点缺陷阵列对声子晶体波导定向辐射性能的影响

将点缺陷阵列应用于声子晶体波导,提出一种具有高定向辐射性能的复合声子晶体波导. 基于有限元法的数值分析表明,附加到声子晶体波导表面的点缺陷阵列可激发出作为次级声源的谐振模. 谐振模辐射的声波与波导出射端口直接辐射的声波相互干涉,可以使声子晶体波导的法向辐射声压提高161.21%、发散角减小85.35%. 当点缺陷的数目增大到一定程度后,波导的定向辐射性能不再有明显的改善. 该研究为改善波导的定向辐射性能提供了一种新方法. 关键词： 声子晶体波导 点缺陷 谐振模 定向辐射     

大弹性常数差二维声子晶体带隙计算中的集中质量法

通过引入振动力学中的连续系统离散化的思想，将一维集中质量法延伸至二维，提出一种二维声子晶体带隙特性计算的集中质量法. 进而采用该算法对两种正方晶格的二维声子晶体的带结构进行了计算，计算结果与传统的平面波展开法相符合. 通过对计算结果以及两种算法收敛性的分析，发现集中质量法的收敛性对组成声子晶体的不同材料弹性参数差不敏感，这使得该算法在计算大弹性常数差二维声子晶体的带隙特性时较平面波展开法收敛速度更快. 此外，集中质量法对二维声子晶体单元形状没有特殊要求，这使得它更加适用于声子晶体带隙特性的计算. 关键词： 声子晶体 声子带隙 集中质量法     

基于二硫化钼的可调一维声子晶体

声子晶体所具有的负折射率、 局域缺陷态与弹性波带隙等特性, 使其在声学隐身、 声学波导以及减震降噪等方向展现了巨大的潜力. 同时, 二硫化钼优异的电学和力学性能使其成为制备纳米机电器件的理想材料. 将单层二硫化钼转移到预先图案化的周期性结构上, 可以制备出纳米尺度的声子晶体器件. 本文设计了一种通过将单层二硫化钼转移贴合在预先制备的周期性沟槽阵列上, 形成一维声子晶体的方案. 有限元分析表明, 这种声子晶体在MHz 范围存在声子能带结构, 可以实现对声波传播的控制. 我们可以通过改变结构参数, 或者通过改变施加在栅电极上的电压, 对能带进行调控. 这种结构为开发基于二维材料的纳米尺度的声子晶体器件提供了可能性.     

一维压电Fibonacci类准周期声子晶体传输特性

基于传输矩阵法研究了一维压电Fibonacci类准周期声子晶体的传输特性, 比较了一维Fibonacci序列压电准周期声子晶体与非压电准周期声子晶体以及压电周期性声子晶体的透射性. 计算结果表明:弹性波通过一维准周期结构压电声子晶体时与周期性声子晶体一样会有带隙的出现, 且发现具有压电性的Fibonacci序列准周期声子晶体禁带宽度发生了展宽. 进一步讨论了入射角度对固定频率下声子透射系数的影响,结果表明一维压电Fibonacci序列准周期结构声子透射性依赖于入射角度的选取.     

二维声子晶体平板成像中的通道特征

利用多重散射理论分析了钢/水声子晶体平板成像过程.发现平板成像中的散射波会聚具有散射通道特征.对于确定的声源位置,不同入射角信号对应不同的通道;耦合进入通道的信号强度也不相同.小角度入射波能较强地耦合进入通道;大角度入射波在入射表面受到强烈散射,较弱地耦合进入通道.非理想成像情况下,不同入射角信号通过平板成像的位置不同,因而形成像差.声源位置改变,对应的通道亦随之改变.散射通道与声子晶体的各向异性能带结构和多重散射密切相关.     

