装置参数对狭缝天线激发的等离子体表面波传播的影响

采用时域有限差分法对矩形结构装置的等离子体表面波传播进行了三维数值模拟.研究了装置参数(如介质板相对介电常数、厚度以及介质板上方空气间隙)对天线阵列激发的等离子体表面波传播的影响,给出了合适的介质板相对介电常数和厚度,并指出空气间隙的存在会严重削弱天线阵列对表面波的激发.计算结果可为大面积矩形表面波等离子体源装置的优化设计提供参考. 关键词： 时域有限差分法 等离子体表面波 狭缝天线     

大面积表面波等离子体源微波功率吸收的数值模拟研究

建立了大面积矩形表面波等离子体(SWP)源全尺寸的三维模型,用数值模拟的方法研究了SWP源基于碰撞的功率吸收问题,给出了随等离子体参数变化的微波反射率曲线,分析了不同天线对微波功率沉积的影响,并讨论了微波功率吸收和表面波的定性关系. 结果发现,均匀放电的SWP源功率沉积本质是由表面波等离子体的性质决定的,等离子体密度太大或太小都不利于功率吸收. 在正常工作气压下,SWP源通过碰撞机理即可以实现微波功率的有效沉积,微波吸收率可达80%以上,与已有实验相符. 本研究同时发现,天线阵列激发的表面波模式越紧凑,强度越大,越有利于微波的吸收. 关键词： 时域有限差分法 等离子体表面波 功率吸收 狭缝天线     

等离子体天线表面电流分布与辐射特性研究

建立了表面波驱动等离子体天线装置,提出了一种等离子体天线表面电流指数分布模型,并利用该表面电流分布模型计算了天线的辐射方向图.研究结果表明,等离子体密度随轴向距离的增大呈指数衰减趋势.正常工作状态下表面波波矢虚部随等离子体密度的增大而下降,遵循与等离子体密度类似的指数衰减规律,但其实部则基本保持不变.等离子体天线的表面电流呈振幅指数衰减行波模式.利用该表面电流分布模型计算得到的辐射方向图呈现典型的8字形分布,与实验测量结果良好符合.当射频功率减小,等离子体天线辐射方向图宽化.     

柱形单极等离子体天线模型的多物理场研究（英文）

基于柱形单极表面波的等离子体天线结构的多物理场情况考虑了天线内部粒子的反应和运动等因素,通过ComsolMultiphysics软件,模拟感应耦合场、粒子运动场等,得到了天线内部的粒子分布、电子能量分布等以及等离子体天线的相关参数,同时分析各物理场之间的关系对等离子体天线的影响,发现感应耦合等离子体场在天线工作中起主要作用,有助于等离子体天线的参数重构控制.     

2 cm电子回旋共振离子推力器离子源中磁场对等离子体特性与壁面电流影响的数值模拟

电子回旋共振离子推力器(electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster,ECRIT)离子源内等离子体分布会影响束流引出,而磁场结构决定的ECR区与天线的相对位置共同影响了等离子体分布.在鞘层作用下,等离子体中的离子或电子被加速对壁面产生溅射,形成壁面离子或电子电流,造成壁面磨损和等离子体损失,因此研究壁面电流与等离子体特征十分重要.为此本文建立2 cm ECRIT的粒子PIC/MCC(particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collision)仿真模型,数值模拟研究磁场结构对离子源内等离子体与壁面电流特性的影响.计算表明,当ECR区位于天线上游时,等离子体集中在天线上游和内外磁环间,栅极前离子密度最低,故离子源引出束流、磁环端面电流和天线壁面电流较低.ECR区位于天线下游时,天线和栅极上游附近的等离子体密度较高,故离子源引出束流、天线壁面电流和磁环端面电流较高.腔体壁面等离子体分布与电流受磁场影响最小.     

感应耦合等离子体的1维流体力学模拟

 采用双极扩散近似的流体力学模型，通过数值模拟方法研究了射频感应耦合等离子体(ICP)中等离子体密度和电子温度等物理量的空间分布，其中射频源的功率沉积由动力学理论给出。分析了不同的射频线圈的驱动电流和放电气压对等离子体密度和电子温度空间分布的影响。在低气压下，等离子体密度基本上保持空间均匀分布。随着放电压强的增加，等离子体密度的分布呈现出明显的空间不均匀性。当线圈电流增大时，等离子体密度和电子温度都随着增大。     

HL-2A装置边缘等离子体的实验观测

HL-2A装置边缘等离子体在中平面的特性是通过可移动的探针组、快速扫描气动4探针和LHW天线边缘的固定4探针进行研究的。用于测量主等离子体边缘的温度、密度、悬浮电位、空间电位、径向和极向电场、雷诺协强、径向和极向等离子体流速及其径向分布。偏滤器靶板上的14组嵌入式静电3探针阵列用于测量同一环向截面的内外中性化板上的电子温度、密度、悬浮电位及其分布。     

