X射线荧光光谱中散射效应对荧光强度的贡献研究

采用理论计算和实验测定的方法研究了在纯元素样品、BaB二元样品及熔融片样品中三种散射效应对荧光强度的贡献(包括相干散射X射线激发的荧光强度、非相干散射X射线激发的荧光强度以及其他方向的一次荧光X射线被散射进探测方向的强度)大小及其变化规律。研究结果表明,三种散射效应对荧光强度的贡献大小与所研究元素原子特征谱线的能量及样品的基体有关,元素原子的特征谱线能量越高,散射效应对荧光强度的贡献越大;轻基体样品中散射效应对荧光的贡献比重基体样品大。实验证明,将散射效应包括在基本参数法的理论计算中可以有效地提高理论计算的准确度。     

激光激发荧光谱的双光路多道分析方法研究

在脉冲激光激发荧光的研究中由于入射激光强度的起伏会导致所激发荧光的强度随之波动 ,从而给荧光光谱及其待测物质测量结果带来较大误差。采用双光路法 (即在采集荧光谱的同时也采集激发激光强度 ,利用荧光强度与激发光强度的线性相关 ,对实验数据进行相关分析 )可以有效地克服激发光波动对荧光光谱的影响 ,显著降低了测量误差。用此法对若丹明 6G和十二烷基硫酸纳 (SDS)对R6G的荧光增强进行测量 ,可得到相关系数大于 0 9的测量结果。在激发光波动较大时双光路法与单光路采样平均法相比有明显优越性。     

偏振X射线荧光系统测量痕量Cd元素的Geant4模拟研究

通过传统能量色散X射线荧光分析(EDXRF)对Cd元素进行痕量分析时,X光管发出的原级轫致辐射连续谱对Cd元素的分析具有严重的影响.为了减弱原级X射线对测量结果的影响,通过Geant4程序包模拟不同几何尺寸下偏振激发X射线荧光分析(P-EDXRF)中荧光靶的结构,研究其在减弱测量过程中原级X射线轫致辐射连续谱的影响.为...     

人体血清血糖浓度对血清荧光强度的影响

血液在临床医学诊断和治疗中有着重要的价值,很多疾病都可能导致血液成分或性质发生特征性的变化。因此,对血液中的糖进行分析将是十分重要且有实用意义的。文章研究了正常血清与高血糖血清在光激发下荧光强度的差异。结果表明在365 nm处荧光图像的平均灰度值随血糖的浓度增大呈现明显增大的趋势;但在353,405, 369 nm处的荧光图像的平均灰度变化不大。这表明葡萄糖主要影响血清365 nm处的荧光强度。由于荧光强度与荧光物质的浓度有关,所以血糖浓度变化直接影响365 nm处的荧光强度。因此,可以根据365 nm处的荧光强度的大小来判断血清中的血糖含量是否超标,这为光学技术应用于血液疾病诊断方面提供实验依据。     

原位能量色散X射线荧光分析中岩样基体效应及其修正研究

原位能量色散X射线荧光现场分析岩样矿物成分时,岩样基体效应会对测量结果产生影响。本文以Cu元素作为待测元素,研究了17种不同岩样基体对原位能量色散X射线荧光分析Cu元素特征X射线强度的影响及其修正方法。采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟获得了Cu元素含量相同的17种不同岩样测量谱线,综合各类岩石元素构成的相似性,并依据模拟谱线Cu元素Kα射线强度与谱线参数之间的相关性,反映了原位能量色散X射线荧光分析岩样Cu元素的基体效应并不完全受岩体元素构成或岩石分类的控制,需要依据岩石样分析谱线参数的相关性进行归类讨论。针对基体影响Cu元素特征射线强度相似的15种岩样进一步研究,并对Cu元素特征X射线与谱线主要参数的主成分进行分析,发现散射本底、X光管靶材料特征X射线及其非相干散射峰强度能够很好的描述Cu元素特征X射线强度受岩样基体影响的变化,据此可以对基体效应影响相似的岩体进行Cu元素测量结果修正。采用本文方法同样也能为不同岩性岩体其他待测元素基体效应的修正提供参考。     

