拉直的单个DNA分子的全内反射荧光实时成像研究

全内反射荧光(TIRF)成像技术利用穿透深度仅200 nm左右的隐失波来激发诱导荧光,探测灵敏度和图像信噪比大大提高,成为单分子研究的有力工具。分子梳技术利用DNA末端与固体表面的结合力和周围流体流动产生的侧向力将DNA分子拉伸并平铺在表面上。结合这两种技术,对分子梳拉直的单个DNA分子进行了清晰的实时荧光成像,发现TIRF成像条件下DNA分子与荧光探针YOYO-1组成的复合体可自然避免发生光敏断裂现象;实时监测了单个DNA-YOYO-1复合体的光漂白过程,通过对激发光照射时间与探测器曝光时间进行同步控制,可大幅降低光漂白程度,为拉直的单个DNA分子的长时间实时观察和成像研究优化了实验条件,为实时、可视化地研究其与蛋白质相互作用的动力学过程奠定了基础。     

Poly-3BCMU 薄膜光漂白过程的理论模型

本文报道了使用两种不同漂白光源时,Poly-3BCMU薄膜的光漂白过程,并建立了描述漂白过程的理论模型.最后讨论了采用光漂白方法制备导波微光学元件的可能性.     

Poly－3BCMU薄膜光漂白的实验研究

报道了Ｐｏｌｙ－３ＢＣＭＵ薄膜光漂白过程的实验研究结果。测量了薄膜光漂白前后的可见及紫外光谱的变化，表明在光漂白过程中聚合物的长链被逐渐打断。实验表明，被漂白的聚合物薄膜可以被某些有机溶剂溶解，导致所谓的显影过程。实验研究了氧对光漂白过程的影响，并发现在Ｐｏｌｙ－３ＢＣＭＵ薄膜表面涂复光刻胶薄层可阻止氧分子向薄膜内的扩散，从而大大减缓光漂白过程。本文同时对光漂白在制备光波导元件中的应用进行了研究。     

聚合物材料PMMA/DR1光漂白过程中折射率的变化

用双光束扫描法研究了在488nm的Ar^ 激光照射下，聚合物材料RMMA／DR1的光漂白过程，为精确测量光漂白模型中的参数提供了一种简单实验方法。这对于今后用光漂白的方法制备光波导器件具有重要意义。     

Poly—3BCMU薄膜光漂白的实验研究

报道了Ｐｏｌｙ－３ＢＣＭＵ薄膜光漂白过程的实验研究结果。测量了薄膜漂白前后的可见及紫外光谱的变化，表明在光漂白过程中聚合物的长链被逐断打断。实验表明，被漂白的聚合物薄膜可以被某些有机溶剂溶解，导致所谓的显影响过程。     

厦门湾有色溶解有机物光漂白的三维荧光光谱研究

利用荧光激发-发射矩阵光谱(excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy,EEMs)研究了厦门湾九龙江河口中、低盐度区表层水样中有色溶解有机物在秋季天然太阳辐照下的光化学漂白。结果表明,光漂白未引起水样中类腐殖质(C, A, M)和类蛋白质(T,B)荧光峰位置的移动。5个峰的荧光强度均随辐照时间的增加而减少,其中低盐度水样的降低幅度更大,并以指示陆源河流输入的特征荧光峰C的光漂白程度最大。根据漂白速率可将各荧光团区分出易漂白和难漂白两类组分。光漂白导致T、C峰及A、C峰之间的荧光强度比值增加,说明光漂白可引起海水中溶解有机物性质的明显改变,并且也是近海类蛋白质荧光相对类腐殖质荧光占优势的一个重要控制因素。研究结果对于探究陆源有机物在近海的转化及去除过程以及海洋光学有一定的参考价值。     

DHL细胞中5-ALA代谢PpIX的双光子荧光光谱

双光子激发生物组织荧光,激发光仅作用于焦点区域,对生物样品的光漂白性和光毒性都很小,因而双光子荧光显微技术已成为细胞生物学研究的一种新技术。文章采用波长为820 nm飞秒激光激发孵育有5-ALA的DHL细胞,在激光扫描显微镜的Lambda模式中获得单个DHL细胞的双光子荧光光谱,并测量DHL细胞内积聚的卟啉九(PpIX)特征荧光值。获得了浓度分别为2, 4和10 mmol·L-1的5-ALA溶液中,细胞代谢的PpIX含量随孵育时间的变化情况。DHL细胞内积聚的PpIX处于动态变化过程,并呈现出两阶段性的特点：细胞内积聚的PpIX含量随着孵育时间增长而增加,在3 h附近达到最大值,随后随着孵育时间增长反而下降。结果表明,基于激光扫描显微的双光子荧光光谱可成为DHL细胞等白血病细胞摄取5-ALA并生成PpIX的动力学研究的有效方法。     

新型含偶氮侧链聚合物中光致各向异性及偏振全息记录

研究了偶氮侧链聚合物中光致各向异性和偏振全息, 确认在这种聚合物中分析光致各向异性动力学过程时, 必须考虑光漂白效应的影响, 测量表明该聚合物具有大的光致双折射（Δｎ ＝７．８×１０－ ３）, 并在其中记录了高衍射效率（η＝ １９．３％ ）的偏振全息图     

聚合物PMMA/DR1啁啾光栅耦合器的研究

从理论上分析出在一定条件下啁啾光栅输出耦合器具有较好的聚焦衍射光束的作用.实验上采用光漂白方法,利用两束激光在PMMA/DR1平面波导上所形成的干涉条纹来制备啁啾光栅,研究了这种啁啾光栅耦合器衍射光的聚焦效应,观测结果与理论分析基本相符.     

生物相容性量子点的表征及其在细胞标记中的应用

利用无机低温水相合成法制备表面包覆L-半胱氨酸的CdTe/ZnTe核壳型量子点,测量不同溶液以及激发功率激光作用下该量子点的光谱特性。结果表明,该量子点吸收谱和荧光光谱峰值位置不随pH值变化,而荧光光强随pH值升高呈近似线性上升趋势;不同缓冲液对该量子点荧光光强无影响,但随孵育时间延长,荧光强度略有下降;在强激光照射下QDs会被快速光漂白,选择适当的激光功率(<100 μW),可降低漂白速率,实现长时间稳定测量。因此,该量子点具有较好的生物稳定性和光稳定性,将其与血铁蛋白相连形成靶向共轭纳米粒,可成功用于HeLa细胞标记。细胞内量子点光漂白实验表明,细胞微环境会影响量子点的光稳定性,加速量子点的光漂白。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.