Synthesis,spectroscopic, and computational studies of charge‐transfer complexation between benzidine with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone and chloronil

The solid charge transfer (CT) complexes that have been formed from the reactions of donor benzidine (BZ) and the π‐acceptors such as 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) and chloronil (CHL) have been studied and characterized experimentally and theoretically. The experimental work which includes the use of UV‐visible spectroscopy to identify the CT band of the CT‐complex. The composition of the complexes has been investigated successfully by using spectrophotometric titration and Job method of continuous variation to be 1:1. Furthermore, to calculate the formation constant and molar extinction coefficient, we have used the Benesi‐Hildebrand equation. Infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral studies were used to characterize and confirm the formation of CT‐complex. The experimental studies were well supported by quantum chemical simulations by using density functional theory. The computational analysis of molecular geometry, Mulliken charges, and molecular electrostatic potential surfaces of reactants and complexes is very much helpful in assigning the CT route. The C═O bond length of DDQ and CHL increased upon complexation with BZ. We have also observed that the substantial amount of charge has been transferred from BZ to DDQ and CHL in the process of complexation. An excellent consistency has been achieved between experimental and theoretical results.     

Molecular spectroscopic studies of charge transfer complexes of thiourea derivatives with benzoquinones

Charge transfer complexes of substituted-N-aryl-N-4-(-p-anisyl-5-arylazothiazolyl)thiourea with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinones (DDQ), chloranilic acid (CHLA), chloranil (CHL), bromanil (BRL) and iodanil (IDL) in methylene chloride were investigated spectrophotometrically to determine association constants (K), molar extinction coefficients (ε) and stoichiometric ratio. The effect of thermodynamic parameters (ΔG* and ΔH) on the stability of the complexes are discussed and the transition energy (E) of the CT complexes are reported. The solid CT complexes of the substituted-N-aryl-N-4-(-p-anisyl-5-arylazothiazolyl)thiourea with the above acceptors have been prepared and investigated by IR, electronic, ¹H NMR and ESR spectroscopy. Nonacidic acceptors yield complexes having π–π* and n–π* bonding. Acidic acceptors yield complexes having π–π* and proton transfer interaction. The formation of 1:2 (D:A) complexes is also ascertained.     

Spectroscopic and thermal studies on charge-transfer complexes of perhydroisoquinoline with p-chloranil, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, and 7,7′,8,8′-tetracyanoquinodimethane

Charge-transfer interactions of perhydroisoquinoline (PHIQ) with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4- benzoquinone (DDQ), p-chloranil (CHL), and 7,7′,8,8′-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in chloroform as a solvent have resulted in stable complexes with a general formula [(PHIQ)(acceptor)] with a molar ratio of 1:1 (donor:acceptor). Elemental (C, H, N) and thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) analyses, photometric titration, and electronic, infrared, and ¹H NMR spectra were used to give an idea of the charge-transfer interaction between donating and accepting sites. The Benesi–Hildebrand method and its modification were used to determine an association constant (K) and a molar extinction coefficient (ε).     

Validated Spectroflurimetric Determination of Some H1 Receptor Antagonist Drugs in Pharmaceutical Preparations Through Charge Transfer Complexation

A validated simple, rapid, and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of some antihistaminic H₁ receptor antagonist drugs namely ebastine (EBS), cetirizine dihydrochloride (CTZ), and fexofenadine hydrochloride (FXD). The method is based on the reaction of the cited drugs with some Π acceptors namely p-chloranilic acid (CLA), tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) to give highly fluorescent derivatives. The fluorescence intensity—concentration plots were rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 0.2–3.0, 0.2–2.5 and 0.15–2.0 μg/ml for EBS with CLA, DDQ, and TCNE respectively; 0.5–7.0, 0.5–6.0, and 0.2–4.0 μg/ml for CTZ with the previously mentioned reagents, and 0.2–3.5, 0.5–6.0, and 0.2–3.5 μg/ml for FXD. The factors affecting the formation of the reaction products were carefully studied and optimized. The method was applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their dosage forms. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by the comparison methods. Reactions Stoichiometries of the complexes formed between the studied drugs and Π acceptors were defined by the Job’s method of the continuous variation and found in 1:1 in all cases.     

“Charge transfer Complexes of Indolyldiene Aniline derivatives with p-benzoquinone derivatives”

Abstract

Charge transfer (CT) complexes of p-benzoquinone derivatives with Indolyldiene aniline derivatives have been prepared and investigated by Elemental analysis, IR, ¹H-NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The spectral changes revealed that acidic acceptors form complexes with π - π? electronic interaction and proton transfer while non-acidic acceptors yield complexes having π - π transition only. The formation of 1:2 (D:A) complexes is also ascertained. The ionization potential and electron affinity are determined from the electronic absorption spectra for both the donors and acceptors respectivily.     