光谱法研究EGCG-Cu(Ⅱ)与ctDNA的相互作用

研究了EGCG-Cu(Ⅱ)-ctDNA系统的荧光光谱,电子吸收光谱和共振光散射光谱(RLS)。与EGCG-Cu(Ⅱ)二元配合物比较,EGCG-Cu(Ⅱ)-ctDNA三元体系光谱显示以下特征：(1)荧光光谱的发射位置没有变,荧光强度显著增强,并且三元体系的荧光强度随着DNA浓度增大而增大。在适宜的条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)-EGCG 配合物有望成为检测ctDNA的荧光探针;(2)电子吸收光谱有明显的增色效应;(3)共振光散射强度也增强。三种光谱的特征显示,EGCG-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物与核酸之间主要依靠插入作用和静电引力结合。由于配合物的插入,使系统的荧光强度增强,而静电作用使其电子吸收光谱和共振光散射光谱产生增色效应。酸度和离子强度对三元系统荧光强度的影响也进行了实验和讨论。     

飞秒相干光场激发固体样品的线性与上转换荧光光谱研究

用可变延时的双光束激光激发固态样品,同时测量样品的线性荧光和上转换荧光强度.理论上用Bloch方程描述了激发态吸收上转换过程,通过数量方法解Bloch方程,得到了与激发态吸收过程相关的各能级粒子数布居随时间的变化关系,计算出荧光强度,得到有一定延时的两束光的相干光谱,相干光谱的计算结果和实验结果一致。     

半导体量子阱中自由激子稳态荧光特征

在不同晶格温度和不同激发光强度下，测量了四元系GaInAsSb/GaAlAsSb单量子阱中自由激子的荧光光谱，导出了稳态光谱测量条件下自由激子荧光强度与激发光强度和晶格温度的一般性公式.计算结果表明，激子相对占有数引起的温度和密度效应会影响激子发光的强度关系.根据本文的简单模型，线性比例系数I/I₀实际上综合地反映了量子阱中自由激子的荧光效率，而从激子荧光强度的Arrhenius图的最佳拟合中不仅可以得到激子的束缚能和激活能，而且还能估计出量子阱材料的本底浓度和散射时间常数. 关键词：     

三种品牌牛奶的荧光光谱特性研究

应用FLS920P型稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱仪,对三种品牌不同脂肪含量的纯牛奶和鲜奶（共9种）进行了荧光光谱的测量。9种牛奶样品的三维荧光光谱显示,牛奶的荧光峰值波长为349 nm左右,半高宽为66 nm左右,最佳激发波长为291 nm左右,平均寿命为4.6 ns左右,实验表明9种牛奶的荧光光谱除荧光强度外基本一致。实验测得酪蛋白溶液的荧光峰值波长为344 nm,半高宽为66 nm,最佳激发波长为295 nm,荧光寿命为4.1 ns。酪蛋白的荧光峰值波长和荧光寿命与牛奶基本一致,对比牛奶中其他荧光物质后,推断牛奶的主要荧光物质为酪蛋白。进一步探究9种牛奶荧光强度的差别,对比9种牛奶最佳激发波长下的荧光发射光谱,相同品牌的全脂牛奶荧光强度明显低于脱脂牛奶。对比全脂牛奶、脱脂牛奶和离心处理的全脂牛奶归一化后的荧光光谱,离心后的全脂牛奶荧光强度介于全脂和脱脂之间,离心使得脂肪减少,散射降低,从而导致荧光强度的增强。牛奶的荧光发射全谱显示全脂牛奶的瑞利散射强度明显高于脱脂牛奶,全脂牛奶的脂肪含量高,散射强,激发光入射全脂牛奶后更多地被散射,导致全脂牛奶的瑞利散射强度高于脱脂牛奶。光透过率曲线显示全脂牛奶的透过率都低于脱脂牛奶,入射光通过全脂牛奶时,除了一部分被酪蛋白吸收以外,还有一部分因脂肪的散射而损失,透过率减小,使得全脂牛奶的透过率都低于脱脂牛奶。使用荧光光谱技术在不进行预处理的情况下对牛奶进行检测,确定了牛奶的主要荧光物质,并对全脂牛奶和脱脂牛奶荧光强度存在差别的原因进行了解释。     

