Josephson junction as a detector of poissonian charge injection

We propose a scheme of measuring the non-Gaussian character of noise by a hysteretic Josephson junction in the macroscopic quantum tunneling regime. We model the detector as an (under)damped LC resonator. It transforms Poissonian charge injection into current through the detector, which samples the injection statistics over a floating time window of length approximately Q/omega(J), where Q is the quality factor of the resonator and omega(J) its resonance frequency. This scheme ought to reveal the Poisson character of charge injection in a detector with realistic parameters.     

Acoustic attenuation in self-affine porous structures

As acoustic waves propagate through fluid-filled porous materials possessing heterogeneity in the elastic compressibility at scales less than wavelengths, the local wave-induced fluid-pressure response will also possess spatial heterogeneity that correlates with the compressibility structure. Such induced fluid-pressure gradients equilibrate via fluid-pressure diffusion causing wave energy to attenuate. This process is numerically simulated using finite-difference modeling. It is shown here, both numerically and analytically, that in the special case where the compressibility structure is a self-affine fractal characterized by a Hurst exponent H, the wave's quality factor Q (where Q(-1) is a measure of acoustic attenuation) is a power law in the wave's frequency omega given by Q proportional to omega(H) when /H/<1, and given by Q proportional to omega(tanhH) in general.     

Evidence for a crossover in the frequency dependence of the acoustic attenuation in vitreous silica

We report measurements of the sound attenuation coefficient in vitreous silica, for sound waves of wavelength between 50 and 80 nm, performed with the new inelastic UV light scattering technique. These data indicate that in silica glass a crossover between a temperature-dependent (at low frequency) and a temperature-independent (at high frequency) acoustic attenuation mechanism occurs at Q approximately equal to 0.15 nm(-1). The absence of any signature in the static structure factor at this Q value suggests that the observed crossover should be associated with local elastic constant fluctuations.     

应用于光刻领域中的固态紫外激光源的制作

以半导体侧泵钇铝石榴石激光器为泵浦源,采用腔内泵浦两块三硼酸铯晶体,产生满足高功率与高光束质量要求的三倍频355 nm紫外激光.通过使用法拉第旋转器谐振腔优化设计与热效应补偿提高输出光的光束质量,并且使用体光栅作为输出镜,在实现线宽窄化同时保持准相位匹配的高效性能.该光刻用紫外激光源成功地替代准分子激光器,使用在一套大面积亚纳米级投影式光刻系统上,工作时紫外光输出功率为4.37W,光束质量因子为2.27.     

量子点半导体光放大器波长转换的Q因子特性

为了改善全光波长转换器的转换性能进而提高输出信号质量,研究了波长转换器的Q因子特性。采用牛顿迭代法和四阶龙格库塔法解光场传输方程和跃迁速率方程,分析了输入信号光功率、脉冲宽度、最大模式增益和有源区长度4个因素对全光波长转换器的Q因子特性的影响,并将得到的结果与相同条件下的输出消光比比较。结果表明:增大输入信号光功率,Q因子先增大后减小,并且在-12 d Bm时取得最大值8.819 d B;Q因子随着脉冲宽度的增加而不断下降;增大最大模式增益和有源区长度,Q因子增大。在实现波长转换的基础上,优化各参数数值,得到的Q因子达到16.680 d B,输出信号质量较好。要同时获得高的消光比和Q因子,提高输出信号的质量,必须选取适当的输入信号光功率、脉冲宽度、最大模式增益和有源区长度。     

高次谐波体声波谐振器机械品质因数的谐振谱特性

高次谐波体声波谐振器(High-overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonator,HBAR)是由基底、压电薄膜及上下电极所组成的器件,它具有高的品质因数Q和多模谐振频谱特性.从给出HBAR的谐振谱出发,以各层的结构(厚度)和材料特性(特性阻抗和机械衰减因子)为参数,系统研究了机械品质因数Q_M的谐振谱特性。Q_M随基底或压电薄膜的厚度变化表现为一系列对应不同阶数的曲线。在给定频率下,Q_M随基底厚度的增加振荡上升,且最终趋于基底材料的机械品质因数,而其随压电薄膜厚度的增加呈波浪式下降。对于给定结构的HBAR,Q_M随频率(阶数)的增加呈波浪式下降。此外,考虑电极的厚度对Q_M的变化规律影响不大。为了获得较大的Q_M,应选择Al/AlN/Al/Sapphire或YAG结构的HBAR,且基底要较厚,压电薄膜和电极厚度要适中。      