新型功能材料——声子晶体

声子晶体是20世纪90年代初提出的一种新型声学功能材料，这种周期性弹性结构具有许多重要性质，如声波带隙特性，即处于禁带频率范围内的振动或声波将被禁止在晶体中传播。通过求解声波在晶体中的运动方程可以设计一定的声子禁带和允带，而声子禁带与声波异质结构中声子的安德森局域化问题密切相关。文章重点阐述了声子晶体的主要特征、理论研究方法、潜在应用及前景展望。     

面向目标的定向声辐射技术及其应用研究

面向目标的定向声辐射是指利用声源特性和阵列信号处理技术,将声波传送至目标方向或区域的声场控制方法。本文介绍了定向声辐射技术的原理和进展,重点阐述了普通扬声器阵列和参量阵扬声器这两种声源形式的理论、算法和应用研究。其中,针对扬声器阵列,主要分析了基于声能量对比度控制的声聚焦技术;针对参量阵扬声器,综述了利用非线性效应产生高指向性可听声的计算方法、信号预处理和应用等进展。面向目标的定向声辐射技术的研究对实现智能声场控制有着重要意义。     

二维声子晶体带隙计算中的时域有限差分方法

通过将各向同性介质动态弹性方程转化为一阶双曲型波动方程，采用交错网格法改进了O(2,4)的时域有限差分算法. 进而将其应用于二维声子晶体带隙特性计算，理论计算结果和实验结果符合较好，证明该方法适用于声子晶体带隙特性的计算. 关键词： 声子晶体 声子带隙 时域有限差分 交错网格PACC：     

一维准周期结构声子晶体透射性质的研究

提出了一维准周期结构的声子晶体模型.对弹性波通过该一维准周期结构声子晶体的透射系数进行了数值计算，并与周期结构的透射系数进行了比较.计算结果表明，弹性波通过一维准周期结构声子晶体时，同样会有带隙的出现，且带隙所在频率范围与周期结构的情形完全一样，不同的是在准周期结构声子晶体中，带隙内有很强的局域共振模.对此局域模性质的研究有助于声波或弹性波滤波器的制作. 关键词： 准周期结构 声子晶体 局域化     

一维固-固结构圆柱声子晶体中弹性波的传输特性

利用一维固-固结构圆柱声子晶体中弹性波横向受限的条件,推导出弹性波在其中各个模式满足的关系式,利用它研究了弹性波各模式的特性.并利用转移矩阵研究了弹性波的传输特性随模式量子数和圆柱半径的变化规律.得出了一些一维固-固结构圆柱声子晶体的新特征,即弹性波的传输特性由模式量子数和圆柱半径决定. 关键词： 圆柱声子晶体 弹性波 受限 模式     

Transmission and radiation of acoustic oblique incident through tube arrays based on phononic crystals theory

In a utility boiler, the heat exchanger’s structure is similar to a two-dimensional phononic crystal. Based on the phononic crystal theory, this paper studies sound propagation through tube arrays as a function of the incident sound direction and the surroundings temperature. We carried out both the computational and experimental work for particular values of the pitch and diameters in the tube arrays and studied the band-gap diagram and insertion loss spectra for different angles of incidence. The first band gap is found to correspond to Bragg’s Law while the second band gap moves to lower frequencies as the angle increases. Simulations indicate also that the uneven temperature field influences the insertion loss spectrum. Results of experiments and calculations confirm that, for a particular tube array, the most important factors influencing sound propagation are incidence angle and the surrounding temperature. For the acoustic source in tube arrays, the acoustic radiation have relation with the frequency whether in the acoustic bang gap or not. The results should provide a basis for further work: both on sound source localization and low frequency sonic cleaning in large tube arrays.     