罗丹明B的共振散射光谱研究

研究了罗丹明B(RhB)的共振光散射的特性与机理。在 pH =- 0 38至 pH 4 10的酸性溶液中 ,共振光散射信号随pH值增大而增强 ,近中性时散射强度达到最大。散射强度随波长的变化不符合瑞利散射定律。RhB的荧光激发光谱与发射光谱有部分重叠 ,共振散射峰处于荧光激发峰和荧光发射峰之间。在三维荧光等高线光谱图中 ,瑞利散射线与荧光等高线相交。在光偏振实验中 ,测得共振散射光的偏振度P≈ 0 1。上述实验结果揭示RhB的共振散射光主要是共振荧光。共振光散射信号随 pH值增大而增强的机理是RhB酸碱平衡移动导致荧光型体的形成。RhB的共振散射峰位于吸收曲线轮廓之中 ,共振光散射受光吸收的影响 ,因此 ,散射光强度与浓度之间不是严格的线性关系。     

X-ray radiation toward relativistic electrons incident on a flat target

Features of X-ray radiation emitted toward the velocity vector of relativistic electrons incident on a flat target are discussed. The contribution of polarization bremsstrahlung (PB) considered as scattering of the intrinsic field of a fast charge by electrons of the medium is estimated taking into account its dispersion properties. Spectral-angular characteristics of coherent and incoherent PB are analyzed for unstructured and structured targets. Such PB feature not only different intensities, but also different angular dependences reaching a maximum near the velocity direction of a fast charge. It is shown that coherent PB emitted from the target surface layer is characterized by an extraordinary, i.e., inversely proportional to the squared frequency, intensity dependence.     

Light-induced scattering in SBN：Cr crystal under external electric fields and its suppression

In this paper, the enhancement of light-induced scattering in congruent SBN:Cr (Sr_{0.61}Ba_{0.39}Nb_2O_6:Cr) crystals in the presence of an externally applied electric field and its suppression are studied. If a coherent image is focalized in SBN:Cr crystal without applying external electric field, the output image will remain clear, because of the weak photorefractive effect in the crystal. When a field is applied properly along the crystal axis, markedly enhanced scattering from the signal beam and the output image dispersion can be observed due to the increase of the photorefractive two-beam coupling gain and the light-induced index change in SBN:Cr crystals. By introducing a coherent or incoherent beam with higher intensity the light-induced scattering can be suppressed through the erasure of scattering gratings. The difference between coherent and incoherent beam is that the former can also amplify the signal beam as the scattered light is removed, whereas the latter can only make the signal beam revert to its initial state. The results obtained under different experimental conditions are consistent with theoretical analysis.     

Inelastic and elastic scattering differential cross‐sections of 59.5 keV photons for Cu and Zn targets

Differential cross‐sections for incoherent and coherent scattering of 59.54 keV photons were measured for Cu and Zn targets at scattering angles of 40–135° in a reflection geometry setup with a graded shielding arrangement. The ratio of these cross‐sections, which can be determined with higher precision than absolute values, is given. A method was used to determine differential incoherent and coherent scattering cross‐sections of elements. This method is based on simultaneous measurement of fluorescence radiation and scattered radiation, thus avoiding problems with measuring source strength and source‐to‐detector solid angle. The measurements were performed using a point source of Am‐241 radioisotope and an Si(Li) detector. The experimental results, which complement earlier results, were compared with the theories of incoherent scattering function and form factor. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coherent backscattering of light by a layer of discrete random medium

We consider the problem of backscattering of light by a layer of discrete random medium illuminated by an obliquely incident plane electromagnetic wave. The multiply scattered reflected radiation is assumed to consist of incoherent and coherent parts, the coherent part being caused by the interference of multiply scattered waves. Formulas describing the characteristics of the reflected radiation are derived assuming that the scattering particles are spherical. The formula for the incoherent contribution reproduces the standard vector radiative transfer equation. The interference contribution is expressed in terms of a system of Fredholm integral equations with kernels containing Bessel functions. The special case of the backscattering direction is considered in detail. It is shown that the angular width of the backscattering interference peak depends on the polar angle of the incident wave and on the azimuth angle of the reflection direction.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定花草茶中22种元素

