示器视差自动测量中眼位点的自动对准

自动测量头盔显示器的视差时，用CCD相机取代人眼的主观读取，由于机器视觉不如人眼灵活，CCD相机在人眼观察点才能确保移动时采集的图像是完整的，从而保证全视场的视差测量。该文提出采用模式搜索法在头盔显示器光学平面内实现CCD相机自动对准人眼观察点(眼位点)，从而实现头盔显示器全视场视差的自动测量。对该自动测量系统的测量原理，以及CCD相机自动对准眼位点的实现过程进行了详细论述与说明，对测量精度与效率，对准精度与重复定位精度进行了实验分析。实验结果表明，该方法能够快速、准确、自动地对准眼位点，定位精度为±0.071°，与摆头法测量视差系统进行对比实验，全视场视差测量效率高，重复精度高。     

平行摄像机阵列移位法获取视差图像的研究

平行摄像机阵列移位法是一种摄像机阵列获取三维场景的视差图像的新方法.该方法在平行摄像机阵列法的基础上,将获取的视差图像进行平移处理,获得了立体显示所需的具有正、负水平视差的视差图像,且这些视差图像没有楔形失真和垂直视差.该方法集中了会聚摄像机阵列法和平行摄像机阵列法两种常规方法各自的优点并摒弃了其缺点.实验证实,所获取的视差图像在光栅式自由立体显示器上得到了三维场景的清晰逼真再现显示效果.     

聚变反应历程测量系统研制及应用

为了测量惯性约束聚变实验中的聚变反应时间过程,研制了一套时间分辨优于40 ps的聚变反应历程测量系统.该系统由闪烁体及鼻锥部分、光学系统和条纹相机系统三部分组成.其中闪烁体将中子信号转换为可见光信号,光学系统则将闪烁体的发光信号成像在条纹相机上进行记录.为得到信号与入射激光的时间关系,还将时标引入了条纹相机进行记录.在...     

Horizontal parallax distortion in toed-in camera with wide-angle lens for mobile device

An effect of the toed-in camera configuration is keystone distortion, which causes vertical and horizontal parallax in the stereoscopic image. The horizontal parallax is the source of the depth plane curvature. However, if the stereoscopic image captured by the toed-in camera system with fish-eye lens is displayed on mobile device, it is uncomfortable to view because the horizontal parallax contains horizontal parallax distortion occurred by the wide field of view of the lenses. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel correction method of the horizontal parallax distortion, which is one of the keystone distortions, in a toed-in camera with fish-eye lenses for mobile device. We have experimented to attest the proposed method. In experiment, we used two charge coupled device cameras, whose field of view is 48.48°. In addition, the captured stereoscopic image was corrected for the barrel distortion and the horizontal parallax distortion. Therefore, the proposed method provides correcting of the horizontal parallax distortion from a toed-in camera system in order that the users can enjoy three-dimensional effects without the visual fatigue. Additionally, the proposed method is able to apply to toed-in camera consisting of any kinds of cameras.     

单目多视点立体图像提取及应用

设计并实现了一种基于广角相机和平面镜的单目多视点立体图像摄像系统,给出了硬件装置的设计指标和优化方法;同时,在研究了硬件系统的标定方法基础上,实现了其在三维测距方面的应用。多枚平面镜构成的对称斗型腔体被放置在广角相机前面,物体光线经过不同平面镜反射后,投影到相机图像平面的不同区域,在相机投影平面上生成物体多个影像,形成单目多视点投影图像。该类图像等价于视点不同的多幅图像,可以使用多视点立体视觉算法实现三维测量。     

用于双光子激发荧光寿命显微成像的高重复频率皮秒扫描相机

建立了一台基于新研制的高重复频率皮秒扫描相机的双光子激发荧光寿命显微成像系统,重点介绍所研制的高重复频率皮秒扫描相机。为了在高时间分辨力的同时扩大时间测量范围,实现大面积两维空间高时间分辨取样测量,从而提高采样速率和更有效地发挥扫描相机的作用,设计和研制了一种大面积、高时间分辨力扫描变像管和一种重复频率高达1MHz的斜坡电压扫描电路。基于上述关键部件所研制的扫描相机具有重复频率高、扫描速度可调、时间分辨力高、工作面积大、非线性低、触发晃动小等优点。用钛宝石飞秒激光器作为激光脉冲源,通过脉冲提取器将76MHz的高重复频率降低为1MHz,采用可调延时器和标准具对扫描相机的时间分辨力、扫描速度和非线性进行标定。该系统的时间分辨力达到6.5ps,非线性为2.60%,可测量的时间范围从十几皮秒到几十纳秒。测量了若丹明6G和香豆素314两种标准荧光染料的荧光寿命,取得了与参考文献一致的实验结果。     

