Effect of tin-doping on polytypism of melt-grown crystals of cadmium iodide

The effect of doping of metallic tin in cadmium iodide crystals has been systematically studied. The method of zone melting has been employed both for purification and for the growth of single crystals of cadmium iodide. The doping has been carried out by zone levelling technique. The as-grown crystals have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and physical methods. All the crystals have been found to consist of the most common polytype 4H. Unlike the case of pure undoped crystals of cadmium iodide grown from melt, all the X-ray photographs showed the presence of arcing. None of the photographs showed the presence of streaking. Besides, the doped crystal were found to be harder than the crystals of undoped cadmium iodide. Unlike the undoped crystals, cleavage in the doped crystals was found to be difficult and highly localized. The results have been discussed.     

Temporary mechanoluminescence of certain organic and inorganic crystals

The present paper reports the temporary mechanoluminescence of certain organic and inorganic crystals. The rate constant of the decrease in mechanoluminescence is different for different crystals and it increases with the temperature of the crystals. The mechanoluminescence spectra of As₂O₃ crystals also change with the age of the crystals. It is concluded that the phase transformation may be responsible for the temporary mechanoluminescence in the crystals.     

Domain-inversion characteristics of congruent and stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals

The characteristics of the ferroelectxic domain inversion structures fabricated by applying voltage at room temperatture in Z-cut congruent LiNbO3 and stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals were examined. The voltage required for domain reversal in congrueat crystals is about 2.8 times larger than the voltage for stoichiometric crystals. The periodicity of the sstoichiometric crystals are more uniforn than that of the congruent crystals.     

Crystalloluminescence and temporary mechanoluminescence of As2O3 crystals

Crystalloluminescence and temporary mechanoluminescence of As₂O₃ crystals are investigated. The crystalloluminescence spectra are similar to the photoluminescence and mechanoluminescence (of fresh crystals, in CO₂ atmosphere) spectra. The mechanoluminescence spectra of freshly grown crystals taken in air consist of the superposition of the photoluminescence and nitrogen emissions. The mechanoluminescence spectra of old crystals of As₂O₃ consist of only the nitrogen emission. The total number of crystalloluminescence flashes is linearly related to the total mass of the crystals grown. The mechanoluminescence intensity increases with the mass of the crystals. The mechanoluminescence intensity decreases with the age of the crystals and the rate of decrease increases with increasing temperature of the crystals. Different possibilities of crystalloluminescence and mechanoluminescence excitations in As₂O₃ crystals are explored and it is concluded that crystalloluminescence and mechanoluminescence are of different origins.     

二维介质型光子晶体的直线法分析

运用直线法对二维介质型光子晶体的能带结构进行分析,给出直线法中关于二维介质型光子晶体的本征方程的建立过程.同时,对不同参数的光子晶体进行计算,计算结果通过时域有限差分算法(FDTD)及已发表的数据得到了验证,并考虑不同结构的光子晶体的TE波与TM波的带隙形成情况,可为二维介质型光子晶体的设计提供参考.     

Specific features of the formation of vanadium oxide micro- and nanocrystals during gas-phase synthesis

A modified method of gas-phase synthesis of vanadium oxide micro- and nanocrystals was developed. The morphology of the crystals obtained and its dependence on the synthesis conditions are analyzed. The method is shown to permit the growth of rod-shaped crystals rectangular in cross section, whiskers, crystals with a rectangular cavity, and also lamellar crystals and planar ordered textures consisting of oriented rodshaped crystals. The microcrystals synthesized were used to study the mutual reversible transformation of various vanadium oxides using oxidation and reduction reactions.     

Investigation of LYSO and GSO crystals and simulation of the calorimeter for comet experiment

The research results of parameters of LYSO and GSO crystals—candidates for being used in an electronic calorimeter for the COMET experiment—are described. The research has been made at the specially created high precision measuring setup. Measurements of uniformity of LYSO and GSO crystals along the crystal length were made. The energy resolution of crystals, their light output and processing speed were measured. The energy calibration of crystals was also performed. The research results were used for GEANT4 simulation of the calorimeter for COMET experiment. As a result of simulation of the calorimeter on the collimated 105 MeV electrons source with use of real optical parameters, the energy resolution of 5.0% was obtained for a calorimeter on GSO crystals and 2.5% for a calorimeter on LYSO crystals.     

籽晶尺寸对宝石级金刚石单晶生长的影响

本文在国产六面顶压机上,在5.6 GPa, 1250—1450℃的高压高温条件下,分别选用边长0.8, 1.5和2.2 mm三种尺寸的籽晶,系统开展了Ib型宝石级金刚石单晶的生长研究.文中系统考察了籽晶尺寸对宝石级金刚石单晶生长的影响.首先,考察了籽晶尺寸变化对宝石级金刚石单晶裂晶问题带来的影响.研究得到了籽晶尺寸变大,裂晶出现概率增加的晶体生长规律.其次,在25 h的生长时间内,考察了上述三种尺寸籽晶生长金刚石单晶时,生长时间与单晶极限生长速度的关系.得到了选用大尺寸籽晶,可以提高优质单晶合成效率、降低合成成本的研究结论.借助扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜,对三种尺寸籽晶生长金刚石单晶的表面形貌进行了标定.最后,傅里叶微区红外测试,对三种尺寸籽晶生长宝石级金刚石单晶的N杂质含量进行了表征.研究得到了选用大尺寸籽晶实现快速生长金刚石的同时,晶体的N杂质含量会随之升高的晶体生长规律.     