驻波声场中圆柱形管道周围颗粒的运动特性

针对圆柱形管道外部的流体与颗粒介质运动问题,提出了结合圆柱周围声辐射力和声流Stokes力的研究方法。从柱体外部声流方程出发,得到影响涡流结构的无量纲参数Rem≥325.27时,外涡最大流速大于内涡最大流速。在此基础上,采用Nyborg的边界滑移速度理论,获得管道外部声流的极限滑移速度,推导得出圆柱附近的声辐射力公式。基于此公式,在理论上推导出颗粒速度为0、声辐射力和声流Stokes力平衡时,颗粒临界直径的表达式。通过对圆柱位于不同位置时,圆柱外部的颗粒运动进行仿真模拟,得到与理论公式相一致的结论:颗粒的临界直径的大小与声波频率有关,当颗粒直径小于临界直径时,声流Stokes力为主导,颗粒随声流运动,颗粒直径大于等于临界直径时,声辐射力为主导,颗粒在声辐射力作用下逐渐向声辐射力的节点聚集。理论与仿真结果表明该方法可用于分析管道外颗粒的分布状态,其研究结果有助于解决电站中换热器的管道结垢、热交换率降低等问题。     

A modal Pritchard approximation for computing array element mutual impedance.

An investigation into the applicability and accuracy of Pritchard's approximation for closely packed transducer arrays is undertaken. A new, "modal" Pritchard approximation is developed, based upon normal modes of the acoustic medium, and is tested for arrays of acoustically hard spheres to ascertain its accuracy in determining the mutual acoustic radiation impedance between array elements. For ka approximately 1, it is found that the modal Pritchard approximation works quite well in approximating the mutual radiation impedance of a two-element array, even for relatively close spacing; but for arrays of three or more scatterers in close proximity the approximation may have relatively large errors. The effect of neglecting inter-element scattering is analyzed for the monopole-to-monopole scattering of various configurations of a three-element array and a sixteen-element double line array.     

Three-dimensional focus engineering using dipole array radiation pattern

A systematic three-dimensional focus engineering method based on the dipole-array radiation pattern is proposed. High numerical aperture focusing of generalized cylindrical vector beam is interpreted as the reversing of the radiation from electrically small dipole arrays. Required pupil plane illumination can be found for the desired focal field with specific characteristics. Magnetic-dipole array radiation is utilized to create ultra-long (~ 8λ) diffraction limited three-dimensional optical tube with maximal uniformity. Combined with a recently reported optical needle field generation with the help of electric dipole array radiation, ultra-long (~ 8λ) three-dimensional flattop focus that has top hat profiles in both transversal and longitudinal directions can be realized with the help of radiations pattern from co-located magnetic and electric dipole arrays.     

多管PDE爆轰噪声传播过程物理特性实验研究

为研究多管脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰噪声传播过程及声波物理特性,对单管至四管脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰噪声物理特性开展实验研究,获得了多管脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰噪声的波形、声压衰减规律、辐射特性、持续时间和频谱特性等物理参数。结果表明:在管口区域,爆轰噪声峰值衰减较快,在远离管口区域,衰减速率逐渐放缓。随着爆轰管数量的增加,爆轰峰值噪声在各方位角上的声压级逐渐增大。在远场区域内爆轰噪声指向性图呈“M”形。随着爆轰管数量的增加,爆轰噪声的A/B持续时间均增加。爆轰噪声是能量主要集中在中低频段的宽频噪声,其频谱峰值和峰值所在频点随爆轰管数量的增加而改变。      

Using Helmholtz resonator arrays to improve dipole transmission efficiency in waveguide

It is well known that the radiation efficiency of an acoustic dipole is very low, increasing the radiation efficiency of an acoustic dipole is a difficult task, especially in an ordinary waveguide.In addition, current acoustic superlenses all utilize in-phase sources to do the super-resolution imaging, it is almost impossible to realize super-resolution imaging of an acoustic dipole.In this paper, after using the Helmholtz resonator arrays(HRAs) which are placed at the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide, we observe a large dipole radiation efficiency at the certain frequency, which gives a method to observe an acoustic dipole in the far field and offers a novel model which is promising to realize the superlens with a source of an acoustic dipole.We discuss how the arrangement of HRAs affects the transmission of the acoustic dipole.     