TCNQ和TMB电荷转移配合物自组装膜的制备及光谱研究

本文利用layer-by-layer技术制备了以TMB为电子给体以TCNQ为电子受体的电荷转移配合物自组装膜。在自组装膜的付立叶-红外透射光谱中TCNQ组分的C≡N的伸缩振动峰出现在2205cm-1,与游离的中性TCNQ中的C≡N峰位置明显不同。这不仅证明TCNQ和TMB确实形成了电荷转移配合物,而且可以据此计算出电荷转移配合物的电荷转移度为0.42。自组装膜的紫外-可见-近红外光谱中,出现一个非常宽的吸收带,中心位置在2030nm处,说明形成的电荷转移配合物是混合堆积排列。从原子力显微镜照片可以看出,电荷转移配合物自组装膜的表面形貌是由颗粒组成的,这些颗粒的尺寸约为80nm。     

Structural Elucidation of Griseofulvin-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone Complex

A sensitive spectrophotometric procedure for the estimation of griseofulvin (Antibiotic Ant (fungal) through electron transfer complexation reaction is proposed The pocedure was based on the interaction of the drug oxime with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) in acelonitrile media). The optimal experimental conditions, molar ratio of reactants and the applicability of the suggested method to assay the drug in tablet forms were studied. The reaction product was isolated in a crystalline form and subjected to spectroscopic investigation by means of infrared (IR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The structure elucidation studies of the complex confirmed the radical ion formation.     

基于TCNQ电荷转移化合物的合成与光谱性质

π电子受体TCNQ的电荷转移化合物有奇特的电学和磁学性质,在该类电荷转移化合物中,TCNQ的形态对化合物的性质有较大的影响。文章合成了两种电荷转移化合物[RBz(4-CH₃)Py][TCNQ](R=Br(1),I(2)),通过元素分析、红外光谱和拉曼光谱对其进行了表征。这两种化合物的元素分析结果显示与理论值一致。通常在2 200 cm-1附近的C≡N的伸缩频率经常被用来确定TCNQ分子的电荷,TCNQ中性分子的ν(CN)在2 222 cm-1以上,而这两种化合物的ν(CN)都向低波数移动,在2 185～2 156 cm-1之间。通过对两种化合物红外和拉曼光谱的测定,显示了其中的TCNQ形态是TCNQ阴离子自由基（TCNQ－）。     

光谱法研究N—烃基吖啶满和10,10‘—地烃基—9,9’—联二吖烯？…

ＵＶ，ＩＲ，ＥＳＲ和荧光光谱法研究了Ｎ－烃基吖啶满和１０，１０’－二烃基－９，９’－联二吖啶烯与π－电子受体：ＤＤＱ、ＴＣＮＱ、ＴＣＮＥ、ＣＡ的氧化反应过程，提出了它们的氧化反应机理。     

Spectrophotometric determination of bisoprolol in pharmaceutical preparations by charge transfer reactions

A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination, of bisoprolol was developed. The proposed methods were based on the charge-transfer reactions of bisoprolol, as n-electron donor, with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoqumodimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as ??-acceptors to give highly colored complexes. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, recovery and specificity. Beer??s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 10?C60 and 10?C80 ??g/mL bisoprolol with TCNQ and DDQ, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the assay of bisoprolol in pharmaceutical preparations.     

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Honey with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone in the Presence of β-cyclodextrin

A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of four fluoroquinolone antibacterials namely norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and gatifloxacin (GAT) in honey through charge transfer (CT) complex formation with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), and then the inclusion complexes of FQs-DDQ with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were formed, which resulted in drastic fluorescence enhancement. The effect of several parameters including the concentration of reactants, reaction temperature, time and ultrasonic treatment on the efficiency of the proposed method involving CT reaction and inclusion interaction was systematically investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) for four FQs in honey varied from 11.6 to 15.4 μg/kg (signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)?=?3). The intra- and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.6–4.0 % (n?=?5) for four FQs. The calibration graph was linear from 42.8 to 1346.8 μg/kg with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9905. The recoveries of four FQs at three different spiked concentrations in honey samples ranged from 80.9 % to 92.8 %. The results indicated that the method was successfully applied for analyzing FQs in honey.     