Crystal growth and comparison of vibrational and thermal properties of semi-organic nonlinear optical materials

Single crystals of urea thiourea mercuric sulphate (UTHS) and urea thiourea mercuric chloride (UTHC), semi-organic nonlinear optical materials, were grown by low-temperature solution growth technique by slow evaporation method using water as the solvent. Good quality single crystals were grown within three weeks. The nonlinear nature of the crystals was confirmed by SHG test. The UV-Vis spectrum showed the transmitting ability of the crystals in the entire visible region. FTIR spectrum was recorded and vibrational assignments were made. The degree of dopant inclusion was ascertained by AAS. The TGA-DTA studies showed the thermal properties of the crystals.     

LiNbO_3与掺铁LiNbO_3晶体的光谱性能

在 L i Nb O3中掺进 Fe2 O3生长了 Fe∶ Li Nb O3晶体。对晶体进行氧化、还原处理 ,测试了 Fe∶ Li Nb O3晶体的吸收光谱以及 Li Nb O3和 Fe∶ L i Nb O3晶体的拉曼光谱 ,研究了氧化还原处理对晶体的光谱影响。     

Electronic structure calculations of lead tungstate PbWO 4 crystals with defects of molybdenum impurity

Lead tungstate PbWO 4 crystals are one of the most effective scintillation materials for calorimetric devices designed to detect elementary particles with extremely high energies [1]. The interest to PbWO 4 scintillation and luminescence properties increased noticeably in the recent years [1, v 2]. However, experimental results obtained for PbWO 4 optical properties, substantially differ for crystals, produced under different growing conditions. Such a variety led to the situation, that up to now there are no generally accepted explanations for the origin of luminescence centres in PbWO 4 . The electronic structure of possible luminescent centres in perfect lead tungstate crystals PbWO 4 and in the crystals with molybdenum impurity PbWO 4 :Mo is ab-initio calculated in order to elucidate the origin of luminescence in lead tungstate crystals. Conclusions concerning excitation of self luminescence in perfect crystals and defect luminescence in Mo-doped crystals are made on the basis of results of calculations and experimental data on luminescence and photo excitation of PbWO 4 and PbWO 4 :Mo crystals.     

Elastic waves in cubic crystals with positive or negative anisotropy of second-order elastic moduli

Elastic waves in cubic crystals are considered. A new classification of cubic crystals is proposed based on their elastic properties. All cubic crystals are shown to be divided into crystals with a positive or negative anisotropy of their second-order elastic moduli. The vibrational-branch spectra of crystals of these two types differ qualitatively in shape. The angular dependences of the polarization vectors are analyzed. The transverse component in quasi-longitudinal vibrations in cubic crystals is shown to be small and can be neglected. The longitudinal component in quasi-transverse modes is not small: its maximum value is 16.5% for Ge and reaches 27% for KCl.     

Vibrational Spectra of Layer Crystals

Abstract

Layer crystals have received considerable attention of spectroscopists because of the wide range of electrical and optical properties they possess. The group of layered chalcogenide crystals contains insulators, semiconductors, metals, and superconductors at moderately high temperature. The layered halide crystals act as reliable hosts for Jahn-Teller, ESR, and other optical experiments. The layerlike nature of such crystals leads to experimentally distinguishable lattice optical properties. The existence of layer and crystal symmetries is clearly manifested in the vibrational spectra of these crystals which have been determined in recent years by means of infrared and Raman investigations of the zone center modes. The large anisotropy of electrical properties leads to LO-TO splitting, while the small interlayer interaction gives rise to Davydov-type splitting besides low frequency interlayer modes. Thus investigations of such crystals have been a considerable addition to our knowledge of the vibration spectra of crystals, in general. In fact, a few of these studies provide very transparent examples of the subject.     

Growth,electrical conductivity and microindentation studies of CuInS2 single crystals

Summary Single crystals of copper indium disulfide (CuInS₂) have been grown by chemical-vapour transport technique (CVT) using iodine as the transporting agent. The obtained phase was checked by X-ray diffractometry and the presence of copper, indium and sulfur in the grown crystals was confirmed by Energy-Dispersive Spectrum Analysis (EDSA). The mechanical properties of the grown crystals were studied using microindentation analysis. Optical-transmission measurements were done to determine the energy gap of the grown crystals. The four-probe technique was used to measure the electrical properties of the grown crystals. The as-grown crystals were found to bep-type conducting and they were converted ton-type by suitable annealing treatment. The electrical parameters of bothn- andp-type crystals were measured.     