超越SNOM探针通光孔径尺寸的金属纳米间隙超分辨测量

采用电磁场有限元方法,数值模拟了孔径型扫描近场光学显微镜(aperture Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy,a-SNOM)在照明模式下的工作过程.针对金偶极天线结构,改变天线长度和纳米间隙尺寸,计算了a-SNOM探针孔径的远场辐射速率随探针端面中心坐标变化的扫描曲线,实现了超越a-SNOM探针通光孔径尺寸的天线金属纳米间隙的超分辨测量,对于100nm通光孔径的探针,可分辨最小尺寸为10nm(0.016倍波长)的金属间隙.通过对比金属和介质偶极天线的a-SNOM探针远场辐射速率测量的计算结果,表明天线金属纳米间隙的超分辨测量的实现是由于金属间隙表面等离激元的激发.     

柱形等离子体辐射场和阻抗的数值计算

由柱形非磁化等离子体色散关系，得到信号沿柱形等离子体传输波矢空间分布，再根据天线方程推导得到柱形等离子体在轴向密度均匀、不均匀情况下辐射方向图、辐射阻抗与增益等参数.理论计算结果与实验都证明了柱形等离子体辐射方向图随等离子体参数变化而改变，同时实验结果表明，重新得到的数值计算结果更加精确，更加符合实际测量结果，这对等离子体作为天线传输具有重要的参考价值. 关键词： 柱形等离子体 辐射阻抗 辐射方向图     

具有非广延分布电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘的结构

很多关于等离子体鞘层的研究工作都是基于电子满足经典的麦克斯韦速度分布函数,而等离子体中的粒子具有长程电磁相互作用,使用Tsallis提出的非广延分布来描述电子更为恰当.本文建立一个具有非广延分布电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘模型,理论推导出受非广延参数q影响的玻姆判据,离子马赫数的下限数值会随着参数q的增大而减小.经过数值模拟,发现与具有麦克斯韦分布(q=1)电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘对比,具有超广延分布(q<1)和亚广延分布(q>1)电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘的结构各有不同,包括空间电势分布、离子电子密度分布、空间电荷密度分布.模拟结果显示非广延分布的参数q对碰撞等离子体磁鞘的结构具有不可忽略的影响.希望这些结论对相关的天体物理、等离子体边界问题的研究有参考价值.     

激光烧蚀CH薄膜特性

报道了神光Ⅱ装置上激光膜相互作用的实验,实验利用能量计和光电管测量激光与CH薄膜作用前后的能量和时间波形的变化。结果表明:激光对CH薄膜透过率由作用产生的激光等离子体电子密度决定;功率密度为1.01014 W/cm2的激光与CH薄膜作用下,入射激光能量脉冲前沿与薄膜作用产生激光等离子体;在200 ps时,激光等离子体电子密度稀疏到临界密度以下,激光开始透过等离子体;在700 ps后,等离子体密度远低于临界密度,激光完全透过激光等离子体。     

Modeling of a hemispherical inductively coupled plasma using neural network

In this study, a hemispherical inductively coupled plasma (HICP) was modeled by using a neural network called a radial basis function network (RBFN). The prediction performance of RBFN models were optimized by using a genetic algorithm. Using a Langmuir probe, experimental data were collected from the HICP equipment of 10 turns. For a systematic modeling, plasma discharge was characterized by using a statistical experiment. The process parameters involved include a radio frequency source power, pressure, position of probe tip, and Cl₂ flow rate. The plasma characteristics modeled include plasma density and electron temperature. From the optimized models, 3D plots were generated to explore parameter effects. Plasma density (or electron temperature) was the most strongly dependent on the tip position. The effect of source power on plasma density was almost independent of Cl₂ flow rate. The effect of pressure was inclined to slightly decrease plasma density. Unlike in other plasma sources, electron temperature was little affected by pressure. The effect of Cl₂ flow rate of increasing electron temperature was the most significant under higher plasma density.     

悬浮液雾化进样感耦等离子体基本参数研究——Ⅱ等离子体电子密度测定

研究了悬浮液雾化进样感耦等离子体原子发射光谱基本参数-等离子体电子密度的测定。实验使用Stark效应常用的谱线H_β线来计算等离子体电子密度。测定结果表明悬浮液雾化进样同水溶液雾化进样感耦等离子体原子发射光谱时等离子体电子密度没有发生显著的变化,数值基本上为1015数量级。固含量高达10％ TiO₂悬浮液雾化进样等离子体原子发射光谱,电子密度测定结果仅有微小的降低。高固含量悬浮液雾化进样等离子体原子发射光谱没有显著地影响等离子体电子密度,有助于使用高固含量悬浮液雾化进样等离子体原子发射光谱来进行痕量元素分析测定。     

Potential formation and high density plasma production on the tandem mirror GAMMA 10

GAMMA 10 experiments have advanced in high density experiments after the last EPS Workshop where we reported high density plasma production by using an ion cyclotron range of frequency heating at a high harmonic frequency and neutral beam injection in the central cell. Recently a high density plasma was obtained with much improved reproducibility than before and without degradation of diamagnetic signal. The high density plasma was attained by adjusting the spacing of the conducting plates installed in the anchor transition regions. Dependencies of particle confinement time, ion energy confinement time and plasma confining potential on plasma density were obtained for the first time in the high density region. Presented at 5th Workshop “Role of Electric Fields in Plasma Confinement and Exhaust”, Montreus, Switzerland, June 23–24, 2002.     

