菲涅耳衍射解析表达式的物理意义

文中讨论了圆孔菲涅耳衍射解析表达式的物理意义,指出了精确解(在菲湿耳近似下)与近似解的区别,并与用数值积分法计算的结果进行比较,证明了圆孔菲涅耳衍射解析表达式的正确性.     

高斯光束菲涅耳圆孔衍射轴上的光强分布

本文从惠更斯－菲涅耳原理的数学表达式出发，在菲涅耳圆孔衍射的情况下求出了高斯光束入射时轴上光强分布的解析表达式，并对比平面波和球面波入射的情况进行了分折讨论．     

数值法研究光的圆孔衍射实验现象

在平行平面波近似的情况下,数值法求解菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射积分公式,得到平行平面光波通过圆孔衍射后的光强分布图.通过对纵向及横向光强分布图的数值分析,验证了轴上点光强由菲涅耳数决定,菲涅耳数大于1时为菲涅耳衍射区,菲涅耳数小于1时为夫琅禾费衍射区.在近场,光强分布为明暗相间的环形条纹;在远场,光束演化成束腰位置在圆孔处的高斯光束,仿真结果与理论和实验结果基本一致.本仿真结果将光衍射的抽象理论直观化、可视化.     

波动方程零级近似解与菲涅耳衍射的比较研究

对波动方程的零级近似解与菲涅耳衍射进行了比较研究和有效性分析,以平面波的圆孔衍射为例进行了详细的数值计算,并就一些相关问题进行了讨论。     

环形光栅的菲涅耳衍射

在圆孔的菲涅耳衍射的基础上 ,讨论环形光栅的菲涅耳衍射 ,并给出了计算机仿真结果     

3种圆孔衍射的两种计算方法研究

根据菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射积分公式,给出点源、平面光以及高斯光束照射圆孔衍射的一种数值计算方法,借鉴相关方法推导了这3种圆孔衍射的菲涅耳衍射及其特殊情况下夫琅禾费衍射的解析计算式,并利用Matlab软件模拟了它们傍轴区的衍射场。模拟实验表明:这两种计算方法对这3种常见且重要的圆孔衍射都是有效可行的。     

菲涅耳圆孔衍射中心场点光强的解析表示

分别用矢量图解法和积分法导出了菲涅耳圆孔衍射中心场点的光强的解析表示,方便了此类问题的分析．     

验证菲涅耳圆孔衍射中的一个重要结论

验证菲涅耳圆孔衍射中的一个重要结论温淑珍（黑龙江绥化师专）在菲涅耳圆孔衍射中，如图１，圆孔ＣＣ’露出的波阵面，在与点光源Ｐ０处同一轴上的Ｐ点引起的光振动的振幅”’为其中山和山分别为波阵面上相对于ＰＯ和Ｐ所作的第一个和最后一个菲涅耳半波带单独对该点引起...     

“四分之一光强”结论的实验验证

在菲涅耳圆孔衍射(图1)中,根据圆形菲涅耳半波带的划分,可知没有遮蔽的整个波阵面在P_0点引起的光强只有使圆孔露出第一个半波带的那一小部分波阵面在同一点引起光强的四分之一。笔者对此“四分之一光强”的结论作了实验验证。该实验的主要方法是,设计一个能露出第一个半波带的菲涅耳圆孔衍射系统,以线性光电探头测出被测点光强引起的光电流,再与     

菲涅耳衍射公式误差相位的讨论

根据波动光学的理论,对菲涅耳近场衍射公式误差相位的影响进行了分析。以单缝衍射为例,讨论了误差相位与计算精度的联系。结合菲涅耳线波带片焦面光强分布的计算,对比了菲涅耳衍射公式与基尔霍夫衍射公式的计算结果,说明在不满足误差相位近似条件下使用菲涅耳衍射公式带来的影响。最后对影响波带片焦面光强分布的几个因素进行了讨论。     

圆孔的菲涅耳衍射

得到了圆孔菲涅耳衍射光强分布的表达式,此式由贝塞尔函数的数列(或Lommel函数)给出,因此很容易利用普及的数学软件算出结果.并且利用CCD照相机量度了衍射光强分布,与运算的结果作了比较,也与Burch在1985报导的结果作了比较.     