采用粉末压片法制样,应用X射线荧光光谱法对花草茶中N,Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Br,Rb,Sr,Ba,Pb共22种元素进行了分析。讨论了测量条件的选择,对于22种目标元素的分析线,除Ba,Pb采用L线外,其余都选择K_α线,在对Rh靶K_α线的康普顿散射进行测量时,应适当降低管电压,选择合适的管电流。采用经验系数法和3条散射谱线(Rh靶L_α线的瑞利散射、0.1876nm处的散射线、Rh靶K_α线的康普顿散射)作内标进行基体效应校正,并对N,Na,Ca,Ti,Mn,Sr,Ba等部分元素进行了谱线重叠干扰校正。实验结果表明,该方法对N,Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Br,Rb,Sr,Ba,Pb各目标元素的检出限较低,且准确度较好,精密度较高。采用该方法对花草茶中元素的种类和含量信息进行分析发现,花草茶元素组成较为丰富,不同种类花草茶元素种类和含量有差异,且同一种类不同来源花草茶略有差异,但元素组成含量特征大体相似。综上可知,该方法操作简单,能够实现花草茶的低成本、快速、准确、多元素测定。     

TM plane wave scattering and diffraction from a randomly rough half-plane: (part II) An evaluation of the diffraction kernel

In a previous paper (part I), it has been shown that a random wavefield from a randomly rough half-plane for a TM plane wave incidence is written in terms of a Wiener-Hermite expansion with three types of Fourier integrals. This paper studies a concrete representation of the random wavefield by an approximate evaluation of such Fourier integrals, and statistical properties of scattering and diffraction. For a Gaussian roughness spectrum, intensities of the coherent wavefield and the first-order incoherent wavefield are calculated and shown in figures. It is then found that the coherent scattering intensity decreases in the illumination side, but is almost invariant in the shadow side. The incoherent scattering intensity spreads widely in the illumination side, and have ripples at near the grazing angle. Moreover, a major peak at near the antispecular direction, and associated ripples appear in the shadow side. The incoherent scattering intensity increases rapidly at near the random half-plane. These new phenomena for the incoherent scattering are caused by couplings between TM guided waves supported by a slightly random surface and edge diffracted waves excited by a plane wave incidence or by free guided waves on a flat plane without any roughness.     

Nuclear resonant scattering using synchrotron radiation

A one-dimensional quantum model for nuclear resonant scattering using synchrotron radiation has been developed. This model gives a clear physical interpretation of the most prominent features of the coherent forward scattering process namely, the “speed-up” and “dynamical beat” effects. The form of the solution, for the time-dependent forward scattered intensity of the resonant radiation from the resonant medium after synchrotron radiation excitation, is a finite series. This unique solution can be interpreted in terms of a summation over all multiple forward scattering paths the radiation takes in reaching the detector. The resonant medium is represented by a linear chain of N effective resonant nuclei. The analysis starts from a coupled set of quantum mechanical equations for the relevant amplitudes in frequency space. Transformation to the time domain gives an analytical expression for the forward scattered intensity. The contribution of every order of the multiple scattering processes from the N effective nuclei appears naturally. The expression gives a clear physical understanding of all relevant aspects of resonant forward nuclear scattering. Furthermore, the present formalism allows the consideration of incoherent processes. This permits the study of processes in which there is gamma emission with recoil or emission of internal-conversion electrons. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An experimental study on cross-section ratio of coherent to incoherent scattering for 145 keV incident gamma photons

The coherent (Rayleigh) to incoherent (Compton) scattering cross-section ratio of elements, in the range 6 ≤ Z ≤ 82, are determined experimentally for 145 keV incident gamma photons. An HPGe (High purity germanium) semiconductor detector is employed, at scattering angle of 50°, 70° and 90°, to record the spectra originating from interactions of incident gamma photons with the target under investigation. The intensity ratio of Rayleigh to Compton scattered peaks observed in the recorded spectra, and corrected for photo-peak efficiency of gamma detector and absorption of photons in the target and air, along with the other required parameters provides the differential cross-section ratio. The measured values of cross-section ratio are found to agree with theoretical predictions (corresponding to 4.939, 6.704 and 8.264 Å⁻¹ photon momentum transfer) based upon non-relativistic form factor, relativistic form factor, modified form factor and S-matrix theory.