Physical calculation for an X-band hybrid dielectric-iris-loaded accelerator

A small, high performance X-band hybrid dielectric-iris-loaded travelling-wave linac with the length of 1.47 m and the maximum accelerating gradient of 45 MV/m has been designed. The beam energy of 33 MeV, the energy spread of 0.5%, the beam emittance of about 5.7 πmm·mrad and the capture efficiency of 40% are reached by adjusting the sizes of the accelerating cavities and the phase velocity. The attenuation per unit length of structure, the shunt impedance Rs, the quality factor Q, the group velocity and the phase velocity are also presented.     

Inelastic ultraviolet scattering from high frequency acoustic modes in glasses

The dynamic structure factor of vitreous silica and glycerol has been measured as a function of temperature and of the momentum transfer up to Q=0.105 nm(-1) using a novel experimental technique, the inelastic ultraviolet scattering. As in the case of Brillouin light scattering and ultrasonic measurements, the temperature dependence of the acoustic attenuation shows a plateau below the glass transition whose amplitude scales as Q2. Moreover, a slight temperature dependence of attenuation has been found in vitreous silica at about 130 K, which seems to be reminiscent of the peak measured at lower Qs. These two findings strongly support the idea that anharmonicity is responsible for sound attenuation at ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies. Finally, we demonstrate that the attenuation mechanism should show a change of regime between 0.105 and 1 nm(-1).     

High frequency dynamics in a monatomic glass

The high frequency dynamics of glassy selenium has been studied by inelastic x-ray scattering at beam line BL35XU (SPring-8). The high quality of the data allows one to pinpoint the existence of a dispersing acoustic mode for wave vectors (Q) of 1.5相似文献   

High Q light-emitting Si-rich Si₃N₄ microdisks

We report on the optical properties of active silicon (Si)-rich Si?N? microdisk cavities in the visible range. We have studied the correlation between the quality (Q) factor of the cavities and the active material deposition parameters. Microphotoluminescence measurements revealed subangstrom whispering galley modes resonances and a maximum Q of 10? around 760 nm. These values improve significantly the best results reported so far for Si-based light-emitting circular resonators in the visible range. In contrast to what is reported for Si-rich SiO?-based microcavities, we demonstrate the absence of a spectral widening at high pump fluxes associated to carrier absorption mechanisms, which allows high emitted power without degrading the Q of the cavity. These results open the route toward the monolithic integration of those structures into more complex circuits including Si photodetectors.     

光声光谱检测装置中光声池的数值计算及优化

利用光声光谱技术进行痕量气体的检测具有独特的优势,光声池是系统装置中最为重要的核心部件,它决定着整机性能的优劣.以一圆柱形共振型光声池为研究对象,基于声学与吸收光谱学的基本理论,建立了光声池声场激发的数学模型;利用数值模拟方法对光声池空腔结构进行了声学模态仿真,获得了前8阶声学模态值以及声压可视化振型;在考虑热黏性声学损耗的作用下,对光声池进行了热-声耦合多物理场仿真计算;将仿真结果与解析计算和实验结果进行对比,明确了利用数值模拟方法来计算光声池有关指标的可靠性与可行性;针对光声池的优化问题,提出了一种将响应面代理模型与遗传算法相结合的优化算法,在将原光声池中的谐振腔两端形貌更改为喇叭口形的情况下,通过优化算法获得了以光声池品质因数Q及池常数C_(cell)为最大值寻优的Pareto最优解集;选取一组解进行考察,结果表明,代理模型预测值与数值模拟值指标最大误差仅为1.3%,优化后的新型光声池Q较之前增长了48.9%, C_(cell)增长了34.4%.研究方法可为光声光谱中光声池的优化设计提供参考借鉴.     