Improvement of sound absorption characteristics under low frequency for micro-perforated panel absorbers using super-aligned carbon nanotube arrays

Super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) arrays are grown on the surface of micro perforated panel (MPP) in the hope of improving the acoustic performance of MPP absorbers by virtue of their unique properties. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that SACNT arrays did not block the perforations of MPPs or changed the perforation diameter due to their “super-aligned” nature, although MPPs are thickened. The absorption effect of SACNT arrays which are of the same and different lengths with different incident side on MPP absorbers are investigated, and standing wave tube method is used to determine the normal sound absorption coefficient. Results show that both of the lengths of SACNT arrays and the incident side have effects on the sound absorption performance of MPP absorbers. And generally SACNT arrays help to improve the sound absorption capacity of MPP absorbers in low-frequency regions only when the SACNT arrays surface is the incident side. SACNT arrays decrease absorption performance of MPP absorbers when the MPP surface is used as the incident side. Moreover, SACNT arrays are found to increase the acoustic ability of MPP absorbers with the same structure parameters monotonically at lengths up to 600 μm in the condition that the SACNT arrays surface is used as the incident side.     

Agglomeration of particles by a converging ultrasound field and their quantitative assessments

The acoustic radiation force resulting from acoustic waves have been extensively studied for the contact-free generation of organized patterning arrays. The precise arrangement of microscopic objects clustered at the pressure nodes is critical to the development of functional structures and patterned surfaces. However, the size of the clusters is restricted by the saturation limit of the acoustic nodes. Here, we present a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) platform, which employs a two-dimensional acoustic wave to propel particles of various sizes. Experimentally, when particles are large, significant acoustic energy is scattered and partly absorbed by the matched layers in front of the sensors. The acoustic radiation force from a convergent acoustic pressure field agglomerates the large polystyrene (PS) particles towards the central region instead of the pressure nodes. The parametric analysis has been performed to assess the transition in the particles from clustering at the organized nodal arrays to agglomerating in the central region, which is a function of particle size, particle concentration, and load voltage. Statistically, the particles can agglomerate with a cluster ratio greater than 70%, and this ratio can be improved by increasing the load power/voltage supplied to the transducers. With its ability to perform biocompatible, label-free, and contact-free self-assembly, this concept offers a new possibility in the fabrication of colloidal layers, the recreation of tissue microstructure, the development of organoid spheroid cultures, the migration of microorganisms, and the assembly of bioprinting materials.     

Effects of mutual impedance on the radiation characteristics of transducer arrays

The mutual resistance of transducer arrays is investigated in order to design arrays with improved performance for high intensity sounds at a given frequency. This work proposes the theory that the mutual resistance is related to the loading effects of pressure waves propagated from a piston driver on the surface of another driver. Using this interpretation, the important characteristics of the mutual resistance of two piston drivers are explained and the conditions for local maxima in the mutual resistance are easily determined. On the basis of analyses of the interactions between a driver and acoustic pressure waves, we propose a method to determine the driver radius and the distance between two drivers that give maximum mutual radiation resistance. To evaluate the proposed method, the total resistance of a transducer array is calculated using the formulas for mutual and self-resistance established by Pritchard. The results of the calculations of the total resistances of arrays with many drivers show that a transducer array with drivers arranged sparsely can achieve a larger value of the radiation power per unit area as well as better radiation efficiency than an array in which the drivers are in a closely packed arrangement at a given frequency.     

合成近场校准基阵的方法研究

本文利用单根的束控线阵来构造一个虚拟近场校准基阵,使换能器能在它的近场直接测量辐射声场特性。通过利用改进的矩阵稳定技术,解决了求解束控线阵的束控系数时最小二乘解的稳定性和实用性问题。借助计算机仿真,研究了特定线阵条件下,合成近场测量基阵（Ｓ－ＮＦＣＡ）的近场空间的平面波均匀性与线阵间的间距、线阵的工作频率之间的关系。并以小球源为阵元合成一虚拟平面ＮＦＣＡ,用它对一平面喇叭换能器的近场测量得到远场指向性,并与远场实测结果比较,得到了相当吻合的结果。