Fresnel diffraction of truncated Gaussian beam

We study the Fresnel diffraction of Gaussian beam truncated by one circular aperture, and give the general analytic expression of the Fresnel diffraction of truncated Gaussian beam denoted by Bessel functions. Then the characteristic of the axial diffraction fluctuation and the influence of the caliber of the circular aperture and the wave waist of Gaussian beam on the diffraction distributions are discussed, respectively. Through the numerical calculations, the characteristics of the transverse diffraction are presented and the relationship of the fluctuation of the transverse diffraction profile and the position of the axial point is shown. The physical origin of the fluctuation of Fresnel diffraction intensities of truncated Gaussian beam is expressed in terms of Fresnel half-zone theory. These phenomena and the conclusions are important for the measurement of the parameters of the beam and its applications.     

圆屏(球)和圆环菲涅耳衍射的解析表达式

在标量衍射理论的基础上，给出了圆屏（球）和圆环菲涅耳衍射的振幅及光强解极表达式。计算了光强分布曲线，并将计算实例和有关资料中的实验与计算结果进行了比较。同时指出所谓无衍射光束实际上是一种菲涅耳衍射现象。     

菲涅尔圆孔衍射理论的探讨

导出非傍轴区轴上点菲涅尔圆孔衍射的精确解析式，并用计算机模拟出不同参数下的各种衍射光强曲线。通过理论分析，揭示出菲涅尔圆孔衍射更深刻的物理内涵。     

Analytic expression of the diffraction of a circular aperture

Recurring to the characteristic of Bessel function, we give the analytic expression of the Fresnel diffraction by a circular aperture, thus the diffractions on the propagation axis and along the boundary of the geometrical shadow are discussed conveniently. Since it is difficult to embody intuitively the physical meaning from this series expression of the Fresnel diffraction, after weighing the diffractions on the axis and along the boundary of the geometrical shadow, we propose a simple approximate expression of the circular diffraction, which is equivalent to the rigorous solution in the further propagation distance. It is important for the measurement of the parameter of the beam, such as the quantitative analysis of the relationship of the wave error and the divergence of the beam. In this paper, the relationship of the fluctuation of the transverse diffraction profile and the position of the axial point is discussed too.     

Axial intensity distribution behind a Fresnel zone plate

An analytical expression based on an improved Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction formula with evanescent term is derived for analyzing the axial light intensity distribution throughout the whole space behind a Fresnel zone plate. The effects of the number of Fresnel zones and the size of aperture on the axial intensity distribution are calculated for two kinds of Fresnel zone plate with larger and smaller aperture. The validity of the general formulae for calculating the focal lengths and the relative intensities of the foci of a Fresnel zone plate is analyzed.     

Propagation of vectorial Gaussian beams behind a circular aperture

Based on the vectorial Rayleigh diffraction integral and the hard-edge aperture function expanded as the sum of finite-term complex Gaussian functions, an approximate analytical expression for the propagation equation of vectorial Gaussian beams diffracted at a circular aperture is derived and some special cases are discussed. By using the approximate analytical formula and diffraction integral formula, some numerical simulation comparisons are done, and some special cases are discussed. We find that a circular aperture can produce the focusing effect but the beam becomes the shape of ellipse in the Fresnel region. When the Fresnel number is equal to unity, the beam is circular and the focused spot reaches a minimum.     

光学系统像点附近的光强空间分布

根据准确的菲涅耳衍射振幅和光强解析表达式推导出光学系统像点队近的光强空间分布。与采用洛梅尔函数计算不同,文中使用常用的贝塞尔函数准确地计算了光强空间分布,从而使计算更容易、结果更直观。并对菲涅耳数这一物理概念进行了论述。     

Propagation of elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams through an annular apertured paraxial ABCD optical system

Based on the generalized Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral and the expansion of the hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, the approximate analytical expression of elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with an annular aperture is derived. Meanwhile, the corresponding closed-forms for the unapertured, circular apertured or circular black screen cases are also given. The obtained results provide more convenience for studying their propagation and transformation than the usual way by using diffraction integral formula directly. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the propagation properties of elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams.     

Partially coherent Fresnel diffraction by a slit aperture. IV. Effect of the phase term in the coherence function

A formula was derived in paper 1 of the this series for investigating the Fresnel diffraction field of a slit aperture when the mutual coherence function of the illumination contains a quadratic phase term. That formula is applied to study the intensity distribution in the Fresnel diffraction field of a slit aperture illuminated by a quasi-monochromatic incoherent slit source. The phase term has a big effect on the features of Fresnel diffraction.