一种用于Z箍缩实验的软X射线成像系统

基于塑料闪烁体转换和光学条纹相机的方法建立了一套用于Z箍缩实验中的软X射线条纹图像诊断系统,解决了以往实验中使用的X射线条纹相机易被电磁环境干扰以及相机电极部件易被实验产生的高速粒子损伤的问题.诊断系统的光谱响应范围主要集中在0.2-10 keV,系统的空间分辨率经过理论评估小于120μm,通过标定闪烁体对X射线的时间响应特性给出了系统的时间分辨率约为1 ns.诊断系统拍摄到了铝丝阵内爆等离子体的一维空间和时间分辨的X射线条纹图像,给出了等离子体的内爆一致性和辐射均匀性等特征信息.     

变像管皮秒分幅和飞秒扫描相机的实验研究

本文将描述两种变像管皮秒分幅相机和一种飞秒扫描相机的设计特点、动态测试方法和实验结果。第一种变像管皮秒分幅相机采用了交叉点扫描多光栏分幅的方法,其变像管具有长加速电极和短阳极的静电弱聚焦系统与偏转灵敏度高、偏转像质好的偏转群体结构;其超快速控制电路只需一个光电开关斜坡电压脉冲发生器和一个特殊设计的脉冲成形网络即可送出具有合适时间关联的4对正负极性三角波和一对正负极性的单台阶液电压脉冲。实验表明,该相机在提供6幅分幅图像的情况下,每幅图像全曝光时间为80ps,除 3～4幅图像间的时间间隔为680ps外,其余均为160ps,动态空间分辨率达到5.51p/mm。第二种变像管皮秒分幅相机采用快门式分幅方法;其变像管采用行波偏转系统,内增强MCP做成带状线结构,并具有输入输出阻抗变换器,其三台阶波和快门脉冲序列均由光电开关电路和脉冲成形网络产生。该相机在提供三幅分幅图像的情况下,每幅图像全曝光时间为660ps,画幅之间的时间间隔均为4ns,动态空间分辨率为5.5lp/mm。飞秒扫描相机采用MCP内增强飞秒扫描变像管、具有负时间畸变的中继透镜和无触发晃动的光电开关扫描电路。实验证明,该相机在时间分辨率为500fs时,其动态范围为30;当时间分辨率为1.2ps时,其动态范围可达500;无扫描图像弯曲现象,触发晃动为±2ps.     

Time-resolved measurement technique for pulsed electron beam envelope basing on framing and streaking principle

The time-resolved electron beam envelope parameters, including cross sectional distribution and beam centroid position, are very important for the study of beam transmission characteristics in a magnetic field and for verifying the rationality of the magnetic field parameters employed. One kind of high time-resolved beam envelope measurement system has recently been developed, constituted of a high-speed framing camera and a streak camera.It can obtain three panoramic images of the beam and time continuous information along the given beam profile simultaneously. Recently obtained data has proved that several fast vibrations of the beam envelope along the diameter direction occur during the front and the tail parts of the electron beam. The vibration period is several nanoseconds. The effect of magnetic field on the electron beam is also observed and verified. Beam debugging experiments have proved that the existing beam transmission design is reasonable and viable. This beam envelope measurement system will establish a good foundation for beam physics research.     

单摄像机虚拟立体视觉测量技术研究

以双目立体视觉传感器三维测量模型为基础,提出了一种用于测量空间三维点坐标的低成本单摄像机模型。该模型利用光学成像,把单摄像机镜像为一对虚拟摄像机,在一个CCD像面上采集到同一物体存在视差的两幅图像,从而恢复空间点的三维信息。讨论了单摄像机传感器测量空间三维点坐标的基本原理,建立了单摄像机传感器的测量模型,克服了双摄像机系统中成本高、切换采集左右摄像机的图像使检测速度减慢等诸多缺陷,为空间三维点的精密测量提供了经济、快速、有效的测量途径。实验表明．传感器可实现约0．8％的相对测量精度．证明了本方案合理、有效。     

Elimination of vertical parallax in multi-view parallax images

In three-dimensional displays,large vertical parallax in parallax images is disadvantageous to stereo vision due to the presence of visual fatigue.Based on the principle that homologous points in different parallax images correspond to the same object point,a method is proposed to eliminate the vertical parallax in multi-view parallax images.The coordinate mapping relationship between a standard parallax image and an awaiting rectification parallax image is established according to the coordinates of the image points of the rectangular calibration board vertices.Experiments are conducted,and results prove that the proposed method is reliable.     