百瓦级近衍射极限VCSEL泵浦激光器

报道了高功率、高光束质量的垂直腔面发射半导体激光器(VCSEL)侧泵的Nd:YAG激光振荡器。从VCSEL泵浦源的主动冷却的热沉结构出发,设计了5个227 W的VCSEL线阵,并且通过优化侧面泵浦大口径激光棒的结构,研制成了具备480 W输出能力的棒状激光模块,相应的光-光效率为49.7%。在此基础上,设计了一种高功率、高光束质量的VCSEL侧面泵浦棒状Nd:YAG激光振荡器。腔内插入望远镜光学元件,并通过优化各光学元件的参数使其工作在热近非稳区域,以达到增大基横模体积和抑制高阶横模目的。最终,获得114 W的输出功率,相应的平均光束质量因子M2为1.42。由于VCSEL具备优秀的波长-温度稳定性,这种高功率、高光束质量的VCSEL泵浦的固体激光器在工业、空间等领域,具有极为广阔的应用前景。     

Deterministic modularity optimization

We study community structure of networks. We have developed a scheme for maximizing the modularity Q [Newman and Girvan, Phys. Rev. E 69, 026113 (2004)] based on mean field methods. Further, we have defined a simple family of random networks with community structure; we understand the behavior of these networks analytically. Using these networks, we show how the mean field methods display better performance than previously known deterministic methods for optimization of Q.     

20-Gb/s and Higher Bit Rate Optical Wavelength Conversion for RZ-DPSK Signal Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

Abstract

We investigate 20 Gb/s wavelength conversion for return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) signal using four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). We show that the 10-Gb/s RZ-DPSK signal-to-pump ratio increases up to ?0.286 dB with Q factor improvement of 1.663 dB for increasing the cascadeability of optical networks. The effect of variation in bandwidth for an ideal dual-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is illustrated. For different bit rates, the converted power signal is investigated with increase in signal input power. We show that the quality of converted signal is best before the saturation of SOA. The dependence of four-wave mixing (FWM) efficiency and converted signal power with signal input power is also studied, and it is found that FWM efficiency decreases with increase in signal input power.

The impact of signal-to–pump power ratio, unsaturated amplifier gain, and pump power is further optimized with minimum Q factor penalty for 10-Gb/s and 20-Gb/s bit rate. We show that converted signal power increases up to power saturation level and then starts decreasing. We also show that with higher bit rate, we have a wide range of choices for pump power signal. We further investigate the quality of converted signal at 10 Gb/s, which shows an improvement over signal input power. Finally, the increase in transmission distance after wavelength conversion is investigated.     

20-Gb/s and Higher Bit Rate Optical Wavelength Conversion for RZ-DPSK Signal Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

We investigate 20 Gb/s wavelength conversion for return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) signal using four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). We show that the 10-Gb/s RZ-DPSK signal-to-pump ratio increases up to -0.286 dB with Q factor improvement of 1.663 dB for increasing the cascadeability of optical networks. The effect of variation in bandwidth for an ideal dual-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is illustrated. For different bit rates, the converted power signal is investigated with increase in signal input power. We show that the quality of converted signal is best before the saturation of SOA. The dependence of four-wave mixing (FWM) efficiency and converted signal power with signal input power is also studied, and it is found that FWM efficiency decreases with increase in signal input power.

The impact of signal-to-pump power ratio, unsaturated amplifier gain, and pump power is further optimized with minimum Q factor penalty for 10-Gb/s and 20-Gb/s bit rate. We show that converted signal power increases up to power saturation level and then starts decreasing. We also show that with higher bit rate, we have a wide range of choices for pump power signal. We further investigate the quality of converted signal at 10 Gb/s, which shows an improvement over signal input power. Finally, the increase in transmission distance after wavelength conversion is investigated.     