FCC结构胶体光子晶体的制备及其带隙特性测量

基于对光纤传输特性和胶体光子晶体制备方法的研究,提出了用外加电场控制的方法制备光子带隙位于通讯波段的FCC结构的胶体光子晶体,并用光纤系统测试胶体光子晶体的带隙特性.采用RSOFT模拟了胶体光子晶体的带隙,分析了带隙位于通讯波段时所需的胶体微球的基本参量(微球折射率和直径).采用自组装的方法,用步进电机控制玻璃基片向上的拉升速率.速率为5 μm/s,同时外加一电场.用扫描电镜观测胶体晶体的表面形貌,并设计了单模光纤系统测量胶体光子晶体的带隙特性.测试的透射谱线表明胶体光子晶体的带隙中心波长为1552 nm.测试结果和模拟结果具有很好的一致性,误差只有2 nm.     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-双酚A型聚碳酸酯共混体系中聚合物伸直链晶体的形态分析

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等表征手段,研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-双酚A型聚碳酸酯(PET-PC)共混物的高压结晶样品。研究发现共混体系中存在具备不同形态特征的伸直链晶体,其中包括楔形晶体、弯曲晶体以及楔形弯曲晶体。通过对这些晶体的形态观察,揭示出体系中大尺寸聚酯伸直链单晶体的增厚生长首先要经历形成折叠链晶核的成核阶段,然后才是在酯交换反应和链滑移扩散两种机制共同作用下的等温增厚的链伸展过程。有助于深入理解PET-PC共混物中伸直链单晶体生长过程的本质因素,以便在类似聚合物体系中合成大尺寸的同类晶体。     

Growth and characterization of l-histidinium 2-nitrobenzoate [LH2NB(I)]—A promising non linear optical single crystal

Single crystals of l-histidinium 2-nitrobenzoate [LH2NB(I)] have been successfully grown by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals have been subjected to powder X-ray diffraction studies and the cell parameters are calculated. The structural and optical properties of the grown crystals were characterized by FT-IR and UV–VIS–NIR studies. Photoconductivity and dielectric studies were also carried out for the grown crystals. Vickers microhardness test was also carried out to elucidate the mechanical behavior of the grown crystals. TG–DTG studies were carried out to determine the thermal stability of the crystals. The second harmonic generation behavior of the grown crystals was tested by Kurtz–Perry powder technique.     

高温氧气热处理对TiO_2晶体结构和铁磁性的影响

金红石TiO_2晶体先在真空中进行退火处理,随后在1173 K的氧气中进行不同时间(2 h、5 h、8 h)的热处理.理论上,通过Doppler程序计算了晶体中存在单空位、双空位和间隙O原子时的正电子湮没寿命.实验上,利用正电子湮没寿命谱仪、符合多普勒能谱仪和超导量子干涉仪分别表征了氧气退火后晶体内部的缺陷结构和常温铁磁性.分析结果得出:真空退火晶体的常温铁磁性主要与O空位的存在相关联;而经过氧气退火后,虽然极大地减少了氧空位,但晶体中却产生了大量的Ti双空位,这使得晶体的常温铁磁性有所增加.     

Solution-grown crystals of poly(vinyl alcohol)

The growth mechanism and crystalline texture of solution-grown crystals of poly(vinyl alcohol) have been studied by electron microscopy. From morphological data it is shown that single crystals of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have two growth faces, i.e., the (100) and (101) fold planes. It is suggested that the parallelogrammic single crystals grow from the center by molecular folds. The rate of addition on the (100) plane is about three times larger than that on the (101) plane. Twinning of the PVA crystals takes place at the (100), (001), (101), and (101) planes at the time of the nucleation or during the growth. The single crystal and twins of PVA are corrugated lamellae. Granulated structure is observed on the surface in a figure similar to the external form of the crystals. Dark-field micrographs show that the PVA single crystals possess a mosaic structure with the arrangement of the blocks deviating slightly from parallel alignment in the lamella. The reactivities of single crystals to various aldehydes indicate that the single crystals contain crystal lattice defects.     

弹性波通过一维复合材料系统的透射性质

提出了不同结构的一维弹性波复合材料系统模型,包括一维周期结构声子晶体、标准Fibonacci准周期结构声子晶体、广义Fibonacci准周期结构声子晶体以及完全无序结构的复合材料系统. 采用模式匹配理论法,数值计算了弹性波通过一维复合材料系统的透射系数. 计算结果表明,利用特殊的准周期结构声子晶体可获得比周期结构声子晶体更宽的带隙范围,准周期结构排列的复合材料系统相当于在周期结构中引入了缺陷体一样,带隙内出现了丰富的局域模式. 对弹性波/声波在复合材料系统中局域态性质的研究有助于弹性波/声波滤波器、导波器 关键词： 弹性波复合材料 局域化