用条纹相机测量BEPC的束团长度

在北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)中,正负电子束团的长度及其拉伸是束流性能重要指标之一,它直接影响到物理实验的效率,对BEPC的改进和性能进一步提高也起着关键的作用.由于用条纹相机测束团长度,具有精度高,且直观的特点,因此,近年来条纹相机在加速器束团测量领域得到了广泛的应用.本文将介绍用条纹相机测量BEPC储存环束团长度的原理、方法、系统配置、误差分析及一些典型的测量结果.     

延时法测量条纹相机μs档扫描非线性

为实现μs档条纹相机扫描非线性标定,建立了基于延时可调信号源和外触发激光器的条纹相机μs档扫描非线性标定系统,弥补了标准具法的不足。系统通过延时值的递增,得到条纹相机扫描速度在全扫程的变化。系统中时间关系抖动来源主要是测试设备延时抖动和条纹相机触发延时抖动。时间抖动测试与分析显示,条纹相机延时抖动±0.6ns,测试设备延时抖动±0.3ns,系统总时间抖动±0.7ns。系统时间抖动会造成最终时间轴信息的起伏。大量数值模拟分析表明,时间轴起伏对系统时间抖动的影响±2ns,在可以接受的范围内。因此,该系统能够胜任条纹相机μs扫程时间信息的测量标定。     

基于成像板-X射线条纹相机的精密耦合技术

为实现惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验中同时获取靶点的X射线1维动态和2维静态积分图像,提出了一种全新的X射线图像采集方法。结合成像板与X射线条纹相机的工作特性,通过在阴极狭缝前精密耦合成像板,实现X射线图像到达狭缝的同时采集其外围区域的静态积分图像。该方法具有对靶点X射线图像的1维动态与2维静态图像对比分析、成像系统像面位置精密空间定位的功能。利用该方法在神光Ⅱ装置上实现搭载Kirkpatrick-Baez(KB)显微镜获得内爆靶球压缩流线图,并应用于流体不稳定性实验中。     

Linear picosecond electron-optical chronoscopy at a repetition rate of 140 MHz

A picosecond streak camera operating in synchronism with C.W. mode-locked lasers provides real-time integrated measurement of repetitive luminous phenomena with a temporal resolution of ～ 10 ps. The durations of pulses from an actively mode-locked argon ion laser (514.5 nm) have been measured to be ～ 90 ps and the system is particularly suitable for the measurement of dye fluorescence lifetimes.     

一种用于荧光皮秒时间分辨光谱的测试系统

本文详细描述了一种由氩离子锁模激光器、样品池、分光系统及微微秒条纹相机构成的用于测试低强度荧光微微秒时间分辨光谱的系统。给出了典型样品的测试结果:时间分辨率为10ps,光谱范围为500Å—800Å。最后对测量结果进行了分析讨论。     

Improving the precision of fluorescence lifetime measurement using a streak camera

Streak camera has high temporal resolution and high sensitivity, and is a powerful tool in biomedical study to measure fluorescence lifetime and perform fluorescence lifetime imaging. However, nonuniformity of the gain in the streak tube and nonlinearity of the sweeping speed limit the precision of fluorescence lifetime measurement, particularly when fluorescence lifetimes are short. We have constructed a two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime measurement system that is based on a synchroscan streak camera and have developed accordingly a method to correct the effect of gain nonuniformity and nonlinearity of sweeping speed on the measurement precision. A continuous-wave laser of high stability is used to calibrate the gain of the streak camera, and a Fabry-Perot etalon is used to calibrate the nonlinearity of the sweeping speed. Fitting algorithms are used to correct the gain of the streak camera and nonlinearity of the sweeping speed respectively, which significantly improves the measurement precision of the system, as characterized through the fluorescence lifetime of the short-lived fluorescence dye, Rose Bengal. Experimental results show that the measurement fluctuation of the lifetime has been improved from more than 10% to 2% after correcting the effects of gain nonuniformity and sweeping speed nonlinearity.     

条纹相机测量中的光束取样

从实验上探讨了用条纹相机测量大口径高功率固体激光束的脉冲波形时,取样光斑的大小对波形的精细结构与脉宽的影响。     

X射线皮秒变象管扫描相机时空分辨率测量

X射线皮秒变象管扫描相机是一种应用变象管技术测量X射线波段脉冲辐射而能达到皮秒级时间分辨率和微米级空间分辨率的时空测试系统,是高功率激光打靶产生等离子体诊断的有力工具。时间分辨率和空间分辨率是X射线皮秒变象管扫描相机最基本的性能参数。这些参数的测量有其不同于可见光扫描相机的特殊性。