Enhanced Beat Wave Saturation Amplitude in an Ionizing Plasma

The excitation of a plasma wave by two laser beams, whose frequency difference is near the plasma frequency, is studied in a plasma with a density that is slowly increasing with time due to ongoing ionization as appropriate for experiments done in laser breakdown plasmas. Numerical integration of the relativistic equation for the evolution of the wave amplitude reveals that for a rate of increase of the plasma density of approximately 1017 cm-3/ns at a laser intensity I = 1014 W/cm2, the wave amplitude can rise considerably above the relativistic saturation limit of Rosenbluth and Liu which was obtained for a plasma of constant density. This increase in plasma density compensates the reduction in plasma frequency caused by the relativistic electron mass increase when the wave amplitude is large. The frequency and phase excursions of the plasma wave are reduced for an optimum time increasing density. We find that moderate damping can stabilize both the amplitude and the phase of the plasma wave with respect to the pump.     

Plasma expansion and current flow in a vacuum arc with a smallanode

A low-density plasma flow in a vacuum arc with a small anode, which intercepts only part of the cathodic plasma jet, was studied theoretically using a two-dimensional approximation. The plasma expansion was modeled using the sourceless steady-state hydrodynamic equations, where the free boundary of the plasma was determined by a self-consistent solution of the gasdynamic and electrical current equations. Magnetic forces from the azimuthal self-magnetic field were taken into account. The influence of the ratio of the anode radius to initial plasma jet radius on the plasma density, velocity, current distribution, and anode sheath potential drop is analyzed. It is shown that the mass and current flow in a 500 A arc are compressed near the axis. This leads to an increase in the plasma density by a factor of two and in the axial current density by a factor of 1.5     

Photo-ionized lithium source for plasma accelerator applications

A photo-ionized lithium source is developed for plasma acceleration applications. A homogeneous column of lithium neutral vapor with a density of 2×10^15-3 is confined by helium gas in a heat-pipe oven. A UV laser pulse ionizes the vapor. In this device, the length of the neutral vapor and plasma column is 25 cm. The plasma density was measured by laser interferometry in the visible on the lithium neutrals and by CO₂ laser interferometry on the plasma electrons. The maximum measured plasma density was 2.9×10 ¹⁴ cm^-3, limited by the available UV fluence (≈83 mJ/cm²), corresponding to a 15% ionization fraction. After ionization, the plasma density decreases by a factor of two in about 12 μs. These results show that such a plasma source is scaleable to lengths of the order of 1 m and should satisfy all the requirements for demonstrating the acceleration of electrons by 1 GeV in a 1-GeV/m amplitude plasma wake     

Experimental results of helicon sources

Helicon plasma sources are known as efficient generators of uniform and high density plasma.A helicon plasma source was developed for the investigation of plasma stripping and plasma lenses at the Institute of Modern Physics, CAS.In this paper, the characteristics of helicon plasma have been studied by using a Langmuir four-probe and a high plasma density up to 3.9×10~(13)/cm~3 has been achieved with the Nagoya type Ⅲ antenna.In the experiment, several important phenomena were found: (1) for a given magnetic induction intensity, the plasma density became greater with the increase of RF power; (2) helicon mode appeared at RF power between 300 W and 400 W; (3) the plasma density gradually tended to saturation as the RF power increased to the higher power; (4) a higher plasma density can be obtained by a good match between the RF power and the magnetic field distribution.The key issue is how to optimize the matching between the RF power and the magnetic field.Moreover, some tests on the extraction of ion beams were performed, and preliminary results are given.The problems which existed in the helicon ion source will be discussed and the increase in beam density will be expected by extraction system optimum.     

静电探针测量强流电子束电离气体产生的等离子体密度

 用电离理论和核物理学中讨论电子束通过介质后的能量损耗方法分别估算了强流电子束电离中性气体产生的等离子体的密度。在实验中将静电探针应用于测量强流电子束电离氮气产生的等离子体的密度,得出等离子体密度随气压变化的曲线。实验结果表明在1～15帕气压范围内,等离子体密度在量级,与理论结果相符,证明静电探针用于诊断强流相对论电子束电离中性气体产生的等离子体的密度是可行的。     

Enhancement of relativistic harmonic generation by an optically preformed periodic plasma waveguide

Enhancement of relativistic third-harmonic generation by using an optically preformed periodic plasma waveguide was achieved. Resonant dependence of harmonic intensity on plasma density and density modulation parameters was observed, which is a distinct characteristic of quasi-phase-matching. The results demonstrate the potential of a modulated plasma waveguide in high-field applications.