品质因数对薄膜体声波谐振器振荡器频率稳定度的影响北大核心CSCD

在薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)振荡器中,振荡器的有载品质因数(QL)和FBAR的品质因数(Q值)均与振荡器的频率稳定度有关。为了研究这两种品质因数对FBAR振荡器频率稳定度的影响,在COMSOL Multiphysics软件中建立了FBAR的多物理场模型,通过频域仿真和MBVD(Modified Butterworth-Van Dyke)模型参数拟合,得到了MBVD模型参数,并在ADS软件中建立了MBVD模型电路,通过S参数仿真结合求取Q值的Bode法得到了不同损耗对应的Q值;再建立基于Pierce架构的振荡器,通过谐波平衡仿真得到了相位噪声,通过分别改变QL和Q得到了二者对FBAR振荡器频率稳定度的影响。结果表明:频率稳定度随QL和Q的增大而增大,Q值随不同损耗的增大而减小。当FBAR的Q值低于338时,即使通过增大QL来提高频率稳定度,其效果也不佳,以此FBAR构成的振荡器将不能满足作为无线通信射频前端参考信号源或者FBAR传感器读出电路的要求。为FBAR参考信号源和FBAR传感器读出电路的设计提供了一定的参考。     

Sensitivity and detection limit of dual-waveguide coupled microring resonator biosensors

We show that a linear relation exists between the device sensitivity and the quality （Q） factor of a dual- waveguide coupled microring resonator optical biosensor when the optimal conditions are satisfied. We also show that the detection limit depends on the loss coefficient and signal-to-nosie ratio （SNR） of the overall system, rather than the circumference of the ring. For a microring resonator sensor whose Q factor is 20000, the detection limit is found to be about 10-7 with 30-dB SNR, which is in good agreement with reported experimental data. These results indicate that loss reduction is the top priority in the design and fabrication of highly sensitive microring resonator optical biosensors.     

High quality factor nitride-based optical cavities: microdisks with embedded GaN/Al(Ga)N quantum dots

We compare the quality factor values of the whispering gallery modes of microdisks (μ-disks) incorporating GaN quantum dots (QDs) grown on AlN and AlGaN barriers by performing room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL measurements show a large number of high Q factor resonant modes on the whole spectrum, which allows us to identify the different radial mode families and to compare them with simulations. We report a considerable improvement of the Q factor, which reflects the etching quality and the relatively low cavity loss by inserting QDs into the cavity. GaN/AlN QDs-based μ-disks show very high Q values (Q>7000) whereas the Q factor is only up to 2000 in μ-disks embedding QDs grown on the AlGaN barrier layer. We attribute this difference to the lower absorption below bandgap for AlN barrier layers at the energies of our experimental investigation.     

Ultrasmall-V high-Q photonic crystal nanobeam microcavities based on slot and hollow-core waveguides

Photonic crystal nanobeam microcavities based on slot and hollow-core waveguides were proposed and analyzed. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations show that both an ultrasmall modal volume (V) and a high quality (Q) factor can be obtained simultaneously in hollow-core-nanobeam mirocavities (HCNMs) due to the strong confinement of fields in the two lateral directions. For a 6.5-μm-long HCNM, the Q factor and V are on the order of 10? and 10?2(λ/2n)3, respectively. With compactness, lower fabrication requirements as well as ultrahigh Q/V, the proposed microcavities would be very promising in a variety of applications.     

LBO晶体和频产生589 nm激光的数值模拟及实验研究

 基于非线性光学理论，分析了1 064 nm和1 319 nm和频产生589 nm激光源的理论基础。针对LBO晶体的I类相位匹配条件及最佳晶体长度的选择进行了计算机数值模拟，给出了最佳晶体长度与总入射功率的关系曲线。当波矢量与光轴夹角为90°，波矢量方位角为3.39°时，计算出相应的有效和频系数为0.952×10^-12 m/V。设计了一种简便高效的实验和频方案，二极管泵浦Nd:YAG激光器经腔镜镀膜及腔内可倾斜标准具调谐，分别输出了波长为1 064 nm和1 319 nm的准连续激光，然后通过脉冲同步调节，实现了589 nm黄光输出，平均功率达到500 mW，光束质量因子M2约2.1，和频效率18%。