两种新型电荷转移盐的合成和光谱研究

合成了两种新的有机盐[NO₂BzPy]Cl(1)和[NO₂BzPyNH₂]Cl(2),(1)[或(2)]与K[TCNQ]₂进一步反应生成[NO₂BzPy] [TCNQ]₂ (3)和[NO₂BzPyNH₂] [TCNQ]₂(4)。光谱数据表明：TCNQ盐中存在TCNQ0和TCNQ-,并形成了一维TCNQ分子柱,且TCNQ₀和TCNQ-之间存在相互作用,部分电荷从[TCNQ]-₂向阳离子([NO₂BzPy]+和[NO₂BzPyNH₂]+)转移。     

4,4’-联吡啶桥联的链状Zn(Ⅱ)配合物：合成、晶体结构和对Tb(Ⅲ)离子的荧光敏化

以硝酸锌与3,4’-联苯二甲酸(3,4’-H₂dpdc),4,4’-联吡啶(4,4’-bpy)为反应物,以水为溶剂,适当调节pH值,通过水热反应,得到配合物[Zn(3,4’-Hdpdc)₂(4,4’-bpy)](Zn-MOF)。利用X射线单晶衍射测试分析确定了该配合物是由4,4’-bpy配体桥联Zn(Ⅱ)离子形成的 “Z”形链结构,属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群。在278 nm激发下,Zn-MOF的荧光发射光谱在341～537 nm范围出现宽发射峰,最强发射峰波长406 nm,属于配体的π*-π跃迁。研究了该配合物对Tb(Ⅲ)离子发光性能的影响。实验结果表明,Zn-MOF可敏化甲醇和水溶液中的Tb(Ⅲ)离子,使Tb(Ⅲ)离子的特征荧光发射峰增强。在荧光光谱490,545,585和624 nm出现强的线状发射峰,对应于Tb(Ⅲ)离子的5D₄→7F_J (J=6～3)跃迁。最强发射峰位于545 nm (5D₄→7F₅),为绿光。Zn-MOF可用作荧光探针检测甲醇和水溶液中的Tb(Ⅲ)离子。     

IR spectra of cyclic hydrogen-bonded complexes of bifunctional nitrogen compounds in solution

We measured the IR absorption spectra of self-associates and complexes with carboxylic acids of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP), diphenylformamidine (DPFA), diphenyltriazene (DPT), and diphenylguanidine (DPG) in solutions in a wide range of concentrations and temperatures and calculated spectroscopic, geometric, and energy characteristics of complexes in the quantum-mechanical harmonic and anharmonic 1D and 2D approximations. Spectroscopic data show that, in the case of DMP, cyclic trimers are predominantly formed; DPFA and DPG form cyclic dimers with two NH...N bonds in inert solvents, whereas, upon the complexation of DPT, cyclic structures do not occur, and only open dimers are formed. Upon the interaction of DMP, DPFA, and DPT with weak carboxylic acids (HCOOH, CH₃COOH, CH₂ClCOOH) in CCl₄ or in CH₂Cl₂, molecular cyclic structures with NH...O=C and OH...N H-bonds are formed, whereas cyclic dimer complexes with stronger acids (CHCl₂COOH, CCl₃COOH, CF₃COOH) predominantly have the structure of hydrogen-bonded ion pairs with proton transfer from the hydroxyl group to the proton-acceptor nitrogen atom. The calculations of the structure and vibrational frequencies using various basis sets of atomic functions confirm the formation of cyclic complexes in accordance with experimental results and, in the case of interaction with strong carboxylic acids, the proton transfer along the OH...N hydrogen bridge.     

Fabrication of Semiconductor Polymer Membranes Combined with a Colored Charge Transfer Complexes Used in the Manufacture of Solar Cells as a Source of Alternative Energy

The main task of this article was to prepared of new pigment model in situ solar cells accordance to charge-transfer complexes of rhodamine C (RhC) donor as dye laser gain media with iodine (σ-acceptor) and chloranilic acid, CLA (π-acceptor). The synthesis stoichiometry of these complexes were of 1∶2 (donor∶acceptor) with general formulas [(RhC)]I·I₃ and [(RhC)(CLA)₂]. The discussed data of elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and photometric titration data visualized the stoichiometry, formula and complexity of the complexes. The physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses obtained suggested that the electron transfer occurred through nitrogen atom in a tertiary amine -N(C₂H₅)₂ of RhC donor with acceptor. The synthesized solid complexes were under go to thermogravimetric analyses to investigate their thermal stability and decomposition steps. The molar conductance measurements revealed that RhC complexes have an electrolytic statement. The thermal stability of rhodamine C complexes was enhanced in comparable with RhC itself. The polymer membranes of poly-methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) combined with the RhC charge(transfer complexes in chloroform solvent have been prepared and characterized by (infrared & electronic) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological examination. The photo-stability properties of the RhC complexes have been investigated.     

Dawson结构钼钒磷电荷转移配合物的合成及光谱研究

由(E)-N-丁基-4-(2-(4-二甲氨基苯基)乙烯基)吡啶溴化物与Dawson结构钼钒磷杂多酸合成了一系列组成为(C₁₉H₂₅N₂)₆H_n[P₂Mo_18-nV_nO₆₂]的有机-无机电荷转移配合物。用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、固体漫反射可见-近红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等研究了阴阳离子在固态和溶液中的相互作用。结果表明,该系列固体配合物中阴阳离子间存在着较强的相互作用。     

Hydrogen‐bonded complexes of sulfonamides and thioamides with DMF: FT‐IR and DFT study,NBO analysis

The structure of H‐complexes of dimethylformamide (DMF) with N‐(2,2,2‐trichloro‐1‐hydroxyethyl)‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (1), N‐[1‐(4‐chlorophenylsulfonylamino)‐2,2,2‐trichloro)ethyl]dithiooxamide (2), N,N'‐bis[2,2‐dichloro‐1‐(4‐chlorophenylsulfonylamino)‐2‐phenylethyl]ethanebis(thioamide) (3) and N,N'‐bis[2,2,2‐trichloro‐1‐(phenylsulfonylamino)ethyl]ethanebis(thioamide) (3a) as proton donors was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory calculations. According to calculations, the interaction of DMF with the sulfonamide and thioamide NH groups in the complexes strongly affects the intramolecular H‐bonding in 1–3. From the natural bond orbital analysis, complexation with DMF strongly decreases the energy of the intramolecular N?H · · · S = C bonds, up to their rupture. Variation of the strength of the intra‐ and intermolecular H‐bonds in the complexes is consistent with the calculated frequencies of the NH and OH stretching vibrations, and the analysis of the corresponding bands in the IR spectra allows to suggest the preferable structure of the formed H‐complexes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

K7[P2Mo4W13M(H2O)O61]及其有机复合材料的合成及光谱研究

用降解法制得了Dawson结构铬、铁取代的磷钼钨酸钾,并将其与溴化(E)-N-丁基-4-(2-(4-二甲氨基苯基)乙烯基)吡啶反应制备了有机复合材料.通过元素分析和TG-DTA确定了配合物的组成分别为K7[P2Mo4W13M(H2O)O61](M=Cr(1),Fe(2))和(C19H25N2)6K3[P2Mo4W13MO62](M=Cr(3),Fe(4)).利用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、固体漫反射紫外-可见-近红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱以及荧光光谱对上述化合物进行了表征,并研究了复合材料中无机与有机组分间的相互作用及其荧光性质.     

Investigating molecular charge transfer complexes with a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope

Electron donor-acceptor molecular charge transfer complexes (CTCs) formed by alpha-sexithiophene (6T) and tetrafluoro-tetracyano-quinodimethane (F4TCNQ) on a Au(111) surface are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy, spectroscopy, and spectroscopic imaging at 6 K. New hybrid molecular orbitals are formed in the CTCs, and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the CTC is mainly located on the electron accepting F4TCNQ while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is predominantly positioned on the electron donating 6T. We observed the conductance switching of F4TCNQ inside CTCs, which may find potential applications in novel molecular device operations.     

Studies on the antagonistic action between chloramphenicol and quinolones with presence of bovine serum albumin by fluorescence spectroscopy

Chloramphenicol (CHL) and quinolone drugs like ofloxacin (OFLX), lomefloxacin (LMX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) can all quench the fluorescence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the aqueous solution of pH=7.40. This quenching effect becomes more significant when CHL and quinolone drugs coexist. Based on this, further studies on the interactions between CHL and quinolone drugs using fluorescence spectrum are established. The results showed that the interaction between the drugs would increase the binding constant and binding stability of the drug and protein, thus reducing the amount of drugs transported to their targets. Therefore, free drug concentration at targets would decrease, reducing the efficacy of the drugs. It indicated that there exists antagonistic action between drugs. The results also showed that the quenching mechanism of BSA by the drugs is a static procedure. The number of binding sites is 1 in various systems. Due to the existence of the antagonistic action between drugs, the binding distance r is reduced. Studies utilizing synchronous spectra showed that the antagonistic action between the drugs would affect the conformation of BSA, making protein molecules extend and hydrophobic decrease. The order of antagonistic action between CHL and quinolone drugs is: CPFX>OFLX>LMX with presence of BSA.